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如何掌握托福寫(xiě)作技巧

作者： 　 發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-03-06　 來(lái)源：
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        （一）掌握技巧：
　�。�1）注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，合理布局
　　開(kāi)始部分（openingparagraph）——說(shuō)出文中的要點(diǎn)、核心問(wèn)題。
　　正文部分（Bodyparagraphs）——圍繞主題開(kāi)展敘述、討論。
　　結(jié)尾部分（concludingparagraphs）——對(duì)全文的總結(jié)和概括。
　　要做到全文中心突出、段落之間必須是有機(jī)地聯(lián)系，內(nèi)容完整、連貫。前后呼應(yīng)，祛除與主題無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容.
　�。�2）確定主題句
　　主題句是對(duì)全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用。通常主題句出現(xiàn)在一篇文章的開(kāi)頭，而后，全文對(duì)主題句所提出的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)瑪U(kuò)展。
　　寫(xiě)主題句應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
　�、贇w納出你要寫(xiě)的文章的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)
　　②提煉出一句具有概括性的話
　�、壑黝}句應(yīng)具有可讀性，抓住、吸引讀者。
　�。ǘ┣捎眠B接詞
　　要想使文章有整體性、連貫性，就要學(xué)會(huì)正確使用連接詞
　　表示羅列增加
　　First,second, third,
　　First, then/ next, after that/ next, finally
　　For onething … for another…,
　　On (the) one hand…on the other hand,
　　Besides/what’s more/ in addition/ furthermore/ moreover/ another/also,
　　Especially/ In particular,
　　表示時(shí)間順序
　　now, at present,recently,
　　after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a fewdays,
　　at first, in the beginning, to begin with,
　　later, next,finally,
　　immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, assoon as, the moment
　　form now on, from then on,
　　at the same time,meanwhile,
　　till, not…until, before, after, when, while, asduring,
　　表示解釋說(shuō)明
　　now, in addition, for example, for instance, inthis case, moreover
　　furthermore, in fact, actually
　　表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
　　but,however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other
　　hand, incontrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course,after all
　　表示并列關(guān)系
　　or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as wellas, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
　　表示因果關(guān)系
　　because, because of,since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of),otherwise, so…that, such…that
　　表示條件關(guān)系
　　as (so) long as, on conditionthat, if, unless
　　表示讓步關(guān)系
　　though, although, as, even if, eventhough, whether …or…, however, whoever,
　　whatever, whichever, wherever,whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom)
　　表示舉例
　　for example, for instance, such as…, take… forexample
　　表示比較
　　be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast,compared with (to)…just like, just as,
　　表示目的
　　For this reason,, forthis purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
　　表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
　　indeed, in fact,surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,
　　Obviously, aboveall,
　　表示概括歸納
　　in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generallyspeaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated,as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, inconclusion.
　�。ㄈ┱莆粘Ｓ镁湫停�
　　1. in orderto
　　為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想，他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。
　　He worked very hard in order to realize hisdream.
　　2. in order that
　　她拼命干活以便到六點(diǎn)時(shí)把一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。
　　She worked hardin order that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock.
　　3.so…that
　　他們太累了，除了伸懶腰什么都做不了了。
　　They were all so tired that they could donothing but yawn.
　　4. such…that
　　天氣非常冷，以至于街上一個(gè)人都沒(méi)有。
　　It was sucha cold day that there was nobody on the street.
　　5. would ratherdo…than do
　　他寧愿聽(tīng)他人講而不愿自己說(shuō)。
　　He would rather listen to others than talkhimself.
　　6. prefer doing to doing
　　他寧愿在精心準(zhǔn)備后去做報(bào)告。
　　He prefersmaking speeches after careful preparation.
　　7. prefer to do…rather thando
　　比起女人，男人總是寧可在家睡覺(jué)也不愿花那么多時(shí)間來(lái)購(gòu)物。
　　Compared with women, men always preferto sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.
　　8. notonly…but also
　　在短短的三年的時(shí)間里她不但完成了所有課程，而且還獲得了博士學(xué)位。
　　In just three years, shehad not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctor’sdegree.
　　9. either…or
　　如果考試過(guò)關(guān)，你可以買(mǎi)一個(gè)MP3或去云南玩一趟。
　　You could eitherbuy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.
　　10.Neither…nor
　　他是一個(gè)無(wú)聊的人，既不愛(ài)娛樂(lè)，也不愛(ài)讀書(shū)。
　　He is a boring man. He likes neitherentertainment nor reading.
　　11. as well as
　　他善良又樂(lè)于助人。
　　He waskind as well as helpful.
　　12. …as well
　　這個(gè)小孩活潑又可愛(ài)。
　　The child isactive and funny as well.
　　13. One…theother
　　你看見(jiàn)桌子上有兩只筆嗎？一支是紅色的，另一支是黑色的。
　　Have you seen two pens on the desk?One is red, the other is black.
　　14.Some…others
　　每個(gè)人都很忙，有些在讀書(shū)，有些在寫(xiě)作。
　　Everyone is busy in classroom. Some arereading, others are writing.
　　15. make…+adj./n
　　我們所做的可以讓世界更美麗。
　　What we do will make the world morebeautiful.
　　16. not…until
　　直到他告訴我發(fā)生的事，我才了解真相。
　　I didn’t know thetruth until she told me what happened.
　　17. asif
　　他夸夸其談好像什么事都知道。
　　He talks a lot as if he knowseverything.
　　18. It is no use (good) doing…
　　假裝不懂規(guī)則是行不通的。
　　It’s nouse pretending that you didn’t know the rules.
　　19. find it + adj. todo…
　　我覺(jué)得作聽(tīng)力時(shí)有必要作筆記。
　　I find it necessary to take down notes whilelistening.
　　20. It is + time since…
　　我已經(jīng)有兩年沒(méi)見(jiàn)他了。
　　It is two yearssince I last met him.
　　21. It is + time when…
　　我到電影院時(shí)已經(jīng)八點(diǎn)鐘了。
　　Itwas 8 o’clock when I got to the cinema.
　　22. It is + timebefore…
　　不久我們就會(huì)再見(jiàn)面的。
　　I won’t be long before we can meetagain.
　　23. It is…that…
　　我最珍視的是友誼。
　　It is friendship that I valuemost.
　　24. It is + n/ adj. + that/ todo…
　　每個(gè)人都必須懂得如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)
　　It is a must that everybody should know how to usecomputers.
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