2012考研報道：考后首發(fā)2012年考研真題及答案解析

　考研英語作文經(jīng)典詞匯

　　一、 圖表作文常用詞匯：

　　表格圖table ;

　　圖表chart;diagram graph column

　　描述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent

　　數(shù)字figure;

　　數(shù)據(jù) statistic;

　　百分比 percentage;

　　比例 proportion

　　上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up

　　下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down

　　平穩(wěn):stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to

　　波動:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down

　　占ccupy take up account for gain

　　而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact

　　相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with

　　比較高點(diǎn):the highest the top the summit the peak the most

　　比較低點(diǎn):bottom less least rock bottom

　　平均:mean average

　　趨勢:tendancy trend inclination

　　預(yù)見:prediction

　　達(dá)到頂峰: mount to

　　由…組成：consist of/be made up of /be composed of

　　占44%比例：account for /make up 44 percent

　　位居第一：rank the first

　　僅次于is second to

　　居第二位：in second spot

　　倒數(shù)第一is the last one

　　第二大部份rank the second/the second largest section

　　與..相比：compared with

　　A與B成比例A be in proportion to B

　　差不多：About/around/roughly

　　多達(dá) as many as

　　正好：Exactly/precisely

　　水平：level off

　　二、 圖畫作文常用詞匯：

　　(1) 常見熱點(diǎn)詞匯：

　　1. 素質(zhì)教育 ：Quality Education

　　2. EQ：分兩種，一種為教育商數(shù)Educational quotient，另一種情感商數(shù)Emotional quotient

　　3. 保險業(yè)： the insurance industry

　　4. 保證重點(diǎn)指出： ensure funding for priority areas

　　5. 補(bǔ)發(fā)拖欠的養(yǎng)老金： clear up pension payments in arrears

　　6. 不良貸款： non-perFORMing loan

　　7. 層層轉(zhuǎn)包和違法分包： mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting

　　8. 城鄉(xiāng)信用社： credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas

　　9. 城鎮(zhèn)居民比較低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents

　　10. 城鎮(zhèn)職工醫(yī)療保障制度： the system of medical insurance for urban workers

　　11. 出口信貸： export credit

　　12. 貸款質(zhì)量： loan quality

　　13. 貸款質(zhì)量五級分類辦法： the five-category assets classification for bank loans

　　14. 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險： take precautions against and reduce financial risks

　　15. 防洪工程： flood-prevention project

　　16. 非法外匯交易 ： illegal foreign exchange transaction

　　17. 非貿(mào)易收匯： foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels

　　18. 非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)： non-bank financial institutions

　　19. 費(fèi)改稅： transFORM administrative fees into taxes

　　20. 跟蹤審計： foolow-up auditing

　　21. 工程監(jiān)理制度： the monitoring system for projects

　　22. 國有資產(chǎn)安全： the safety of state-owned assets

　　23. 過度開墾 ： excess reclamation

　　24. 合同管理制度： the contract system for governing projects

　　25. 積極的財政政策 ： pro-active fiscal policy

　　26. 基本生活費(fèi)： basic allowance

　　27. 解除勞動關(guān)系： sever labor relation

　　28. 金融監(jiān)管責(zé)任制： the responsibility system for financial supervision

　　29. 經(jīng)濟(jì)安全： economic security

　　30. 靠擴(kuò)大財政赤字搞建設(shè)： to increase the deficit to spend more on development

　　31. 擴(kuò)大國內(nèi)需求 ： the expansion of domestic demand

　　32. 拉動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長： fuel economic growth

　　33. 糧食倉庫： grain depot

　　34. 糧食收購企業(yè)： grain collection and storage enterprise

　　35. 糧食收購資金實(shí)行封閉運(yùn)行： closed operation of grain purchase funds

　　36. 糧食銷售市場： grain sales market

　　37. 劣質(zhì)工程： shoddy engineering

　　38. 亂收費(fèi)、亂攤派、亂罰款： arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines

