1、動(dòng)賓連接原則
Those potent weapons for deflecting pitches that offer everything from bigger body parts to lower mortgage rates have attracted the ire of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and mass marketers。 deflect: 打擊 轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)ㄐ袆?dòng)步驟
2、時(shí)態(tài)原則
中華民族歷來(lái)愛(ài)好自由和和平。
The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.
The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.
The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.
中國(guó)過(guò)去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來(lái)是……
中國(guó)人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。
The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.
3、主語(yǔ)確定原則
比如強(qiáng)調(diào)仁愛(ài)、強(qiáng)調(diào)群體、強(qiáng)調(diào)天下為公，特別是“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的愛(ài)國(guó)情操。
For example, they lay emphasis on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, and on the idea that all under heaven are equal, especially on patriotism as embodied in the saying, “everybody is responsible for the fate of the country.”
4、謂語(yǔ)最小化原則
將動(dòng)詞變成名詞
使用帶有to的目的狀語(yǔ)
使用介詞短語(yǔ)（with，for）
使用分詞短語(yǔ)
使用帶有which的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
今年的亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作組織會(huì)議將主要側(cè)重兩個(gè)方面：一是加強(qiáng)亞太經(jīng)合組織成員之間的合作，共同應(yīng)對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，重樹(shù)信心；二是繼續(xù)推進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易投資自由化進(jìn)程，推動(dòng)世界貿(mào)易組織盡早開(kāi)始新一輪談判。
The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.
5、動(dòng)賓換序原則
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
在新千年，經(jīng)濟(jì)重心將向亞洲轉(zhuǎn)移，中國(guó)將迅速崛起，世界其他地區(qū)將不得不對(duì)此做出反應(yīng)。
6、句群邏輯關(guān)系原則
經(jīng)過(guò)二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了有利的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。
Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.
1972年聯(lián)合國(guó)人類環(huán)境會(huì)議以來(lái)，盡管國(guó)際社會(huì)做出了巨大努力，但全球環(huán)境仍在持續(xù)惡化，成為人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)，而快速發(fā)展的全球化更使環(huán)境形勢(shì)日益復(fù)雜。
全球環(huán)境仍在持續(xù)惡化
快速發(fā)展的全球化更使環(huán)境形勢(shì)日益復(fù)雜
日益惡化的環(huán)境問(wèn)題成為人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)
Since the UN Conference on the Human Environment has been steadily deteriorating. The acceleration of globalization has compounded environmental degradation. These are challenges common to all human beings. 亞太地區(qū)各國(guó)應(yīng)結(jié)合自身特點(diǎn)，采取適當(dāng)?shù)暮暧^政策措施，促進(jìn)本地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇。
亞太地區(qū)各國(guó)應(yīng)（通過(guò)）結(jié)合自身特點(diǎn)，采取適當(dāng)?shù)暮暧^政策措施的（方式），（以達(dá)到）促進(jìn)本地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇（的目的）。
Countries in the region should promote regional growth as well as global economic recovery by opting for appropriate macro-economic policies and measures suited to their own conditions.
為此，中國(guó)將鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新，加快商業(yè)化、工業(yè)化和國(guó)家化的進(jìn)程。
為此，中國(guó)將鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新，（以此來(lái)）加快商業(yè)化、工業(yè)化和國(guó)家化的進(jìn)程。
For this purpose, China will encourage innovation to accelerate the process of commercialization, industrialization and internationalization.
中國(guó)提出了建設(shè)和諧世界的理念，也將為達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)努力奮斗。
（既然）中國(guó)提出了建設(shè)和諧世界的理念，（中國(guó)）也將為達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)努力奮斗。
As/Since China has put forward the concept of building a harmonious world, it will also strive hard to attain this goal.
In putting forward the concept of building a harmonious world, China will also strive to attain this goal.
7、連接原則
書(shū)無(wú)所不讀，全無(wú)所惑，并不著急，教書(shū)做事，均甚認(rèn)真，往往吃虧，也不后悔。
Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.
奧運(yùn)會(huì)會(huì)徽，不僅是國(guó)際奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)和奧運(yùn)會(huì)形象品牌的重要載體，而且體現(xiàn)了奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦城市獨(dú)特的文化魅力，體現(xiàn)了奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦國(guó)家的民族性格和精神風(fēng)貌。
The emblem of the Olympic Games, in particular, is not only an important representation of the Olympic Movement and the Olympic brand, but also a demonstration of the charm of the host city’s unique culture and its national character and spirit.
