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09年自考英語一課堂筆記(unit23)

作者:   發(fā)布時(shí)間:2009-07-11 09:44:18  來源:
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  Text A    non-verbal connunication

  本課主要單詞

  1.non-verbal adj.   wordless, without involving the use of language (非詞語的,非語言的)

  non-是一個(gè)常用前綴,通常加在形容詞,名詞或副詞前,表示“非”,“無”,“不是”,“不重要的”,“無價(jià)值的”。如nonbeliever (無信仰的人)

  nonsmoker (不抽煙的人),nonstop (不停的,直達(dá)的), nonviolence(非暴力的),

  nondegree (非學(xué)位的),nonbook (無真實(shí)價(jià)值的書)

  1)Gesture is a form of non-verbal expression. (手勢是一種非語言的表達(dá)方式。)

  2)Professor Wang is going to give us a lecture on non-verbal communication. (王教授將給我們做關(guān)于非語言交際問題的講座。)

  3)You will have a better idea of it after you read the verbal instructions.(看了文字說明你就會(huì)對此有更深的了解。)

  2.oral adj. 口頭的

  1)He gave us an oral report after inspecting the factory. (視察了那家工廠后,他給我們作了口頭匯報(bào)。)

  2)They will have an oral English test tomorrow afternoon. (明天下午他們將有一個(gè)英語口試。)

  3)He broke the oral thermometer and had to buy a new one. (他摔壞了口腔溫度計(jì),不得不去買個(gè)新的。)

  3.approval n.

  agreement to an idea, plan, decision, etc.(贊成,同意);

  a formal statement that sth. is acceptable (認(rèn)可批準(zhǔn))

  -al是一個(gè)名詞后綴,用在動(dòng)詞后面構(gòu)成名詞,表示“動(dòng)作”,“過程”。如:

  arrive——arrival  deny——denial  refuse——refusal

  survive——survival  try——trial  withdraw——withdraw 等等

  我們以前也學(xué)習(xí)過-al做形容詞后綴,如:brutal 的),mortal (致命的),racial (種族的),social (社會(huì)的)等等

  1)He nodded his approval when we informed him of our plan. (當(dāng)我們把計(jì)劃告訴他時(shí),他點(diǎn)頭表示同意。)

  2)His proposal won the approval of many people. (他的建議贏得了許多人的支持。)

  3)My idea is unlikely to meet with the approval of my parents. (我的想法不可能得到我父母的認(rèn)可。)

  4)This project has the approval of the National Treasury. (這個(gè)項(xiàng)目得到了國家財(cái)政部的批準(zhǔn)。)

  5)She didn't conceal her disapproval of what we had done. (她毫不掩蓋自己對我們所為的不贊成。)

  6)The colonel looked at the soldier with disapproval. (上校以非難的目光看著那個(gè)士兵。)

  7)His marriage was not approved by his family. (他的家人不贊同他的婚姻。)

  8)My boss approved of my attending the conference. (老板同意我出席會(huì)議。)

  本句中的approve作不及物動(dòng)詞用,后面接of + (動(dòng))名詞,不接復(fù)合賓語。

  4.frown n. v. 皺眉;不滿

  1)He gave me a frown of disapproval. (他向我做了個(gè)不贊成的表情。)

  2)She frowned at her mother when she was asked to do some housework.(要她做點(diǎn)家務(wù)事時(shí),她朝母親皺眉頭。)

  3)Critics frowned on/upon the idea. (評論家對這種意見表示不贊同。)

  5.reaction n. 反應(yīng);對抗

  在前一單元中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了動(dòng)詞react, reaction是react的名詞形式。無論用動(dòng)詞還是名詞,當(dāng)表示“對…作出反應(yīng)”時(shí),后面要用介詞to.如:

  1)How did he react to the news? (他對此消息如何反應(yīng)?)

  2)What was their reaction to your proposal? (他們對你的建議有何反應(yīng)?)

  3)I am not sure how he will react to such a straightforward answer. (我吃不準(zhǔn)他會(huì)對如此直率的回答作出什么反應(yīng)。)

  4)What was the audience's reaction to his speech? (聽眾對他的發(fā)言有何反應(yīng)?)

