A 由when連接的從句
　　一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作緊接另一動(dòng)作時(shí)：
　　He called her a liar．
　　他罵她撒謊。
　　She smacked his face．
　　她打了他一個(gè)耳光。
　　可以用when把這兩個(gè)一般過去時(shí)的句子連接起來。連接的條件是，從意思上可以明顯看出后一動(dòng)作跟隨前一動(dòng)作，二者并不是同時(shí)發(fā)生的：
　　When he called her a liar she smacked his face．
　　他罵她撒謊時(shí)，她打了他一個(gè)耳光。
　　兩個(gè)過去時(shí)這樣用時(shí)，通常存在這樣的概念：第一個(gè)動(dòng)作導(dǎo)致第二個(gè)動(dòng)作，而后者是緊接前者發(fā)生的：
　　When he opened the window the bird flew out．
　　他一打開窗戶鳥就飛出去了。
　　When the play ended the audience went home．
　　劇結(jié)束后，觀眾就回家了。
　　When he died he was given a state funeral．
　　他去世后，為他舉行了國葬。
　　過去完成時(shí)用于when之后，是為了避免使用兩個(gè)一般過去時(shí)可能給人造成兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的印象：
　　When he had shut the window we opened the door of the cage．
　　他關(guān)了窗戶之后，我們把籠門打開了。（我們等他關(guān)緊了窗戶才打開籠門。）
　　When she had sung her song she sat down．
　　她唱完歌之后坐了下來。（如寫成 When she sang her song she satdown，可能造成她是坐著唱歌的印象。）
　　When he had seen all the pictures he said he was ready to leave．
　　他看了所有的畫之后說他要走了。（在他看完畫之后……）試和下句相比較：
　　When he saw all the pictures he expressed amazement that one manshould have painted so many．
　　他看見所有的畫時(shí)，表示十分驚奇，一個(gè)人竟然畫了這么多畫。（他一看見畫就這么說。）
　　過去完成時(shí)同樣可以與as soon as，the moment，immediately連用。（關(guān)于as作為表示時(shí)間的連詞的用法，參見第332節(jié)。）
　　B 過去完成時(shí)可以與till/until和before連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作結(jié)束或預(yù)期將結(jié)束，但要注意在till/until＋過去完成時(shí)＋一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作可以位于表示過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作之前，而在before＋過去完成時(shí)＋一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中表示一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作總是位于表示過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作之前：
　　He refused to go till he had seen all the pictures．
　　他在看完所有的畫之后才同意走。
　　He did not wait till we had finished our meal．
　　他沒等到我們吃完飯就走了。
　　Before we had finished our meal he ordered us back to work．
　　沒等我們吃完飯，他就命令我們回去干活。
　　Before we had walked ten miles he complained of sore feet．
　　我們還沒走出十英里路，他就抱怨腳痛了。
　　也可以在表示時(shí)間的從句中和主句中都用過去完成時(shí)：
　　It was a very expensive town．Before we had been here a week we hadspent all our money．
　　那是一個(gè)物價(jià)很貴的地方。我們到這兒還不到一星期，就花光了所有的錢。
　　C 在after之后一般用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)：
　　After the will had been read there were angry exclamations．
　　遺囑宣讀完之后，激起了一片憤怒的?時(shí)刻回顧更為過去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用過去完成時(shí)。如果有兩個(gè)這樣的動(dòng)作：He had beento school but he had learnt nothing there，so was now illiterate（他上過學(xué)但什么也沒學(xué)到，因此現(xiàn)在還是個(gè)文盲），而又想用時(shí)間連詞把它們連接起來，就可以用when等連詞連接兩個(gè)過去完成時(shí)：
　　When he had been at school he had learnt nothing，so he was now illiter－ate．
　　他上學(xué)的時(shí)候什么也沒學(xué)到，所以現(xiàn)在還是個(gè)文盲。
　　但更常見的情況是，這里時(shí)間從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)：
　　When he was at school he had learnt nothing，
　�。ㄗg文同上。）
　　類似的例句還有：
　　He had stayed in his father’s firm till his father died．Then he had startedhis own business and was now a very successful man．
　　他在父親的公司里一直呆到父親去世。之后他便自己開業(yè)，其時(shí)已成為一個(gè)事業(yè)有成的商人。
　　E 表示認(rèn)識(shí)、理解等的動(dòng)詞一般在時(shí)間從句中不用過去完成時(shí)，除非有時(shí)間修飾：
　　When she had known me for a year she invited me to tea．
　　她認(rèn)識(shí)了我一年之后，邀請(qǐng)我吃茶點(diǎn)。
　　When I knew the work of one department thoroughly I was moved to thenext department．
　　在我完全熟悉了一個(gè)部門的工作之后，又被調(diào)到另一部門。相當(dāng)于：
　　As soon as I knew…
　　試與下句比較：
　　When I had learnt the work of one department I was moved．
　　我學(xué)會(huì)一個(gè)部門的工作之后，就被調(diào)走了。