你來(lái)我往價(jià)格戰(zhàn) Buy and Sell
Robert回公司呈報(bào)Dan的提案后,老板很滿意對(duì)方的采購(gòu)計(jì)劃;但在折扣方面則希望Robert能繼續(xù)維持強(qiáng)硬的態(tài)度,盡量探出對(duì)方的底限。就在這七上八下的價(jià)格翹翹板上,雙方是否能找到彼此的平衡點(diǎn)呢?請(qǐng)看下面分解:
英文正文
Robert: Even with volume sales, our costs for the Exec-U-Ciser won't go down much.
Dan: Just what are you proposing?
Robert: We could take a cut on the price. But 25% would slash our profit margin. We suggest a compromise - 10%.
Dan: That's a big change from 25! 10 is beyond my negotiating limit. Any other ideas?
Robert: I don't think I can change it right now. Why don't we talk again tomorrow?
Dan: Sure. I must talk to my office anyway. I hope we can find some common ground on this. (next day) Robert, I've been instructed to reject the numbers you proposed; but we can try to come up with something else.
Robert: I hope so, Dan. My instructions are to negotiate hard on this deal - but I'm trying very hard to reach some middle ground.
Dan: I understand. We propose a structured deal. For the first six months, we get a discount of 20%, and the next six months we get 15%.
Robert: Dan, I can't bring those numbers back to my office - they'll turn it down flat.
Dan: Then you'll have to think of something better, Robert.
中文翻譯
R: 即使是大量銷售,我們的‘健你樂(lè)’生產(chǎn)成本仍然無(wú)法降低太多。
D: 那你的建議是…?
R: 敝公司可以降價(jià)。但是七五折會(huì)過(guò)度削低我們的毛利。我們建議雙方各讓一步-九折。
D: 那跟七五折差太多了!九折實(shí)在超出我的談判限度。有其它方案嗎?
R: 我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)辦法決定。這樣吧,我們何不明天再談?
D: 可以。反正我也得和公司方面討論一下。希望我們能夠達(dá)成共同協(xié)議。
R: (次日)Robert,奉上頭指示,我得否決你所提的折扣,但我們還是可以找出其它可行的辦法。
D: 希望如此,Dan。上面指示我要強(qiáng)硬地談這筆生意--但我一直想達(dá)成折衷的方案。
R: 我了解。那么我們提議階段式的協(xié)議。前半年先給我們八折,后半年,則打八五折。
D: 我沒(méi)辦法向公司報(bào)告這樣的數(shù)字--他們一定會(huì)打回票的。
R: 那你就得想出更好的法子啰!
短語(yǔ)解說(shuō)
take a cut 接受削減
"take"在此解釋為‘接受、選擇’,等于accept";cut"在此作名詞,意思是‘削減、刪除’,引申為‘殺價(jià)’。
We need everyone to take a cut in his salary, or else the company will have to choose some people to let go.
我們需要大家接受減薪,否則公司只好解雇一些人了。
profit margin 毛利
"profit"是‘利潤(rùn)’;"margin"原義是‘邊緣’;"profit margin"可指銷售所得利潤(rùn)與價(jià)格之間的比例關(guān)系;亦可指售價(jià)減去成本或進(jìn)價(jià)的數(shù)額。
The profit margin on fruit and vegetables is lower than last year.
今年蔬果的毛利率比去年低。
common ground 相同意見(jiàn)、興趣
"common"為‘共同’;"ground"是‘場(chǎng)地;土地’。"common ground"原指古歐洲民族用來(lái)畜牧的公共用地,演變至今則引申為‘彼此都同意的事情’。
When it comes to income agreements, we're on common ground.
就收入方面的協(xié)議而言,我們持有相同的意見(jiàn)。
reach some middle ground 達(dá)成折衷;互相協(xié)調(diào)
"reach",‘到達(dá);抵’之意;"middle"為‘中間的’。"reach some middle ground"原指兩方交戰(zhàn),遙遙相望,唯待雙方抵達(dá)中央交會(huì)處,才能進(jìn)行協(xié)商,引申為‘折衷協(xié)調(diào)’。
Your demand is too high, but if we can reach some middle ground we might have a deal.
你的要求太高了,不過(guò),如果我們能達(dá)成折衷,或許可以成交。
structured deal 階段式的協(xié)議合約
所謂"structured deal"是指合約預(yù)定幾個(gè)階段,價(jià)格或訂貨條件會(huì)因階段而變動(dòng);與"simple deal"--‘單一合同’不同,因"simple deal"可能只規(guī)定一種價(jià)格。
We offered the agent a structured deal to make it easier for him to agree.
