第二節(jié) 介賓短語(yǔ)
介詞不能單獨(dú)使用,而必須和其他詞連用,這些詞稱(chēng)作介詞的賓語(yǔ),它們共同構(gòu)成的介賓短語(yǔ)常在句中作狀語(yǔ),作名詞的后置定語(yǔ),有時(shí)作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
考點(diǎn)一 名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)
大部分介詞的賓語(yǔ)都是由名詞(包括代詞)充當(dāng)?shù)�,如:under the tree, during the day, 這一考點(diǎn)在題中多次出現(xiàn)
例題:
(1)
The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.
(A) more accurate than sundials
(B) more accurate sundials
(C) sundials more accurately
(D) more accurately than sundials
答案:B
解釋?zhuān)簊earch for缺少賓語(yǔ), 只有B是表達(dá)無(wú)誤的名詞詞組, 可以作賓語(yǔ);其他選項(xiàng)的比較形式都有錯(cuò)。
(2)
Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.
應(yīng)改為:in length.
解釋?zhuān)簂ong 是形容詞, 不能單獨(dú)接在介詞之后, 其名詞形式length與in構(gòu)成介賓短語(yǔ), 表示長(zhǎng)度
考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)
名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),之后不能再接賓語(yǔ),這一缺陷可由動(dòng)名詞彌補(bǔ)。
如:before doing the job , after getting back
改錯(cuò)題中常把應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的地方誤用為名詞或不定式,需留心陷阱
例題:
(1)
The Conestoga wagon, used for to carry heavy loads over long distances, originatedaround 1725 in a region of Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga Indians.
應(yīng)改為:carrying.
解釋?zhuān)翰欢ㄊ讲荒茏鱢or的賓語(yǔ), 改為動(dòng)名詞即可
(2)
Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae ----harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.
(A) does not
(B) but does no
(C) except
(D) without
答案:D
解釋?zhuān)篽arming 是動(dòng)名詞形式, 因此要求前面的詞是介詞或可接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞. A B 可首先排除; C 雖是介詞, 但與句意不符.
(3) Mary Ann Hardy was known for her skill to paint miniature watercolor portraits on ivory.
應(yīng)改為:in painting
解釋?zhuān)汉笾枚ㄕZ(yǔ)修飾名詞,什么方面的技能,不能用不定式。