  6.embarrass v. 使窘迫,使為難;麻煩,妨礙

  1)She was embarrassed by her husband's drunken behavior. (她丈夫的酒后舉止使她難堪。)

  2)It embarrasses me even to think about it. (我連想想這件事都覺得不好意思。)

  3)We didn't want to embarrass him in any way. (我們一點(diǎn)也不想使他為難。)

  4)We found him embarrassed with debts. (我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)負(fù)債累累。)

  7.staff n. 全體職工、參謀部     v. 為…配備工作人員

  1)The company has got a staff of more than 800. (這家公司有800多名職工。)

  2)The editorial staff of a newspaper demanded pay increases. (一家報(bào)紙的全體編輯人員要求增加工資。)

  3)He served as a chief of staff in the army. (他在部隊(duì)做參謀長。)

  4)The labs are staffed with two engineers. (實(shí)驗(yàn)室里配備了兩名工程師。)

  5)We must staff the center with men with a formal training. (我們必須為中心配備受過正規(guī)訓(xùn)練的人員。)

  在第七單元中我們學(xué)過stuff這個(gè)詞,并把staff和stuff做過比較,再請看幾個(gè)例句,注意stuff的意思和用法。

  1)The secretary has to get all the stuff ready before the meeting starts.(會(huì)議開始前秘書得把所有的東西準(zhǔn)備好。)

  2)——Do you want some jelly? (你想來點(diǎn)果子凍嗎?)

  ——No, I hate the stuff. (不,我討厭那東西。)

  3)The buses are always stuffed with passengers during the rush hours.(上下班高峰時(shí)間,公共汽車上總是擠滿了乘客。)

  4)He really wanted to stuff his ears with cotton-wool when his mother rattled on. (母親喋喋不休時(shí),他真想用棉托把耳朵堵上。)

  8.gesture n. 姿勢,手勢;(外交等方面的)姿態(tài)   v. 做手勢

  1)He gestured to me to sit down. (他示意我坐下。)

  2)She gestured with her head towards the closed door. (她用頭朝緊閉的門示意了一下。)

  3)The old man gestured me to his study. (老人示意我去他的書房。)

  4)He raised his hands in a gesture of despair. (他舉起雙手以示絕望。)

  5)What he has done is just a political gesture to draw popular support. (他所做的只是爭取民眾支持的一種政治姿態(tài)。)

  9.proximity n. 接近,親近,近似

  這個(gè)詞用得很正式,意思相當(dāng)于closeness.如:

  1)Much of the town's attractiveness lies in its proximity to Niagara Falls.(這座城市吸引人的地方主要在于它離尼亞加拉瀑布很近。)

  2)I have grown accustomed to the continual proximity of the animals. (我已習(xí)慣總有動(dòng)物在我附近。)

  3)be in close proximity to (非常接近于)

  4)in the proximity of (在…附近)

  5)proximity of blood (近親)

  6)proximity effect (鄰近效應(yīng))

  7)proximity talks (近距離間接會(huì)談)

  10.cultural adj. 文化的

  在講第三個(gè)單詞approval時(shí),我們提到-al可以做名詞后綴用,也可以做形容詞后綴用。在cultural這個(gè)單詞中-al做形容詞后綴用。

  1)Cultural differences caused a lot of misunderstandings. (文化方面的差異造成了許多誤解。)

  2)These peoples have different cultural traditions. (這些民族有著不同的文化傳統(tǒng)。)

  3)This city is often referred to as a cultural desert. (這個(gè)城市常被稱為文化沙漠。)

  11.invasion n. 入侵,侵略

  這個(gè)單詞的動(dòng)詞形式是invade.In是個(gè)前綴,意思是 “into”,vade是個(gè)詞根,意思是 “to go”。

  -sion是個(gè)常用的名詞后綴,加在動(dòng)詞后面構(gòu)成名詞。如:

  decide——decision (決定)  pervade——pervasion (彌漫)

  evade——evasion (逃避)

  1)Japan launched an invasion into China. (日本入侵中國。)

  2)This is an evasion of individual privacy. (這是對個(gè)人隱私的干預(yù)。)

  3)What you are doing now will undoubtedly invade the rights of others. (你現(xiàn)在的所為無疑將侵犯他人的權(quán)利。)

  4)No one would allow his family privacy to be invaded. (誰也不會(huì)允許自己的家庭私生活受到侵?jǐn)_。)

  12.fiddle n. 小提琴  v. 拉提琴;不停撥弄;閑蕩

  在口語中人們常用fiddle來表示演奏民間音樂的小提琴。請看幾個(gè)例句,注意fiddle的意思。

  1)In his eyes father plays first fiddle in the family. (在他看來父親在家里居首要地位。)

