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09年自考英語一課堂筆記(unit22)

作者:   發(fā)布時間:2009-07-11 09:45:30  來源:
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  1)The sun emerged from behind a cloud.(太陽從云朵后面出來了。)

  2)Different ideas have emerged.(不同意見出現(xiàn)了。)

  3)A modern industrial city is now emerging.(一個現(xiàn)代化的工業(yè)城市正在興起。)

  本課簡介

  人人都知道健康的重要,但人們對于參加健身活動的態(tài)度如何呢?本文作者通過許多具體的事例告訴我們,人們對于參加健身活動有許多認(rèn)識上的誤區(qū),因而有必要重新審視自己在這一問題上的態(tài)度和做法。

  人們對于健康活動有哪些看法呢?一些學(xué)生認(rèn)為,留出時間來健身是浪費時間,健身活動并不比學(xué)打橋牌對他更有用,學(xué)業(yè)和前程才是最重 要的。還有人認(rèn)為健身固然重要,但實在沒有時間健身。也有人說自己已經(jīng)夠健康了,保持現(xiàn)狀應(yīng)該沒有問題。另外有些人則抱怨沒有運(yùn)動設(shè)施,也無法從他人那兒 得到什么幫助,或者覺得運(yùn)動后的渾身汗味令他們不舒服。

  以上種種皆是不愿意進(jìn)行健身活動的人們的看法,那么對于那些原意進(jìn)行健身活動的人們來說,他們的認(rèn)識和做法也并非沒有問題。有人 說,我跑步是因為宿舍里的每一個人都在晚上跑步。也有人說,我運(yùn)動時每消耗3500卡熱量就能減掉一磅體重,圣誕節(jié)前我只有十磅要減了。還有人說,這個周 末天氣涼爽,星期六看來是個好日子。另外,健身只是為了長壽也是常見的看法。

  你的認(rèn)識是否類似于上述某種觀點?請記住健康雖不一定保證長壽,但能有助于你快樂地生活每一天。

  本課主要語言點

  1. Recently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours.

  that引導(dǎo)的是一個賓語從句,在這個從句中,動名詞短語setting aside time…做主語,此類結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中很常見。如:

  1)He told me that getting up early in the morning was hard for him.(他告訴我早起對他來說很困難。)

  2)The teacher said that cheating on exams was on the increase in many schools.(那位老師說在許多學(xué)�?荚囎鞅赚F(xiàn)象在增長。)

  3)My brother told me that setting up his own company would not be totally impossible.(我兄弟對我說建立他自己的公司并不是一件完全不可能的事。)

  set aside 意思是to reserve or keep sth. for a special use or purpose (留出、撥出);set aside也可表示overturn(駁回、取消),disregard(不顧)。如:

  1)He decided to set aside 50 yuan every month so that he could buy a used bike.(他打算每個月留出50塊錢以便能買輛二手自行車。)

  2)His parents asked him to set aside 30 minutes every morning reading English.(他父母要求他每天早晨留出30分鐘讀英語。)

  3)The government set aside thirteen per cent of the money for health and education.(政府撥出這筆錢地百分之十三用于健康和教育。)

  4)The original verdict was eventually set aside by the Supreme Court.(原先地裁決最終被最高法庭駁回。)

  5)We must set aside all formality and another try.(我們必須不拘形式再試一次。)

  a / the misuse of sth.意思是 use sth. in an incorrect or improper manner(誤用、濫用)。如:

  The misuse of company assets brought about heavy losses.(濫用公司財產(chǎn)造成了嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。)

  在詞匯部分我們講到mis-是一個前綴,常指things being done badly or wrongly. 如:understand-misunderstand , print-misprint等等。

  2. He assured us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to play bridge.

  本句中地no是一個副詞,用在副詞比較級地前面,表示“并不、毫不”。no也可以在形容詞比較級地前面。如:no more than, no less than, no longer than,no farther than 等等。

  1)I could no more play piano than you.(我和你一樣不會彈鋼琴。)

  2)This place is no better than slum.(這地方與貧民窟差不多。)

  better是副詞well的比較級形式,served是個過去分詞,可用作形容詞,如: better organized, better prepared, better managed等等。

  assure是個及物動詞,意思是“使確信、使放心”,主要用法是:

  1)assure sb. of sth.

