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2009年12月英語四級(jí)閱讀考試訓(xùn)練(三九)

作者：不詳 　 發(fā)布時(shí)間：2010-01-04 09:20:48　 來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)
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　　“Tear‘em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “ Murder the referee ( 裁判)!”
　　These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us .It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含義) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior . I see the term “opponent “ as one of those words . Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.
　　The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent “is “adversary “:“enemy “; “one who opposes your interests.” “Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”
　　In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.
　　Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated(提升)the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world . Replacing the term “opponent “with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
　　The dictionary meaning of the term “associate “ is “colleague” ; “friend” ; “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”
　　1. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?
　　A) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences
　　B) The words people use can influence their behavior
　　C) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes
　　D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field
　　2. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players _______
　　A) are too eager to win
　　B) are usually short-tempered and easily offended
　　C) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition
　　D) treat their rivals as enemies
　　3. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?
　　A) He refused to continue the game
　　B) He angrily hit the referee with a ball
　　C) He claimed that the referee was unfair
　　D) He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt
　　4. According to the passage, players, in a game , may _______
　　A) deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way
　　B) keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game
　　C) lie down on the ground as an act of protest
　　D) kick the ball across the court with force
　　5. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ______
　　A) calling on players to use clean language on the court
　　B) raising the referee’s sense of responsibility
　　C) changing the attitude of players on the sports field
　　D) regulating the relationship between players and referees
　　[解析]
　　這是一篇關(guān)于競(jìng)技比賽與體育道德的議論文。文章對(duì)體育競(jìng)賽中的種種問題提出了作者的看法。文中指出，體育競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的對(duì)手不是敵人。要改善當(dāng)前運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上的不良狀況，必須改變運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上選手之間的敵對(duì)狀態(tài)，將對(duì)手視為伙伴。
　　1. 推論題，B：人們使用的詞匯能影響他們的行為。
　　哪一種說法最能表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)呢?參見原文第2段：words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior。(一些具有特殊含義的詞可能會(huì)使我們做出與人文精神相異的行為，即使人文精神通常貫徹于我們?nèi)粘Ｐ袨橹小?
　　其他選項(xiàng)：A，體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的積極的行為可能會(huì)有嚴(yán)重的后果;C，體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的不愉快的詞語經(jīng)常被外國(guó)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員使用;D，裁判員的不公正裁判將會(huì)導(dǎo)致在體育場(chǎng)上的暴力。
　　2. 細(xì)節(jié)題，D：(運(yùn)動(dòng)員說粗話的原因是他們)把自己的對(duì)手當(dāng)作敵人對(duì)待。
　　參見原文第3段第2句：Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy.
　　其他選項(xiàng)：A，太渴望取得勝利;B，通常脾氣火爆，容易被冒犯;C，不能在激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中禮貌待人。
　　3. 細(xì)節(jié)題，D：他將手套在濕運(yùn)動(dòng)衫上擦濕。
　　參見原文第3段：首球運(yùn)動(dòng)員請(qǐng)求暫停(a time out)換手套，裁判員認(rèn)為手套不太濕，不同意暫停。于是運(yùn)動(dòng)員于裁判斗氣，故意將手套在濕運(yùn)動(dòng)衫撒謊那個(gè)擦一通，將手套弄濕。參見本段最后一句：The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”
　　其他選項(xiàng)的意思是：A，他拒絕繼續(xù)比賽;B，他憤怒地用球擊裁判員;C，他聲稱裁判不公正。
　　4. 細(xì)節(jié)題，A:將球砸向任何故意犯規(guī)阻擋他們的人。
　　參見原文第4段第2句：I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play.
　　其他選項(xiàng)：B，在整個(gè)比賽中繼續(xù)尖聲喊叫和呼喊;C，躺在地上以表示抗議;D，用力將球踢出球場(chǎng)。
　　5. 主旨題，C：改變運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上選手的(敵對(duì))態(tài)度。
　　文章第5段談判，要改善當(dāng)前運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上的不良狀況，必須改變運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上選手的敵對(duì)態(tài)度，將對(duì)手視為伙伴(Replacing the term “opponent “with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.)
　　其他選項(xiàng)：A，呼吁運(yùn)動(dòng)員在球場(chǎng)上使用文明語言;B，提高裁判員的責(zé)任感;D，調(diào)整運(yùn)動(dòng)員和裁判員之間的關(guān)系。
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