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09年10月自考英語(一)串講筆記(unit24)

作者:不明   發(fā)布時間:2009-08-12 11:13:11  來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)
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 Ⅲ.Vocabulary Exercises :
 �、�.Choose the proper words given at the beginning.
  1.economy economic economical
  a.The war is a fatal blow to the economy of both countries.
  b.It is important to bring about a new economic order in the world.
  c.The newly invented machine is economical of time and energy.
  2.consequence consequent consequently
  a.The farmers suffered a drought and there was a consequent shortage of food in the market.
  b.If you behave so foolishly, you must be ready to take the consequence.
  c.She was a bright and eager student and, consequently, did well in school.
  3.contribute contribution contributor
  a.His involvement contributed effectively to the solution of the dispute.
  b.All contributors to the church will have a meeting today.
  c.The young policeman made a remarkable contribution to public safety.
  4.overpopulate population populate
  a.If we didn't carry out family planning, our country would be much more overpopulated.
  b. The centre of the city is a densely populated area.
  c. The country is adopting radical measures to control the growth of its population.
 �、�.Fill in the following blanks with the words listed below in their proper forms.
  local massive upset senseless recede threaten export recycle select pay off
  1.Empty bottles are recycled in order for the glass to be used.
  2.The news that he failed the final exam upset him emotionally.
  3.Tea, grain and sugar are among the most important exports.
  4.The doctors made massive efforts to save the dying patient.
  5.Columbus' idea of going east by sailing west was thought to be senseless by the Spanish nobles.
  6.The coast was receding / receded slowly as our ship sailed out to sea.
  7.Many rare species of animals are being threatened with extinction.
  8.It's almost certain that our plan will pay off; it is a wonderful idea.
  9.“When in Rome, do as the Romans do” means that one should behave according to the local customs.
  10.Why didn't you select a better topic for your conversation?
  Text B Life on the Tundra
 �、�.New words:
  1.含有前綴的單詞:
  subsoil n. 下層土,底土
  2.含有后綴的單詞:
  marshy a.沼澤般的,濕軟的
  →marsh n.沼澤
  →表示地形的單詞:maintain/sea /desert /plain /plateau
  continous a. 連續(xù)不斷的,不停歇的,表示動作或物體不間斷地進(jìn)行下去
  eg: They chattered continuously for an hour. 他們不間斷地聊了一個小時。
  continual a. 連續(xù)的,頻繁的,表示多次重復(fù)的動作(有可能有間斷)
  eg: Please stop your continual questions. 請不要再接二連三的提問題了。
  permanently ad. 長久地,永久地
  →permanent (a.) 反義詞:temporary a. 暫時的
  lifeless a. 1.無生命的,死的;2.沒有生氣的,單調(diào)的
  disturbance n. 1.騷動,動亂;2.打擾,干擾
  deep a. 深的
  depth n. 1.深度2.深處[常pl.] 3.深奧,深刻
  seemingly ad. 1.表面地 2.近乎真實地
  shortage n. 不足,缺少
  explorer n. 探索者,考察者
  3.合成詞:
  daylight : 1.日光 2.日間
  pipeline : 管道,管線
  4.特殊記憶:
  minor 比較小的;少數(shù)的 ←→ major 比較大的;多數(shù)的
  1)這兩個詞本身就有比較意味,用比較級時不需要變形加er
  2)在用比較級的句子中,不用比較連詞than,而用介詞to
  bay海灣 / port 海港 / coast 海岸,海濱/ gulf 海灣
  5.本單元課文中出現(xiàn)的單詞:
  1.horizon n. 1.地平線;2.(喻)眼界,見識
  E.g.: the horizon 地平線
  Travel broadens one's horizons. 旅游可以開闊人的眼界。
  2.continuous & continual
  E.g.: They chattered continuously for an hour. 他們足足聊了1個小時。
  Please stop your continual questions. 請不要再接二連三地提問題了。
  3.hunt vt. 1.追獵,獵�。�2.追趕,搜索
  vi.(for)1.打獵;2.獵食;3.搜尋
  n.打獵
  E.g.: go hunting 去打獵
  He's been hunting for a lost book. 他一直在找那本丟失的書。
  Phrases:
  1.be known as 以…而聞名,通常名叫
  E.g.: Mark Twain was known as a great novelist. 馬克· 吐溫作為一個偉大的小說家被人們熟知。
  →be known for 因為…而出名
  2.in search of 尋找…,尋求…
  Eg: Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease. 科學(xué)家正在想治療這種疾病的方法。
  3.to …degree 達(dá)到…程度
  to some degree 達(dá)到一定的程度
  to what degree 達(dá)到什么程度
  to a high/low degree 達(dá)到很高/低的程度
  to such an degree 達(dá)到如此…的程度
  to a certain degree 達(dá)到一定的程度
  E.g. He is vain to a high degree. 他非常愛虛榮。
  4.to some extent 在某種程度上
  E.g.: To some extent you are correct . 從某種程度上說你是正確的。
  I agree with you to a certain extent. 我在一定程度上同意你的意見。
  5.prevent … from 防止,阻止
  E.g.: Put on more clothes to prevent yourself from getting a cold. 多穿點衣服,以免感冒。
  6.in turn 1.依次,輪流;2.反過來
  by turns 輪流,交替
  1)please speak in turn. 請依次發(fā)言。
  2)Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理論以實踐為基礎(chǔ),反過來又為實踐服務(wù)。
  3)The couple wash dishes by turns. 夫妻倆輪流洗碗
  7.result in = bring about 導(dǎo)致,產(chǎn)生
  E.g.: Our efforts resulted in success. 我們的努力終于導(dǎo)致了成功
  →result from 因為…。發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生
  E.g.: His injury resulted from a fall. 他因摔倒而受傷。
 �、�.Text B
  Life on the Tundra
  凍土帶上的生活情景
  Tundra is the name given to the low, marshy plains of Europe, Siberia, and North America that border on the Arctic Ocean.
