第一節(jié)命題規(guī)律
寫作部分是對(duì)考生書面表達(dá)能力的考查,因而在命題方面有著不同于其他部分的特點(diǎn),考生應(yīng)了解其命題規(guī)律,做到心中有數(shù)。
一、改寫句子
該節(jié)共有3道題,主要考查考生在意思相同的情況下,對(duì)不同句型的表達(dá)方式的掌握。改寫句子最基本的要求是保證改寫后的句子和原句的意思大體相同。以填空的形式命題,考生須填補(bǔ)空白并使補(bǔ)全的句子與原句意思一致。該節(jié)要求考生要仔細(xì)閱讀原句,準(zhǔn)確理解其含義,將原句和目標(biāo)句相互比較,找出需要補(bǔ)全的內(nèi)容,正確改寫句子。
(一)改寫句子的�?碱}型
● 主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
1.Many workers built this factory in 2001.
This factoryby many workers in 2001.
【正確答案】was built
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求熟悉被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成——不同時(shí)態(tài)下系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式。
2.He asked me,“Where are you going?”
He asked me.
【正確答案】where I was going
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解直接引語與間接引語。二者互變時(shí)要注意:人稱的變化;時(shí)間表示法的變化;指示代詞的變化;一般疑問句中疑問詞的變化;特殊疑問句中語序的變化規(guī)則等。
● There be句型的變換
【例句】
3.The room is empty.
There is in the room.
4.What can I do for you?
anything I can do for you?
【正確答案】3.nothing4.Is there
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解 there be 句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu),注意系動(dòng)詞be在不同語境下的變化形式。
● It引導(dǎo)的形式主語句子與其他句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
5.He spent 4 hours in doing his homework yesterday.
It took him 4 hours his homework yesterday.
6.It seems that they like pop music.
They to like pop music.
【正確答案】5.to do6.seem
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求了解代詞it在句子中的各種用法。it在英語中是個(gè)相當(dāng)活躍的代詞,它可以作形式主語、形式賓語和引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句等。
● 一些習(xí)慣用法的不同表示法
第四章寫作全國(guó)英語等級(jí)考試教程(第一級(jí))
【例句】
7.They have studied English for 20 years.
They began to study English .
8.He went to the class at 9 o’clock.
He didn’t go to the class 9 o’clock.
【正確答案】7.20 years ago8.until
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握英語中一些習(xí)慣用法的表達(dá)方式。在改寫句子時(shí),要求用不同的句型或不同的詞表達(dá)出相同的意思。
● 詞或詞組間的互換
【例句】
9.He spent 20 dollars buying this book.
He20 dollars this book.
10.She does well in English.
She is English.
【正確答案】9.paid...for10.good at
【規(guī)律分析】這部分考查同義詞或詞組的替換。有些詞雖然意義相近或相同,但往往在用法和結(jié)構(gòu)搭配上有區(qū)別,考生應(yīng)尤其注意。
● 句子與詞組間的互換
【例句】
11.We’re always busy with our work.
We seldom have .
12.The boy is very young. The boy can’t understand it.
The boy isyoung understand it.
【正確答案】11.free/spare time12.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些慣用詞組的用法,同時(shí)注意句子和詞組間的互換往往會(huì)使得句子結(jié)構(gòu)改變。
● 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)等基本句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
13.Don’t forget to bring your book!
to bring your book!
14.My mother is not in/at home.
My mother is.
【正確答案】13.Remember14.out
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些基本的反義詞,然后通過否定反義詞的方法達(dá)到肯定的目的。
● 反義詞
【例句】
15.I don’t think maths is as interesting as English.
I think maths is English!
16.Of all the boys in the class, John runs the fastest.
John runsany other boy in the class.
【正確答案】15.less interesting than16.faster than
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生熟悉一些形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的基本句型,如:not as (so)+原級(jí)形式+as;比較級(jí)形式+than...;最高級(jí)形式+...in(of)...
● 詞形的派生
【例句】
17.The teacher told us to be careful when we did our exam.
The teacher told us to do our exam.
【正確答案】17.carefully
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生掌握一些基本的構(gòu)詞法。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中構(gòu)詞法是最重要的方法之一。通過加前綴或后綴的方法可使一個(gè)詞改變?cè)~義或詞性。考生應(yīng)能根據(jù)句型,將某個(gè)詞語變?yōu)樗枰男问健?br />
● 從句的變換
N 主從復(fù)合句與并列句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
18.Hurry or you will be late for school.
you don’t hurry, you will be late for school.
N 從句與從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
19.He came only after the meeting was over.
He didn’t comethe meeting was over.
N 從句和不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換
【例句】
20.The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.
The box isheavy for melift.
【正確答案】18.If 19.until20.too...to...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求考生了解常見復(fù)合句的主句與從句間的關(guān)系,掌握復(fù)合句從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法以及一些起連接作用的詞組的用法。
● 用連接詞合并兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句
【例句】
21.Jane couldn’t sing well. I couldn’t sing well, either.
JaneI could sing well.
【正確答案】21.Neither...nor...
【規(guī)律分析】這部分要求掌握一些常見連詞或連詞詞組的用法。這些連接詞包括and,both...and,not only...but also, either...or,neither...nor,but,so等。
從以上命題規(guī)律分析可以看出,只有掌握了句型,才能保證準(zhǔn)確地改寫原句而又不改變其意思。這就要求考生在平時(shí)一定要注意多積累各種句型,切實(shí)掌握大綱所要求的各種語法規(guī)則,對(duì)那些常見的重要句型和表達(dá)方式要經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)記憶。同時(shí)還要認(rèn)識(shí)到,掌握了句型并不意味可以忽略詞匯的作用,不同的句型中同一個(gè)詞語可能有不同的含義或作用,也可能派生出不同的形式,考生需要結(jié)合考試題型,將詞匯放在句型中記憶和學(xué)習(xí),從而在掌握句型的同時(shí)理解詞匯。
二)改寫句子試題范例
下面是關(guān)于Mary昨天去商店的三對(duì)句子。每對(duì)句子中,第一句是原句,第二句是對(duì)第一句的改寫。要求根據(jù)原句和第二句中已經(jīng)給出的部分補(bǔ)全第二句。注意不能改變?cè)涞囊馑肌?br />
1.Many people went shopping yesterday.
There were many people yesterday.
2.Mary spent 3 hours buying New Year gifts.
It Mary 3 hours to buy New Year gifts.
3.She was so tired that she couldn’t walk any longer.
She was tiredwalk any longer.
【正確答案】1.in the shops/markets2.took3.too...to
【規(guī)律分析】第1題考查同義詞組間的轉(zhuǎn)換;第2題考查習(xí)慣用法的不同表達(dá);第3題考查從句和不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。