你怎能買賣天空和土地？這樣的想法對(duì)我們來說是太奇怪了。如果我們不能擁有空氣的清新和水的晶瑩，你又怎麼能買到這些？對(duì)我們的民族來說，大地的每一部份都是神聖的。每一根松針、每一個(gè)沙岸、夜晚樹林裡的每一滴露水、每一隻嗡嗡響的昆蟲，對(duì)我們的民族在記憶與經(jīng)驗(yàn)中都是神聖的。樹木裡流動(dòng)的汁液都夾帶著紅人（印地安人）的記憶。

    How can you buy or sell the sky， the warmth of the land？ The idea is strange to us.

    If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water， how can you buy them？

    Every part of this earth is sacred to my people. Every shining pine needle， every sandy shore， every mist in the dark woods， every clearing and humming insect is holy in the memory and experience of my people. The sap which courses through the trees carries the memories of the red man.

    The white man's dead forget the country of their birth when they go to walk among the stars. Our dead never forget this beautiful earth， for it is the mother of the red man. We are part of the earth and it is part of us. The perfumed flowers are our sisters； the deer， the horse， the great eagle， these are our brothers.

    The rocky crests， the juices in the meadows， the body heat of the pony， and man——all belong to the same family.

    So， when the Great Chief in Washington sends word that he wishes to buy our land， he asks much of us. The Great Chief sends word he will reserve us a place so that we can live comfortably to ourselves. He will be our father and we will be his children.

    So we will consider your offer to buy our land. But it will not be easy. For this land is sacred to us. This shining water that moves in the streams and rivers is not just water but the blood of our ancestors. If we sell you land， you must remember that it is sacred， and you must teach your children that it is sacred and that each ghostly reflection in the clear water of the lakes tells of events and memories in the life of my people. The water's murmur is the voice of my father's father.

    The rivers are our brothers； they quench our thirst. The rivers carry our canoes， and feed our children. If we sell you our land， you must remember， and teach your children， that the rivers are our brothers and yours， and you must henceforth give the rivers the kindness you would give any brother.

    We know that the white man does not understand our ways. One portion of land is the same to him as the next， for he is a stranger who comes in the night and takes from the land whatever he needs. The earth is not his brother， but his enemy， and when he has conquered it， he moves on. He leaves his father's grave behind， and he does not care. His father's grave and his children's birthright are forgotten. He treats his mother， the earth， and his brother， the sky， as things to be bought， plundered， sold like sheep or bright beads. His appetite will devour the earth and leave behind only a desert.

    I do not know. Our ways are different from your ways. The sight of your cities pains the eyes of the red man. There is no quiet place in the white man's cities. No place to hear the unfurling of leaves in spring or the rustle of the insect's wings. The clatter only seems to insult the ears. And what is there to life if a man cannot hear the lonely cry of the whippoorwill[5wippuEwil]

    or the arguments of the frogs around the pond at night？ I am a red man and do not understand. The Indian prefers the soft sound of the wind itself， cleansed by a midday rain， or scented with pinon pine.

    The air is precious to the red man for all things share the same breath. The white man does not seem to notice the air he breathes.

    Like a man dying for many days he is numb to the stench. But if we sell you our land， you must remember that the air is precious to us， that the air shares its spirit with all the life it supports.

    The wind that gave our grandfather his first breath also receives his last sigh. And if we sell you our land， you must keep it apart and sacred as a place where even the white man can go to taste the wind that is sweetened by the meadow's flowers.

    You must teach your children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes of our grandfathers. So that they will respect the land， tell your children that the earth is rich with the lives of our kin. Teach your children that we have taught our children that the earth is our mother. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth. If men spit upon the ground， they spit upon themselves.

    This we know： the earth does not belong to man； man belongs to the earth. All things are connected. We may be brothers after all. We shall see. One thing we know which the white man may one day discover： our God is the same God.

    You may think now that you own Him as you wish to own our land； but you cannot. He is the God of man， and His compassion is equal for the red man and the white. This earth is precious to Him； and to harm the earth is to heap contempt on its creator. The whites too shall pass； perhaps sooner than all other tribes. Contaminate your bed and you will one night suffocate in your own waste.