  2)His face was as long as a fiddle when his request was refused. (他的要求遭到拒絕時(shí)他拉長了臉。)

  3)Don't worry about him. He is as fit as a fiddle. (別為他擔(dān)心,他非常健康。)

  再請看fiddle做動(dòng)詞用時(shí)的意思:

  1)He sat nervously fiddling with his spectacles. (他坐在那兒緊張地?fù)芘难坨R。)

  2)He didn't like anyone to fiddle with his bicycle. (他不喜歡任何亂動(dòng)他的自行車。)

  3)Don't fiddle about, go and help your mum with the housework. (別再閑蕩了,去幫媽媽做家務(wù)。)

  4)Father was angry because Tom fiddled away the whole day. (父親很生氣,因?yàn)闇防速M(fèi)了整整一天的時(shí)間。)

  13.wriggle v. / n. 蠕動(dòng),扭動(dòng),蜿蜒

  英語中以wr開首的單詞,w通常不發(fā)音,如write (寫),wrap (包扎),wrestle (摔跤),wretched (痛苦的),wring (擰),wrinkle (皺紋),wrong (錯(cuò)誤的)

  1)The child wriggled out of his mother's arms. (那孩子扭動(dòng)著掙脫了母親的懷抱。)

  2)A snake wriggled across the road. (一條蛇蜿蜒游過公路。)

  3)He got through the hole with a wriggle. (他扭動(dòng)著身子從洞口鉆了出去。)

  14.confess v. 承認(rèn);坦白,供認(rèn)

  1)He confessed his crime in the face of the evidence. (在證據(jù)面前,他認(rèn)罪了。)

  2)He confessed hating his present job. (他承認(rèn)他恨目前的工作。)

  3)I have to confess that I didn't understand what she said. (我不得不承認(rèn)我沒聽懂她說的話。)

  4)He confessed to being a drug addict. (他承認(rèn)自己有毒癮。)

  5)The student refused to confess to having cheated on the exam. (那個(gè)學(xué)生拒絕承認(rèn)考試作弊。)

  從以上的例句中我們可以看出confess可以作及物動(dòng)詞用,也可作不及物動(dòng)詞用。作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí),confess的后面可以接名詞、動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句等。作不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí),confess的后面要接介詞to,其用法同于admit to sth/doing sth

  15.intense adj. 強(qiáng)烈的,緊張的;熱烈的

  1)Because of the intense heat, I slept very little last night. (由于天氣酷熱,我昨夜沒怎么睡。)

  2)The intense light dazzled my eyes. (強(qiáng)光使我目眩。)

  3)He has intense interest in computer. (他對計(jì)算機(jī)有極大的興趣。)

  4)Diplomatic activity has been intense recently. (近來外交活動(dòng)緊張頻繁。)

  16.brief adj. 簡短的,簡潔的  v. 作簡要的介紹,匯報(bào)

  1)He will go to England for a brief visit. (他將去英國進(jìn)行短期訪問。)

  2)She only made a brief statement at the meeting. (她在會(huì)上只作了簡短的陳述。)

  3)They briefed the press about the recent happenings. (他們向報(bào)界通報(bào)最近發(fā)生的事情。)

  4)They had been well briefed about the political situation. (對政治形勢他們已被簡要告知。)

  17.volume n. 卷冊,書卷;體積;音量

  1)The community has a library of 12,000 volumes. (這個(gè)社區(qū)有一個(gè)藏書12,000的圖書館。)

  2)The passenger volume this May was not as big last May. (今天五月的客流量沒有去年的大。)

  3)Turn down the volume please. The baby is sleeping. (寶寶在睡覺,請把音量調(diào)低。)

  本課簡介

  談到人與人之間的交流方式,人們會(huì)很自然地想到語言(口頭語言或書面語言),而另一種人們在無意識(shí)之中常常運(yùn)用的交流方式(非語言交際或稱肢體語言)也正受到越來越多的關(guān)注和研究。

  一般的歐洲人會(huì)對自己所贊同的東西以微笑和點(diǎn)頭的方式表示贊許,對自己所不贊同的東西則皺眉和搖頭。不用說一句話,人們就可以此來表明自己的態(tài)度。肢體語言與文化是密切相關(guān)的,比如中國人的微笑不一定表示贊許,倒可能是出于不安。

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