  譯:歐洲、西伯利亞和北美洲接近北冰洋的低洼沼澤平原稱為凍土帶。
  1.border on 與…相鄰
  In Alaska, the vast, cold region known as the “Northern Slope” is part of the tundra. Nature sets harsh terms for survival in this land. Only those plants and animals that are adapted to the hostile environment can survive in it.
  2.be know as
  terms 條件(如果去掉s則沒有條件的意思,表示“學(xué)期;術(shù)語”)
  3.adapt to 適應(yīng)…
  譯:美國阿拉斯加州,那塊廣闊寒冷通稱為“北邊坡地”的地區(qū)就是凍土帶的一部分。大自然為這片土地設(shè)置的生存條件十分惡劣。只有那些能適應(yīng)在逆境中生存的植物和動物才能在這種環(huán)境中生存下來。
  Long periods of darkness and bitter cold are the major threats to life on the tundra. At the Arctic Circle, the sun cannot be seen above the horizon in December. North of the Circle, the darkness lasts even longer. Over the northern reaches of the tundra, no sunlight can be seen at all for several months of the year.
  bitter 在這里表示“刺骨的”
  4.over : beyond在…以外
  5.no … at all: not … at all 一點也不,根本不
  eg. You don't look old at all. 你看起來一點也不老。
  譯:長期的黑暗和刺骨的嚴(yán)寒是在凍土帶上生活的兩大最主要的威脅。北極圈在12月份,地平線上是看不到太陽的。從北極圈往北黑暗的時間通常會持續(xù)得更長些。在凍土帶北部邊緣以外的地方,一年中有好幾個月根本見不到陽光。
  The darkness is balanced, to some degree, by continuous daylight during the summer months.
  譯:持續(xù)的黑暗,從某種意義上來說,同夏季幾個月連續(xù)不斷的白晝達(dá)到了平衡。
  6.Balance n. 平衡
  v. 使…平衡,使…均衡
  But even in the warmest month, the temperature only averages about 50 degree F (10 degrees C)。
  F(fahrenheit) C(centigrade)
  Boiling point 212° 100°
  Freezing point 32° 0°
  Absolute-zero -459.67° -273.15°
  換算公式:
  攝氏度數(shù)=(華氏度度數(shù)-32)×5/9
  華氏度數(shù)=攝氏度度數(shù)×9/5 +32
  譯:但即使是在最暖和的月份里,平均溫度剛剛能達(dá)到華氏50度(10攝氏度)。
  During the dark winter months the average temperature falls to -16 degrees F ( -27 degrees C), and sometimes to -40 degrees (C and F) and below.
  譯:在冬季那幾個黑暗的月份里,平均氣溫降到華氏負(fù)16度,有時達(dá)零下40度甚至更低。
  Because of the intense cold, the subsoil of the tundra remains permanently frozen to a great depth. During the brief summer, a few feet (about a meter) of soil thaw at the surface. It is this thin layer of active soil that supports all living things on the tundra.
  譯:由于酷寒,凍土帶的下層土都凍得很深。在短暫的夏季僅三英尺的表層土壤能解凍。正是這被太陽曬暖的蘇醒過來的薄薄的一層土壤養(yǎng)活著凍土帶上的一切生物。
  For nine months of the year, the tundra is a dark, seemingly lifeless wild land. Then in June, as if by magic, a never-setting summer sun gives birth to hundreds of species of arctic plants to cover the ground.
  7.give birth to (prep.) 產(chǎn)生…,生產(chǎn)出…
  譯:每年長達(dá)9個月,凍土帶都是一塊看上去毫無生機的荒涼的土地。然后到6月份,好像是施了魔法一樣,一輪永不落的夏天的太陽生出了數(shù)百種北極的植物覆蓋著大地。
  A plant that grows more than three feet (about a meter) is unusual on the tundra. There are no tall trees. The frozen subsoil prevents roots from growing deep enough to support them. By the end of August the breath of winter returns, and by mid-September the tundra is white again.
