英譯漢

Passage 1

（1）The types of daydreams，whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles：positive，negative and scattere，American Health reports. Although everyone lapses occasionally into each of these types，positive daydreams are more likely to imagine happy，playful or entertaining scenarios.（2）Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life's darker side imagining dangerous and/or life threatening situations，such as the appearance of a fatal or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence. Scattered daydreamers are easily bored and distracted."Their mental images tend to be fleeting，repetitive and shallow，like variations on the same fairy tales，"explains Yale psychologist Ron Tower.

（3）While all three types are common，positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springboards（跳板）for problem solving，while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious. Negative daydreamers are waiting for the other shoe "to fall."Their imaginations are often guilt-ridden or obsessive. There are times when drifting away can cause problems，according to Bolin."If daydreaming gets in the way of daily function because the person is doing it all day，the person won't be very productive，"she says，"The amount of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is what's important. It should not take up all of your time.（4）If people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive（過多的），they should take a realistic look at what's going on in their life and ask themselves what they are trying to avoid. Then they can assess what steps they need to take to correct the situation."（Anyone who has a hard tme discriminating between reality and imagination or starts replacing real life family and friends with imagined people should seek professional help.）（5）Professor Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams to the average person："by sitting quietly and letting your daydreams emerge instead of squelching（抑制）them，you may find there are parts of yourself you haven't been listening to. Instead of fearing them，you'll gain access to tremendous range of interesting，creative ideas."

Passage 2

In the 1990s，people are very aware of how bad things are. As a result，they completely ignore information about new developments and crises to prevent themselves from going "crazy".Today's leaders should therefor provide people with a sense that current problems are soluble（可以解決的）. We need to break large-scale crises down to small manageable pieces rather than cause people to believe that the situation is even more complex and difficult that they thought. People need to believe that they can really do something within their own situation，and to do this，they must recognize that it is in their self-interest to change their behavior.

英譯漢答案及解析

Passage1

（1）《美國(guó)健康》雜志報(bào)道說：人們的白日夢(mèng)類型在童年時(shí)代就已經(jīng)形成，不管是令人愉悅的、充滿希望的、還是充滿絕望的，在童年時(shí)代每個(gè)人就形成了三種基本白日夢(mèng)類型中的一種，即：積極型的、消積型的或零散型的。

（2）消積型的白日夢(mèng)者總是想象著生活中比較陰暗的方面，想象著危險(xiǎn)的和（或者）威脅生命的情景，諸如出現(xiàn)一種致命的或使人衰竭的疾病，或是自己成了暴力的受害者。

（3）這三種白日夢(mèng)類型都很常見，積極型的幻想最有可能作為解決問題的跳板，而消積型和零散型的白日夢(mèng)可能會(huì)使人感到焦慮不安。

（4）如果人們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的白日夢(mèng)過多了，那他們就要現(xiàn)實(shí)地看待他們生活中正在發(fā)生的事情，并問問自己他們是在力圖逃避什么。

（5）辛格教授總結(jié)了白日夢(mèng)對(duì)普通人的益處：靜靜地坐在那里，讓你的白日夢(mèng)浮現(xiàn)出來，而不是抑制它們，你就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)你尚未注意到的、自身內(nèi)心活動(dòng)的那些部分。

Passage2

在20世紀(jì)90年代，人們都非常清楚事情是那么糟糕。因此，他們對(duì)有關(guān)新的發(fā)展和危機(jī)的信息一概不予理睬，以免自己會(huì)"發(fā)狂"。因此，如今的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)當(dāng)向人們灌輸當(dāng)前的問題是可以解決的這樣一種意識(shí)。我們需要把大規(guī)模的危機(jī)分解為可處理的若干部分，而不要使人們認(rèn)為，情況比他們想象的還要復(fù)雜和困難得多。人們應(yīng)當(dāng)相信，在他們自己的活動(dòng)范圍內(nèi)，他們的確是能夠有所作為的；為了達(dá)到這一目的，他們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到，改變他們的行為方式，正是他們自身利益之所在。