  He assured me of the feasibility of the plan.(他使我確信這個計劃是可行的。)

  2)assure sb. that……

  I assured my mother that I would handle the problem.(我向母親保證我能處理這個問題。)

  請注意區(qū)別assure,ensure,insure和secure這四個動詞。

  assure指以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定發(fā)生,多用assure sb. of / that在結(jié)構(gòu)中;ensure意為確保某種行動或動因的結(jié)果一定會發(fā)生,后面可以跟sth.或that從句,但不能帶雙賓語;insure意思是“給… 保險”;secure的意思是make safe(使安全)。

  1)He assured me that Dr. Baker would come.(他向我保證貝克博士會來。)

  2)To ensure the child's quick recovery, the doctor gave him three different medicines.(為了保證孩子盡快康復(fù),醫(yī)生給了他三種不同的藥物。)

  3)The house is insured against fire.(這房子保了火災(zāi)險。)

  4)They tried their best to secure the bridge from further attack.(他們盡力保護(hù)橋梁免受進(jìn)一步的攻擊。)

  3.College and his preparation for a career were his only priorities.請注意區(qū)prepare 和prepare for的區(qū)別。

  prepare sb. or sth. 指make them ready for an event or action that will happen in the future,如:

  We have to prepare our lessons carefully.(我們得仔細(xì)備課。)

  prepare for an event or action指get oneself ready for it; make plans for it so that it and prepared when it happens, 如:

  The children washed out hands and prepared for the meal.(孩子們洗好手準(zhǔn)備吃飯。)

  名詞preparation通常用在短語make preparations for和in preparation for當(dāng)中,如:

  1)They were making preparations for the old man's funeral.(他們在為老人的葬禮做準(zhǔn)備。)

  2)We will have to collect new material in preparation for the experiment.(我們得收集新資料為實驗作準(zhǔn)備。)

  priority指 give priority to和 take / has priority當(dāng)中。如:

  1)This project has priority over all others.(這個項目比所有其他項目都更受重視。)

  2)Education is given first priority in their family.(教育在他們家是予以最優(yōu)先考慮的問題。)

  4.This student has seen being physically fit as an end rather than the means we know it to be.

  see sth. as意思是“把…看作為”,我們以前學(xué)過不少類似的短語,如:regard…as,look upon…as,think of…as,view…as等等。

  being physically fit意思是“身體健康”。

  an end rather than the means意思是“是一種目的而不是達(dá)到目的的方法”。 rather  than意思是“而不是”。

  1)He was seen as the most capable person in the company.(人們認(rèn)為他是公司最能干的人。)

  2)We saw her silence as consent.(我們把她的沉默看作為同意。)

  3)To be physically fit is our greatest wish for grandfather.(身體健康是我們對爺爺?shù)淖畲笙M#?/p>

  4)You need to do more exercise if you want to be physically fit.(如果你想身體健康,就需要進(jìn)行更多的鍛煉。)

  5)He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money.(他千里迢迢來到中國不是為了賺錢,而是為了增進(jìn)友誼。)

  5.His opinion is one of the many feelings, pro or con, that people hold about their personal involvement in a physical fitness program.

  pro和con在本句中作形容詞用,pro的意思是for(贊成),con的意思是against(反對)。pro or con在句子中作后置定語,修飾名詞feeling.后置定語在英語中也很常見。如:

  1)Countries, big or small, should be equal.(國家無論大小都是平等的。)

  2)He studied in a room, clean and tidy.(他在干凈整齊的房間里學(xué)習(xí)。)

  (在上述例句中,兩個成對的或反對的形容詞,用and或or連接,共同修飾一個名詞。這是形容詞作后置定語的一種用法。)

  1)The active involvement of thousands of people in the election campaign surprised him.(成千上萬的人積極參與競選活動令他驚奇。)

  2)He avoids involvement in politics.(他避免卷入政治。)

  6.Certainly some of there individuals may have physical limitations that make activity extremely difficult, and others are engaged in time-consuming activities that until finished do not permit opportunities for recreation.

  that make activity extremely difficult是一個定語從句,修飾physical limitations.