    But in your perishing you will shine brightly fired by the strength of the God who brought you to this land and for some special purpose gave you dominion over this land and over the red man.

    That destiny is a mystery to us， for we do not understand when the buffalo are all slaughtered， the wild horses are tame， the secret corners of the forest heavy with scent of many men and the view of the ripe hills blotted by talking wires.

    Where is the thicket？ Gone. Where is the eagle？ Gone.

    The end of living and the beginning of survival.

    你怎能買賣天空和土地？這樣的想法對(duì)我們來說是太奇怪了。如果我們不能擁有空氣的清新和水的晶瑩，你又怎麼能買到這些？對(duì)我們的民族來說，大地的每一部份都是神聖的。每一根松針、每一個(gè)沙岸、夜晚樹林裡的每一滴露水、每一隻嗡嗡響的昆蟲，對(duì)我們的民族在記憶與經(jīng)驗(yàn)中都是神聖的。樹木裡流動(dòng)的汁液都夾帶著紅人（印地安人）的記憶。

    白人死了以後就忘了他們出生的地方，魂魄走到天上的星星之間.我們的族人死了以後從不忘記這個(gè)美麗的大地，因?yàn)榇蟮厥羌t人的母親.我們是大地的一部分，大地也是我們的一部分。芬芳的花朵是我們的姊妹，鹿、馬和禿鷹是我們的兄弟。山峰、草的汁液、小馬的體溫，還有人都是同一個(gè)家庭。

    所以當(dāng)在華盛頓的大統(tǒng)領(lǐng)送來信息說他想要買我們的土地，他是對(duì)我們要的太多了。這個(gè)白人的大統(tǒng)領(lǐng)傳來信息說他會(huì)保留一塊土地給我們過舒服的生活，他會(huì)像父親一樣的照顧我們。

    所以我們會(huì)考慮你們買土地的提議，但是這不是個(gè)容易的決定。因?yàn)檫@塊地對(duì)我們來說是神聖的。河川裡閃亮的流水並不只是水，而是我們祖先的血。

    如果我們把地賣給你們，你們必須記得這塊地是神聖的，而且你們必須教導(dǎo)你們的孩子們那是神聖的，而且河裡的每一個(gè)閃光都是在訴說我們民族生命中的某一件事。潺潺的水聲是我們祖先的聲音。

    我們兄弟的河流解了我們的渴，河流載送我們的獨(dú)木舟而且餵養(yǎng)了我們的孩子。如果我們把地賣給你們，你們要記得教你們的孩子說河流是我們的兄弟，而你們也必須像對(duì)待我們的兄弟一樣善待河流。

    我們知道白人不瞭解我們的方式。每一塊地對(duì)他（白人）來說都是一樣的。對(duì)他而言，他只是一個(gè)陌生人，從土地拿走他想要的任何東西。土地不是他的兄弟，而是敵人。當(dāng)他征服了這個(gè)敵人，他就繼續(xù)去征服下一個(gè)。他把他父親的墳?zāi)箒G在後面，而且不在乎。他把大地從他的孩子手上綁架去了，而且他不在乎。他父親的墳?zāi)购退�的孩子出生的�?quán)力都被遺忘了。

    我不知道。我們的方式和你們不同。你們都市的景象讓我們紅人看了刺眼。但也許因?yàn)榧t人是野蠻人而且不瞭解你們。在白人的城市裡找不到一個(gè)安靜的地方。沒有地方可以聽春天樹葉飄動(dòng)的聲音、或是昆蟲翅膀拍動(dòng)的聲音。但也許是因?yàn)槲沂且靶U人而且不瞭解你們。嘈雜的聲音只會(huì)傷害耳朵。而且如果一個(gè)人不能聽到夜鷹孤單的叫聲，或夜晚青蛙在池畔的辯論，那麼生活中還有什麼意思呢？我是一個(gè)紅人而且不瞭解你們。印地安人喜歡夜晚柔軟的風(fēng)聲疾飛過河面，也喜歡風(fēng)本身的味道，在日間的雨裡清洗過後的風(fēng)的原味，或是混雜了松樹的香味。