  譯:一種植物若能長得超過了三英尺,這在凍土帶上就是很不平常的了。凍土帶上根本就不會有高大的樹木。深層的永凍土使植物的根不能深深地扎下去來支撐高大的樹木。到8月底,冬天的氣息又返回來了, 9月中旬這凍土帶又是冬天了。
  The animal life on the tundra is unusually rich for an environment that seems so harsh. Herds of arctic deer move from place to place in search of food. Bands of wolves follow them and hunt for the weak or sick ones.
  rich adj.富的, 有錢的, 富有的, 富饒的, 肥沃的, 充足的, 豐富的
  表示數(shù)量的詞:
  herds of deer 一群群的鹿
  bands of wolves 一群群的狼
  a group/crowd of people 一群人
  a herd of cattle 一群牛
  a flock of birds 一群鳥
  a nest of ants 一群螞蟻
  譯:在這種非常惡劣的環(huán)境中,凍土帶上動物的生活卻非常充實。一群一群的北極鹿到處遷徙以便尋找食物。一幫一幫的北極狼跟蹤著北極鹿群以便獵吃鹿群中的老弱病殘者。
  Few birds actually live on the tundra. However, a variety of birds migrate to nest and feed during the summer. The wet, marshy land produces a large number of insects that provide food for the smaller birds that, in turn, provide food for the arctic fox and the wolf.
  8.a variety of : various of : 多種多樣的
  譯:實際上幾乎沒有鳥類生活在凍土帶上。但是各種各樣的候鳥到了夏季會到這里來筑巢繁衍生息。這濕潤的沼澤地能生出大量的昆蟲,這就給小鳥提供了食物。接下來這些小鳥又充作了北極狐和北極狼的食物。
  The balance of nature is so delicate on the tundra that even minor disturbances may produce major changes in the environment.
  譯:自然界的平衡在凍土帶上是非常靈敏的,只要稍微有一點破壞平衡的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)就可能產(chǎn)生環(huán)境上的一些重大變化。
  Any increase or decrease in the population of one species may affect all other species on the tundra. For example, if the number of wolves and foxes decrease, the food chain is upset.
  譯譯:任何一個物種在數(shù)量上的增加或減少都會影響到凍土帶上所有的其它物種。例如,如果北極狼和北極狐的數(shù)量減少,那食物鏈就會遭到破壞,就會脫節(jié)。
  Without wolves, the number of grazing animals - like the deer - would increase. This increase would result in a food shortage, which would cause death to many smaller animals. A decrease in the number of these smaller animals would in turn decrease the food supply for the arctic fox and the wolf. In this way, the entire food chain might be affected by a change in the number of a single species.
  譯:倘若沒有了北極狼,那些食草獸——像馴鹿之類——就會增加,這一增加就會導(dǎo)致食物短缺,很多小動物就會死亡。倘若這些小動物數(shù)量減少了,接下來就會減少了供應(yīng)給北極狐和北極狼的食物。這樣下來,由于某一物種的數(shù)量的改變,就有可能影響到整個食物鏈的脫節(jié)。
  Until recently, the changing seasons on the tundra were seen only by a few Eskimo hunters and explorers. What would draw men and women to live in such a hostile land? The answer is oil.
  譯:不久前,只有極少數(shù)的愛斯基摩的獵手和探險家才能深究到凍土帶上的寒來暑往,冬去春來。那么,是什么東西把男男女女都吸引到這塊環(huán)境十分惡劣的土地上來的呢?答案就是:石油。
  9.draw (v.): attract 吸引
  In 1968, oil was discovered beneath the frozen soil on Alaska's Northern Slope. Now an 800-mile (about 1300 kilometers) pipeline has been built from Prudhoe Bay on the Arctic Ocean to Valdes, a port on the south coast of Alaska.
  譯:1968年在阿拉斯加北邊坡地的凍土下面發(fā)現(xiàn)了石油。現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)把一條800英里長的輸油管從北冰洋上的普拉德霍灣架設(shè)到了阿拉斯加南岸的港口城市瓦爾迪茲。
  The pipeline carries the oil from the Northern Slope, across the tundra, to the port. From there, it is shipped to the rest of the United States.
  譯:這條輸油管把石油從北部坡地,越過凍土帶,輸送到瓦爾迪茲港口,又從那里把石油裝船運送到美國其它地方。
  10.ship (v.) 運送,輸送
  Thousands of men and women were needed to build and maintain the pipeline. For the first time, large numbers of people were brought into contact with the tundra.
  譯:為了修建和維護(hù)這條輸油管,成千上萬的男女需要參與工作。這是破天荒第一次,把一大批又一大批的人送到這里來與凍土帶打交道。
  Their presence and the presence of the pipeline they built represented a major change in the environment. How will the life cycles of the tundra be affected?
  譯:這些人的到來以及他們所修建的輸油管的出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志著凍土帶的環(huán)境的重大改變。那么,凍土帶的生活周期會受到什么影響呢?
  The survival of the United States depends on the ability to find new sources of energy. Oil from beneath the tundra is very important to the nations' development. But the survival of the tundra depends on how carefully people maintain the delicate balance of nature in this environment.
  譯:美國能否繼續(xù)生存下去,依賴于是否有能力找到新的能源。來自凍土帶下面的石油對美國的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。但是,這塊凍土帶上的一切是否能繼續(xù)維持下去,依賴于人們是否能細(xì)心地維護(hù)這種環(huán)境下大自然里各個物種之間的平衡。
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