最近，中國(guó)國(guó)家主席胡錦濤在聯(lián)合國(guó)首腦大會(huì)上提出了努力建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界的主張。
Recently, Chinese President Hu Jintao put forward his proposal at the United Nations Summit for striving to build a harmonious world characterized by lasting peace and common prosperity.
8、減少of原則
中國(guó)的富強(qiáng)和發(fā)展不會(huì)對(duì)任何國(guó)家構(gòu)成威脅。
A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.
我們之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展，使我們不僅成為親密的朋友，而且成為兄弟。
Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.
9、名詞詞組與分句互譯原則
They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.
基金會(huì)提供了一種方式，可以讓有錢人和大公司能實(shí)際支配花去稅款的方式。
10、要詞原則
Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.
亞洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量將超過(guò)其他國(guó)家地區(qū)的總和。
Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.
這些國(guó)家雖然呈現(xiàn)出欣欣向榮的態(tài)勢(shì)，但其中還有許多處于極端貧窮的弱勢(shì)人口，還有少部分人口極端富有。
11、詞語(yǔ)推敲原則
中國(guó)的發(fā)展不會(huì)妨礙任何人。
obstruct: deliberately prevent (sb/sth) from making progress; put difficulties in the way of (sb/sth) “故意”妨礙
eg. Don’t obstruct the police in the course of their duty.
不要妨礙警方執(zhí)行公務(wù)。
interfere (with sb): distract or hinder sb 干擾、妨礙
eg. Don’t inferfere with him while he’s working.
他工作的時(shí)候不要干擾他。
中國(guó)的發(fā)展不會(huì)妨礙任何人。
hinder: prevent the progress of (sb/sth), or obstruct/delay (sb/sth) 阻礙、妨礙某人/某事物的進(jìn)展
eg. Production was hindered by lack of materials.
由于缺乏原料，生產(chǎn)陷于停頓。
China’s development hinders no one.
China’s development poses no hindrance to anyone.
China’s development is no hindrance to anyone.
China’s development does not hinder anyone.
12、文化差異原則
像中國(guó)這樣的大國(guó)，她的發(fā)展有可能會(huì)引發(fā)一些矛盾和摩擦。
For a country as large as China, its development will possibly trigger some contradictions and frictions.
13、翻譯多樣性原則
加快
世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的重組加快步伐。
The restructuring of the world economy is speeding up.
為此，中國(guó)將鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新，加快商業(yè)化、工業(yè)化和國(guó)家化的進(jìn)程。
For this purpose, China will encourage innovation to accelerate the process of commercialization, industrialization and internationalization.
中國(guó)還將努力解決國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主要問(wèn)題，加快我們科技事業(yè)的發(fā)展。
China will also make great efforts to solve the major problems in the national economy, and enhance the development of science and technology of our country.
積極
加快科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化，積極培養(yǎng)各級(jí)各類人才。
We should accelerate the transaction of science and technological advances into productive forces, and make vigorous efforts to train people in various fields at different levels of expertise. 改善投資環(huán)境，積極引進(jìn)境外資金。
We should improve the investment environment, and do all we can to attract foreign funds.
意識(shí)/認(rèn)識(shí)
我最后終于認(rèn)識(shí)到這件事為何非做不可。
I came to realize in the end why it must be done.
他認(rèn)識(shí)到自己犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
He recognized that he had made a mistake.
看起來(lái)她還沒(méi)有意識(shí)到有多危險(xiǎn)。
It seems that she is still not aware of the danger.
萬(wàn)大爺痛苦地意識(shí)到一家人的看法有分歧。
Grandpa Wan grew painfully aware that the family were divided in their attitude.
他們意識(shí)到上司不贊成。
They were conscious that the boss disapproved.
我意識(shí)到我沒(méi)把收音機(jī)關(guān)掉。
It dawned on me that I had not turned off the radio.
14、“神龍見(jiàn)首不見(jiàn)尾”原則
有時(shí)候，漢語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)一連串表示“措施”意義的并列動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，最后以一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)結(jié)束。此時(shí)可使用變序法，把漢語(yǔ)句子里的最后一個(gè)表示目的的狀語(yǔ)前置，就可以把措施與目的之間的關(guān)系清楚地表達(dá)出來(lái)。
我們應(yīng)該互相尊重，樹(shù)立信心，避免對(duì)抗，增加對(duì)話，以建立兩國(guó)間長(zhǎng)久的戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系。
In order to establish long-term strategic partnership between the two countries, we should respect each other, build up confidence, avoid confrontation and increase dialogue.