  Be engaged in sth. 意思是be involved in sth.(使從事,使忙于),如:

  1)They were engaged in the study of soil conservation.(他們在從事土壤保持的研究。)

  2)It is inappropriate for him to engage in this activity.(他從事這一活動是不合適的。)

  7.…I'll have no difficulty staying that way.

  have (no) difficulty doing sth.(做某事有/無困難),也可以用have (no) trouble doing sth.。如:

  1)He has no difficulty understanding the Chinese film.(看懂那部中國電影他沒有困難。)

  2)I had a lot of trouble getting back to sleep after I answered the phone call.(接過電話后,我無法再入睡。)

  8.…you may have made a commitment to a physical fitness program that might be rather narrow in scope.

  make (a) commitment to 意思是make a firm promise(作出承諾),或者involvement(投入)。

  Narrow in scope意思是范圍很窄,很狹隘。我們接觸過在形容詞后面加介詞in再加名詞的機(jī)構(gòu),如similar in appearance(外表相像)。

  9.What could I achieve if I were really in top physical condition?

  本句中用了虛擬語氣,從句中用過去時(be動詞用were),主句中用could或should / would / might加動詞原形,表示的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè),如:

  1)If he were on time, we wouldn't have to wait for him.(如果他能準(zhǔn)時,我們就不用等他了。)

  2)If they had time now, they would come to see us.(如果他們現(xiàn)在有時間,他們就來看我們了。)

  in top physical condition 意思是“身體很健康”。如:

  The old man is in top (very good, excellent…) physical condition though he is already 76.(老人雖已七十六歲,但身體非常健康。)

  10.In the final analysis, we think that although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer, it can help you enjoy the years you do live.

  in the final analysis意思是ultimately(歸根結(jié)底),如:

  They realized in the final / last analysis that their job was to tell public the facts.(他們認(rèn)識到他們的工作歸根結(jié)底是把事實公諸于眾。)

  guarantee的意思是保證,擔(dān)保,后面可跟名詞;to do或that從句。如:

  1)Wealth doesn't guarantee happiness.(財富不能保證快樂。)

  2)They guaranteed to finish the work in two hours.(他們保證在兩個小時內(nèi)完成這項工作。)

  3)I guarantee that they will win the game.(我保證他們會贏這場比賽)。

  do在句中起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。

  本課主要短語(phrases and expressions)

  1.set aside

  2.a misuse of

  3.no better than

  4.prepare for / make preparations for

  5.be physically fit

  6.be seen as

  7.rather than

  8.pro or con

  9.involvement in / be/become/get involved in

  10.in pursuit of

  11. be engaged in

  12. have (no)difficulty doing sth.

  13.get support from

  14.make commitment to

  15.narrow in scope

  16.approach to

  17.in top physical condition

  18.be capable of

  19.keep in mind

  20.in the final analysis

  Text B    people and colors

  短語表達(dá)

  1. in general

  In general, girls do better on test about vocabulary than boys.

  In general, there are two different ideas about where to go.

  2. remind sb. of sth.

  The way he walks reminds me of his father.

  The picture reminds me of the days I spent in the countryside.

  3.associate with

  People usually associate the underground with something evil.

  They like to associate with people from all walks of life.

  4.react to

  I cannot imagine how the audience will react to his speech.

  Young children react to the color of an object before they react to its shape.

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