1. 分詞作定語(yǔ)
　　1) 分詞作定語(yǔ)既可以放在所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語(yǔ),也可以放在所修飾的詞后面,作后置定語(yǔ).其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句.例如:
　　Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)
　　預(yù)定的座位在哪里?
　　This is a pressing problem. (=This is a problem which is pressing.)
　　這是一個(gè)緊迫的問(wèn)題.
　　2) 分詞作后置定語(yǔ)可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號(hào)與其所修飾的中心詞分開(kāi))兩種,其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
　　例如:
　　The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.
　　籌集的資金主要用來(lái)幫助那些無(wú)家可歸的人.
　　There are many students waiting (= who are waiting) to get examined.
　　有許多學(xué)生在等待檢查
　　This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.
　　本書(shū)是用淺顯的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的,適合初學(xué)者.
　　3) 分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞作定語(yǔ).例如:
　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
　　那位手持鮮花的姑娘一定在等人.
　　The newly-built building is our office building.
　　這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓.
　　4) 有些不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),并不表示被動(dòng)的意思而是表示完成.這類(lèi)過(guò)去分詞常作前置修飾語(yǔ).例如:
　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
　　秋天有許多落葉.
　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
　　這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事.
　　常用的這一類(lèi)詞有:fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等.
　　2. 分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
　　1) 跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等.例如:
　　When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.
　　當(dāng)他們度假完回到家時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了.(過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng))
　　2) 在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.例如:
　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.
　　由于十分吵鬧,講話人沒(méi)法讓人聽(tīng)到他的聲音.
　　When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
　　他醒來(lái)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他.