　　39. 騙匯、逃匯、套匯： obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

　　40. 融資渠道： financing channels

　　41. 商業(yè)信貸原則： the principles for commercial credit

　　42. 社會保險機(jī)構(gòu)： social security institution

　　43. 失業(yè)保險金： unemployment insurance benefits

　　44. 偷稅、騙稅、逃稅、抗稅： tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes

　　45. 外匯收支： foreign exchange revenue and spending

　　46. 安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents

　　47. 信息化： inFORMation-based; inFORMationization

　　48. 智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive

　　49. 外資企業(yè)： overseas-funded enterprises

　　50. 下崗職工： laid-off workers

　　51. 分流： reposition of redundant personnel

　　52. 素質(zhì)教育： education for all-round development

　　53. 豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects

　　54. 社會治安情況： law-and-order situation

　　55. 民族國家： nation state

　　56. “****”： "independence of Taiwan"

　　57. 臺灣當(dāng)局： Taiwan authorities

　　58. 臺灣同胞 ： Taiwan compatriots

　　59. 臺灣是中國領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.

　　60. 西部大開發(fā) ： Development of the West Regions

　　61. 可持續(xù)性發(fā)展： sustainable development

　　62. 風(fēng)險投資 ： risk investment

　　63. 通貨緊縮 ： deflation

　　64. 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需 ： to expand domestic demand

　　65. 計算機(jī)輔助教學(xué)： computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )

　　66. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間： cyberspace

　　67. 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)： virtual reality

　　68. 網(wǎng)民 ： netizen ( net citizen )

　　69. 電腦犯罪 ： computer crime

　　70. 電子商務(wù)： the e-business

　　71. 網(wǎng)上購物 ： shopping online

　　72. 應(yīng)試教育： exam-oriented education

　　73. 學(xué)生減負(fù) ： to reduce study load

　　74. “厄爾尼諾”：(EL Nino)

　　75. “拉尼娜”：(La Nina)

　　76. “智商”：(IQ)

　　77. “情商”：(EQ)

　　78. “第三產(chǎn)業(yè)”：(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises)79.“第四產(chǎn)業(yè)”：(quaternary/inFORMation industry)

　　79. “軍嫂”：(military spouse)

　　80. “峰會”(香港譯“極峰會議”)”：summit(conference

　　81. “克隆”：clone

　　82. “冰毒”：ice

　　83. “搖頭丸”：dancing outreach

　　84. “傳銷”：multi level marketing

　　85. “(計算機(jī))2000年問題”：Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)

　　86. “白皮書”：white paper(不是white cover book)

　　87. “傻瓜相機(jī)”：Instamatic(商標(biāo)名， 焦距、鏡頭均固定，被稱為foolproof相機(jī));

　　88. “白條”：IOU note(IOU：債款、債務(wù)，由I owe you 的讀音縮略轉(zhuǎn)義而來)

　　89. “巡回招聘”：milk round(一種招聘畢業(yè)生的方式，大公司走訪各大學(xué)及學(xué)院， 向求職者介紹本公司情況并與報名者晤談)。

　　90. “減員增效”：increase efficiency by downsizing staff;

　　91. “抓大放小”：manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones;

　　92. “市政府要辦的X件實(shí)事”：x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government’s working agenda;

　　93. “兩個基本點(diǎn)”：two focal points，two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC，I.e.upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reFORM，opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。

　　94. “投資熱點(diǎn)”：a region attractive to investors，a muchsought piece of hand， popular investment spot

　　95. “移動電話”：本系cellular(有時簡作cel)或mobile(tele)phone

　　96. “三角債”：chain debts或debt chains

　　97. “拳頭產(chǎn)品”：knockout product

　　98. “投訴熱線”：dial-a-cheat confidential hotline(打電話告訴一件欺詐事件)

　　99. “三通”的現(xiàn)譯文three links：link of trade，travel and post

　　100. “外資”：overseas investments

　　101. “開放”：open to the outside world

　　102. “聯(lián)防”：community/teampolicing(一種由警察和轄區(qū)居民共同參與的治安管理)

　　103. “三陪服務(wù)”：escort services(陪伴服務(wù))。

　　104. “五講四美”：five stresses and four points of beauty

　　105. “暴利”：excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好)

　　106. “暴發(fā)戶”：upstart，parvenu，noov(e)，nouveau riche(new rich)，jumped-up people(口語)

　　107. “快餐”：snack(food)，quick meal，fast(food，meal)，takeaway，carryout， MRE(meals ready to eat) “一次(性/用)”

