考點三 名詞(詞組)作同位語
同位語主要由名詞詞組充當(dāng), 對其前面的名詞或代詞作補充說明,
I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town.
例題:
(1)
In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts.
(A) that institutes
(B) while instituted
(C) was an institution
(D) an institute
答案: (D)
解釋: 空白前的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整, 空格后的結(jié)構(gòu)和賓語的很相似, (D)為名詞詞組, 構(gòu)成賓語的同位語
(2)
Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century.
(A) is the great modern choreographer
(B) one of the great modern choreographers
(C) that the great modern choreographers
(D) the modern choreographers were great
答案:B
解釋:此句主謂俱全, 空格設(shè)在主語和謂語之間, 且兩端都有逗號, 推知缺少的是主語的同位語, B是名詞詞組, 可以勝任;A D中的動詞與原句謂語沖突; C 不是完整的同位語從句
考點四 名詞(詞組)作定語
名詞修飾名詞作定語的現(xiàn)象在英語中也屢見不鮮, 此時前面的名詞相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用, 只是依英語習(xí)慣決定究竟用名詞還是形容詞作定語, TOEFL有少量題涉及這一問題
這樣的詞語有:word order(詞序), taxi driver(出租車司機)等
例題:
(1)
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, is a prosperous trading and distribute center.
應(yīng)改為: distribution/ distributing.
解釋: 動詞distribute不能修飾名詞center,可改用名詞或分詞, 但此題中名詞distribution作定語更符合英文習(xí)慣
(2)
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects.
應(yīng)改為: color
解釋: 此處名詞color作effects的定語無需用復(fù)數(shù), 意為色彩效果