我們向經(jīng)銷商提議階段式的合約,好讓他能欣然同意。
turn (something / someone) down flat 斷然拒絕
"turn down" 這個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組有‘拒絕’的意思;"flat" 在這里是副詞,為‘絕對(duì)地、斷然地’之意,是加重語(yǔ)氣的字。
When he asked us to pay cash, we turned him down flat.
當(dāng)他要我們付現(xiàn)金時(shí),我們就直截了當(dāng)?shù)鼐芙^。
句型總結(jié)
● 巧妙否決
1. We suggest a compromise -- 10%.
2. We propose an alternative -- 10%.
3. We have another possibility -- 10%.
4. We suggest another approach -- 10%.
談判進(jìn)行中,如果有意修改對(duì)方的提案,可技巧地使用:"we suggest a (compromise)..."‘我們建議一項(xiàng)(折衷)…’
使用這句話的好處是避免當(dāng)面斬釘截鐵地拒絕對(duì)方,而且還可提出另一個(gè)提議來(lái)試探對(duì)方;因此這個(gè)句型不但有降低現(xiàn)場(chǎng)火藥味的作用,也可藉此表達(dá)新的意見(jiàn),十分有利于雙方進(jìn)行磋商。它的語(yǔ)言技巧即在表達(dá)‘否定’時(shí)沒(méi)有用到‘不’這樣的字眼。
● 超出限度
1. 10 is beyond my negotiating limit.
2. 10 is outside where I can go.
3. 10 is beyond the limits of what I can discuss.
4. 10 is not acceptable to me.
"...is beyond my negotiating limit."‘…超出我的談判限度’。
此句型的主詞就是對(duì)方所提的條件。這句話明白告知對(duì)方,其提案超出己方設(shè)有的底限或自己的權(quán)限,若一味強(qiáng)求,可能造成談判破裂。這種表達(dá)否決意味的句子,語(yǔ)氣堅(jiān)定卻不失禮貌。
● 上級(jí)指示
1. My instructions are to negotiate hard on this deal.
2. I've been instructed to negotiate hard on this deal.
3. I've been told to negotiate hard on this deal.
4. I'm obliged to negotiate hard on this deal.
對(duì)話中,有兩個(gè)表示自己乃銜命而來(lái)的句型,第一個(gè)是Dan說(shuō)的:"I've been instructed to..."。另一個(gè)是Robert說(shuō)的:"My instructions are to..."。
這兩個(gè)句型均適用于正式場(chǎng)合,語(yǔ)氣直截了當(dāng);一來(lái)傳遞上級(jí)的指示,二來(lái)劃定談判的界限。不僅請(qǐng)對(duì)方諒解自己權(quán)力有限的難處,并且抬出背后上司作護(hù)身符,借此保護(hù)自己不致成為對(duì)方攻擊的箭靶。
特別提示
Robert對(duì)于Dan的談判。時(shí)而動(dòng)之以情,時(shí)而曉之以理。這一切的虛虛實(shí)實(shí),無(wú)非是希望能與對(duì)方達(dá)成折衷方案、完成交易。以下兩則談判技巧供需要注意:
A. 如何利用‘人稱代名詞’博取對(duì)方的好感
傳遞消息時(shí),不要忘了隨著消息的好壞,改變?nèi)朔Q的使用。說(shuō)壞消息時(shí),利用"we"或"our"表示站在公司立場(chǎng),或暗示這是公司的決定,而非個(gè)人意思。例如文中Robert說(shuō):"Our costs... Won't go down..."及"...would slash our profit margin."。再不然就抬出一個(gè)不在場(chǎng)的上司,表示奉命如此,請(qǐng)對(duì)方見(jiàn)諒自己的不得已。在說(shuō)好消息或答應(yīng)條件時(shí),則盡量使用"I"或"my",以拉近彼此距離,加強(qiáng)對(duì)方的好感,利于日后關(guān)系的發(fā)展。
B. 如何推測(cè)對(duì)方已到談判的底限
盡管雙方在談判的過(guò)程中,會(huì)不時(shí)地嚷嚷‘這已經(jīng)是價(jià)格的底限了’,其實(shí)通常都只是做做樣子而已。經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談是當(dāng)對(duì)方逐漸降低要求幅度時(shí),就是快到價(jià)格底限的征兆了。請(qǐng)注意對(duì)方要求的幅度,當(dāng)其逐漸降低到你心目中理想價(jià)格的邊緣時(shí),則離底限雖不中亦不遠(yuǎn)矣!