第四節(jié) 助動詞
助動詞沒有獨立的語義,主要作用是協(xié)助謂語動詞表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)或構成疑問式、否定式等
助動詞和情態(tài)動詞的共同特點是需要和其他動詞搭配使用才有意義,而且句子的否定式和疑問式都可通過這兩類詞體現
一、have/has (現在完成時), had (過去完成時)
這組助動詞主要用來構成完成時態(tài),形式為:have /has /had + 過去分詞
如:I haven’t seen you for ages.
She had mentioned this before.
二、be
be本身可作謂語動詞,但在進行時中它是助動詞,與現在分詞搭配使用,缺一不可
如:She’s watching a football match.
He’s looking for his favorite pet.
此外,be和過去分詞搭配構成被動語態(tài)
如:The vicar was killed in a car accident.
三、do/does (一般現在時), did (一般過去時)
此組助動詞用于構成疑問式或否定式
如:He doesn’t feel like smoking at the moment.
Did you meet the manager this morning?
四、will, shall, would
此組助動詞用于構成將來時
如:He won’t be able to see you until an hour later.
Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon.
例題:
(1)
The colors of a rainbow ---- arranged in the same order.
(A) which are always
(B) and they are always
(C) always
(D) are always
答案:D
解釋:空格前是句子的主語,之后是過去分詞短語,空格處需要補全句子的謂語,A使原句只有從句無主句;B并列句的前一個分句無謂語;arrange與color是被動關系,C是主動式,可排除;只有D助動詞are恰好與arranged構成句子的謂語