我們必須加強(qiáng)企業(yè)管理，提高生產(chǎn)效率，改善勞動(dòng)條件，增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)，為中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織最好準(zhǔn)備。
In order to get ourselves prepared for China’s entry into WTO, we must strengthen our business management, raise efficiency in production, improve working conditions, and enhance our sense of competition.
15、“長(zhǎng)后短前”原則
同位語(yǔ)或前置修飾語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)通常后移；當(dāng)其修飾作用的同位語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，英譯時(shí)不一定后移，可以放在前面。
中共中央總書(shū)記、國(guó)家主席胡錦濤→Hu Jintao, Chinese president and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
美國(guó)總統(tǒng)布什→George Bush, President of the United States of America
奧斯卡獲獎(jiǎng)影片《美國(guó)麗人》→American Beauty, an Oscar Award winner
您可以游覽萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城的一段——八達(dá)嶺；明清兩代皇帝居住的地方——故宮；清朝御花園——頤和園。
You may go and visit Badaling, one segment of the spectacular Great Wall, the Imperial Palace, residence of the Ming and Qing emperors, and Summer Palace, an imperial garden of the Qing Dynasty.
胡錦濤主席→President Hu Jintao
聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)科菲·安南→UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan
微軟公司董事長(zhǎng)比爾·蓋茨→Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates
當(dāng)我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)特指意義時(shí)，起修飾作用的同位語(yǔ)英譯時(shí)也前置。
意大利著名旅游家馬可·波羅→the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo
美國(guó)偉大的民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖小馬丁·路德·金→the great American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.
16、“斷” “背” “刪”原則
東方明珠廣播電視塔位于黃浦江畔、浦東陸家嘴嘴尖上，塔高468米，三面環(huán)水，與外灘的萬(wàn)國(guó)建筑博覽群隔江相望，是亞洲第一、世界第三的高塔。
The Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower stands on the Huangpu River and at the point of Lujiazui.（地理位置）Surrounded by waters on three sides and facing a row of buildings of variegated Western architectures in the Bund across the river, the 468-meter-high tower ranks first in Asia and third in the world.（排名）
海峽兩岸→both sides of the Taiwan Straits
三資企業(yè)→Chinese-foreign equity joint venture 中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng)
Chinese-foreign cooperative joint venture中外合作經(jīng)營(yíng)
wholly foreign-owned enterprise 外商獨(dú)資企業(yè)
三民主義→Nationalism, democracy, people’s livelihood
三來(lái)一補(bǔ)，四項(xiàng)基本原則，八榮八恥，三個(gè)“有利于”
代詞的省略
有些做賓語(yǔ)的介詞
物主代詞
抽象代詞
泛指代詞
形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)it
連詞的省略
冠詞的省略
介詞的省略
17、變“形”金剛原則
為了使譯文簡(jiǎn)潔，除了省略不必要的詞語(yǔ)外，還可以采取用單詞來(lái)譯詞組和句子，用詞組來(lái)譯句子等辦法來(lái)省卻多余的東西，使句子變得緊湊。
用單詞來(lái)譯詞組和句子
我上這個(gè)班是為了提高英語(yǔ)水平。
I attend this class to improve my English.
坦率地說(shuō)，你錯(cuò)了。
Frankly, you are mistaken.
我們希望吃晚飯的時(shí)候趕到。
Hopefully, we’ll be there by dinnertime.
用詞組來(lái)譯句子
只要看一眼這封信，你就會(huì)明白你上當(dāng)了。
A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.
他看書(shū)看得太久，眼睛都紅了。
His eyes were red from excessive reading.
如果天公作美，周末我們就去郊游。
Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing this weekend.
他有才能，人品好，辦事勤奮，顯然會(huì)步步高升。
By aptitude, personality and work he is obviously slated to go up.
用同位語(yǔ)來(lái)譯句子
上海有一千六百多萬(wàn)人口，是世界上最大的城市之一。
Shanghai, a city with a population of over 16 million, is one of the largest cities in the world.
許教授那時(shí)候還是個(gè)學(xué)生，就已經(jīng)為報(bào)紙雜志寫(xiě)詩(shī)寫(xiě)小說(shuō)了。
Professor Xu, at that time a student, wrote poems and stories for newspapers and magazines.
用無(wú)動(dòng)詞分詞來(lái)譯句子
他是一流記者，有廣博的知識(shí)。
A first-rate journalist, he has a wide range of knowledge.
他餓極了，一會(huì)兒工夫就吃下去兩大碗飯。
Hungry as a wolf, he ate up two big bowls of rice in an instant.
更重要的是，我們不應(yīng)該讓這件事發(fā)生。
Even more important, we should not let it happen. |
