1) 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí),可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨狀況.通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句;表示方式或伴隨狀況的可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語從句.例如:
　　Confined to bed (= Because she was confined to bed), she needed to be waited on in everything.
　　她臥病在床,什么事都需要人伺候.(作原因狀語)
Having only book knowledge (= If you only have book knowledge), you will not be
　　able to work well.
　　如果只有書本知識(shí),你就不可能做好工作.(作條件狀語)
　　They stood there waiting for the bus. (=They stood there and waited for the bus.)
　　他們站在那里等公共汽車.(作方式狀語)
　　2) 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的用法比較
　　不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語,如果單獨(dú)作狀語,其邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致.分詞作狀語通�？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語從句,如果狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),就用過去分詞;如果狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),就用現(xiàn)在分詞.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),分詞前可帶連詞when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作狀語,以便使句子的
　　意思更清楚、更連貫.例如:
Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.
　　如果你努力,你會(huì)成功的.
　　Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
　　雖然他被擊敗了,但他仍然是一個(gè)受人喜愛的拳擊手.