復(fù)合句是TOEEL考題的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因而連接主句和從句的連接詞就成為重要的命題焦點。TOEEL�？嫉膹膶龠B詞分三類：（1）關(guān)系代詞( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 關(guān)系副詞（where when why how) (3) 狀語從句連接詞 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有關(guān)從屬連詞的試題大部分集中在Structure (1-15題中) 掌握命題規(guī)律，這類題目并不復(fù)雜。從屬連詞�？碱}型及解題要點
　　1. 主句與從句之間必須有從屬連詞
　　全真例題分析
　　(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.
　　(A) traps
　　(B) trap its
　　(C) which traps
　　(D) which it traps (92.1)
　　[答案] C 定語從句關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句，且在從句中作主語。
　　(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.
　　(A) there
　　(B) wherever
　　(C) somewhere
　　(D) then (92.5)
　　[答案] B 空格前后為兩個完整的句子，這里應(yīng)填入連接詞聯(lián)系主從兩句。四個選擇只有wherever是連詞，引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。
　　(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.
　　(A) him
　　(B) although
　　(C) or
　　(D) who (92.10)
　　[答案] D 關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句，并作從句的主語。
　　(4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
　　(A) A volcano erupts
　　(B) A volcano whether erupts
　　(C) A volcano erupts it
　　(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)
　　[答案] D 從屬連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。
　　2. 關(guān)系代詞 who與which混淆錯用
　　解題要點：在written Expression (16-40題）中的四個選擇答案中出現(xiàn)who 或者which，應(yīng)確認它所指代的是人還是物。
　　全直例題分析
　　(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)
　　[答案] C 關(guān)系代詞who指代的是sea，因此應(yīng)用指物的which或that。
　　(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
　　[答案] B 關(guān)系代詞which指代前面的persons，應(yīng)改為人稱關(guān)系代詞who。
　　(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)
　　[答案] D 關(guān)系代詞who指代雜志the woman*s Advocate,故應(yīng)改為which。
　　(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)
　　[答案] B 關(guān)系代詞who指代前文的questions of law，故應(yīng)改為which或that。
　　3. 介詞＋關(guān)系代詞which結(jié)構(gòu)
　　解題要點 介詞＋which作用相當(dāng)于一個關(guān)系副詞，在從句作狀語�？杀硎緯r間（＝when) ,地點(= where) ，原因（＝why）等等。
　　全真例題分析
　　(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.
　　(A) is which
　　(B) on which
　　(C) which is on
　　(D) on it (91.1)
　　[答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相當(dāng)于一個表示地點的關(guān)系副詞。
　　(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.
　　(A) through it
　　(B) through which
　　(C) that is through
　　(D) there goes through (93.3)
　　[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相當(dāng)于一個關(guān)系副詞，而介詞through才能準確地表達句子的含義。
　　(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.
　　(A) which
　　(B) which in
　　(C) in which
　　(D) in (90.5)
　　[答案] C in which = where
　　(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.
　　(A) they were for
　　(B) for they were
　　(C) which were they
　　(D) for which they were (93.10)
　　[答案] D for which指代for the purpose。

　　4. What 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
　　解題要點：what兼先行詞和關(guān)系代詞雙重身份，即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生應(yīng)特別注意，what既已包含先行詞在內(nèi)，它的前面就不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)先行中心名詞。What 與that 的區(qū)分是TOEEL�？碱}目
　　全真例題分析
　　(1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ------- is now Indiana and Ohio.
　　(A) there
　　(B) where
　　(C) that
　　(D) what (93.5)
　　[答案] D what = the area that。What所指代的是地點、位置。然而，此句卻不可選擇（B）where。因為關(guān)系副詞where不能作從句的主語。只有what即是先行詞又是關(guān)系代詞。
　　(2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ------- best in its climate and soil.
　　(A) it grows
　　(B) what grows
　　(C) does it grow
　　(D) what does grow (90.1)
　　[答案] B what grows = the thing that grows…另請注意：介詞后面通常不能接that引導(dǎo)的從句，但可接what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
　　(3) A hinge joint is ------- permits the forward and backward movement of a door.
　　(A) the
　　(B) what
　　(C) those
　　(D) whose (88.10)
　　[答案] B what = the thing that…
　　(4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality.
　　(A) what it is conceived
　　(B) that is conceived
　　(C) what is conceived to be
　　(D) that is being conceived of (89.5)
　　[答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案（A）中的代詞it是多余的，因為what本身即已包含了先行詞（the thing ) 和關(guān)系代詞(that) 。答案（B）中的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的從句不可以置于介詞的后面。
　　(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10
　　[答案] B what應(yīng)改為that。此句已含有先行詞food，不能再用關(guān)系代詞what。
　　5. 主句和從句
　　解題要點 主語從句是TOEEL常考而中國考生又較陌生英文文法結(jié)構(gòu)。有關(guān)主語從句的命題幾乎全部集中在structure (1-15題）中。主語從句的特點是讀起來有種頭重腳輕的感覺，而且有兩個謂語動詞。連詞That 引導(dǎo)的主語從句應(yīng)特別留意。因為That 在句中沒有任何意義，它只具有引導(dǎo)出主語從句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。
　　全真例題分析
　　(1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
　　(A) For
　　(B) It was
　　(C) That
　　(D) While (91.1)
　　[答案] C That引導(dǎo)的主語從句。其中第一個謂語動詞could from 是從句的謂語，第二個系動was是主句的謂語。
　　(2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.
　　(A) Danger can be
　　(B) They can be dangerous
　　(C) What can be dangerous
　　(D) While danger (93.1)
　　[答案] C what引導(dǎo)的主語從句。What既是從句的連詞，又是從句的主語。
　　(3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research.
　　(A) Did the continents originate
　　(B) How did the continents originate
　　(C) Have the continents originated
　　(D) How the continents originated (91.1)
　　[答案] D How 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
　　(4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.
　　(A) Technological
　　(B) That technological
　　(C)Although technological
　　(D)There is technological
　　[答案] B. That 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，當(dāng)連續(xù)讀到兩個謂語動詞(e.g. Helps…is)，而空格在句首，應(yīng)首先考慮主語從句。這是主語從句典型的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。