    空氣對(duì)紅人是珍貴的，因?yàn)槿f物都分享同樣的呼吸，野獸、樹木、人都分享同樣的呼吸。白人似乎沒注意到他呼吸的空氣。像是已經(jīng)死去數(shù)日的人，他對(duì)惡臭已經(jīng)麻木了。但是如果我們把地賣給你，你必須要記住空氣對(duì)我們是珍貴的，空氣和依靠空氣生存的萬物分享一樣的精神。

    帶給我們祖父第一次呼吸的風(fēng)也帶給他最後一口氣。但如果我們把地賣給你，你必須要把它和其他的地分開而且讓它保持神聖，讓這個(gè)地方連白人都可以去品嚐風(fēng)經(jīng)過草地上的花後的甜美味道。所以我們會(huì)考慮你買地的提議.

    如果我們決定接受，我會(huì)有一個(gè)條件─白人要像對(duì)待兄弟一樣的對(duì)待這塊土地上的野獸.我是一個(gè)野蠻人而且我不瞭解任何其它的方式。我曾經(jīng)看過草原上有成千的野牛腐屍，都是被白人從火車上射殺的。我是一個(gè)野蠻人而且我不瞭解為什麼冒煙的鐵馬會(huì)比我們?cè)诒仨氁�賴以維生才會(huì)殺的野牛還重要。人如果沒有這些野獸怎麼辦？如果野獸都沒了，人就會(huì)因?yàn)榫�神的寂寞而��。發(fā)生在野獸身上的任何事也會(huì)很快就發(fā)生在人身上。萬物都是相關(guān)的。

    你必須教導(dǎo)你的孩子們他們腳下的土地是我們祖先的灰燼.所以他們會(huì)尊敬這塊土地，告訴他們大地富含著我們親人的生命。告訴你們的孩子我們已經(jīng)教導(dǎo)我們的孩子大地是我們的母親.任何發(fā)生在大地上的事也會(huì)發(fā)生在大地的孩子身上。如果人對(duì)地上吐口水，他們就是對(duì)自己吐口水。

    我們知道大地不屬於人，人屬於大地。這是我們確知的。萬物都是相關(guān)聯(lián)的，像血緣連結(jié)家庭一樣。萬物都是相連的。任何發(fā)生在大地上的事也會(huì)發(fā)生在大地的孩子身上。生命之網(wǎng)並不是人織出來的，人只是網(wǎng)裡的一條線。他對(duì)生命之網(wǎng)所做的任何事都會(huì)回到他自己身上。即使是白人，雖然他們的上帝跟他們像朋友一樣一起行走交談，他們還是不能免除共同的命運(yùn).我們終究都是兄弟。我們會(huì)看到。我們確信白人終有一天會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的神和他們的神是同一個(gè)。

    你們現(xiàn)在可能認(rèn)為你們擁有神，就像你們想擁有我們的土地一樣，但是你們是做不到的。神是所有人的神，而神對(duì)紅人和白人的愛是平等的。大地對(duì)神是珍貴的，傷害大地就是冒犯神。白人也會(huì)消失，也許會(huì)比任何其它族都快。污染你自己的床，你就終將有一晚會(huì)窒息在你自己的垃圾裡.但是在你死時(shí)你會(huì)光芒閃亮，由上帝的力量引燃光芒，也是這個(gè)力量把你帶到這片土地，而且因?yàn)槟撤N原因賦予你統(tǒng)治這塊土地和紅人的權(quán)力。這樣的命運(yùn)對(duì)我們是個(gè)謎，因?yàn)槲覀儾徊t解野牛為何被屠殺、野馬被馴服、森林的神聖角落充滿人的氣味、山丘上的景致被通話的纜線玷污。

    灌木林到哪裡去了？消失了。

    禿鷹到哪裡去了？消失了。

    生活結(jié)束了，掙扎開始了。