　　108. 一次處理：single/primary treatment;

　　109. 一次污染：primary pollution;

　　110. 一次凍透：straight;freez-ing;

　　111. 一次空氣：fresh/primary air;

　　112. 一次爆破：onepull;

　　113. 一次付清： pay in full;

　　114. 一次消費(fèi)：one-time-consumption;

　　115. 一次誤差：first-order error;

　　116. 一次成像照片：a Polaroid picture;

　　117. 一次償還信貸： non-in-stallment;

　　118. 一次性杯子：sanitary cup;

　　119. 一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks;

　　120. 一次性收入：lump-sum payment;

　　121. 一次用包裝：non-returnable container;

　　122. 一次用相機(jī)：single-use camera

　　123. 西部開發(fā)：Develop Western Regions

　　124. 假日經(jīng)濟(jì)：Holiday Economy

　　125. 手機(jī)的利與弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the Cell Phone

　　126. 傳呼機(jī)不久將會被淘汰嗎?：Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use?

　　127. 電腦病毒：Computer Viruses

　　128. 網(wǎng)上犯罪：Cyber Crimes

　　129. 旅游熱：Tourism Wave

　　130. 打拐：Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children

　　131. 反毒斗爭：Anti-drug Battle

　　132. 黑客：Hackers

　　133. 減負(fù)：Reduction of Students’ Study Load

　　134. 中國加入世貿(mào)組織：China’s Entry into the WTO

　　135. 沙塵暴：Sandstorms

　　136. 告別1999：Farewell to the Special Year 1999

　　137. 千年蟲：The Millennium Bug

　　138. 千禧年的夢想：My Millennium Dreams

　　139. 擁抱新千年：Embracing the New Millennium

　　140. 網(wǎng)上購物：Shopping on the Net

　　141. 參考書的負(fù)面效應(yīng)：My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books

　　142. 因特網(wǎng)的利與弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet

　　143. 人類第一張基因草圖的意義：The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human Genome Map

　　144. 高校合并：The Merging of Universities

　　145. 網(wǎng)上求職：Hunting for A Job on Internet

　　146. 何為新世紀(jì)的好老師?：What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century?

　　147. 中國的外資：China’s foreign Investment

　　148. 中國的人才流失：The Talent Flight in China

　　149. 性教育：Sex Education

　　150. 明天的因特網(wǎng)：The Future Tomorrows Internet

　　151. 課堂是以教師為中心還是以學(xué)生為中心?：A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class?

　　152. 現(xiàn)有的考試制度的利與弊：The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System

　　153. 中國的因特網(wǎng)：Internet in China

　　154. 中國的電腦：Computers in China

　　155. 中國的大學(xué)英語教學(xué)：College English Teaching in China

　　156. 新的收費(fèi)政策把學(xué)生拒之門外了嗎?：Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away?

　　157. 家教的利與弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring

　　158. 教師，國家的未來：Teachers, A Nation’s Future

　　159. 電子詞典：Electronic Dictionaries

　　160. 教育應(yīng)是應(yīng)試教育還是素質(zhì)教育：Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented

　　161. 提倡創(chuàng)新精神：Develop Our Creative Mind

　　162. 計算機(jī)輔助教學(xué)：CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction

　　163. 自動取款機(jī)的利與弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM

　　164. 展望廿一世紀(jì)：Looking Forward to the 21st Century

　　165. 盜版問題：Problem of Piracy

　　166. 學(xué)會如何學(xué)習(xí)：Learn How to Learn

　　167. 假文憑：Fake Diplomas

　　168. 書的不良影響：My View on the Negative Effects of Books

　　169. 人們?yōu)槭裁礋嶂杂诿�彩�?：Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery?

　　170. 兼職工作：My View on a Part-time Job

　　171. 無償獻(xiàn)血：Blood Donation without Repayment

　　172. 留學(xué)海外：Studying Abroad

　　173. 發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)還是保護(hù)環(huán)境?：Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment?

　　174. 電子郵件：The Internet E-mail

　　175. 擁抱知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的新時代：Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age

　　176. 努力更新知識：Trying to Renew Knowledge

　　177. 深化(中國的)改革：Deepen China’s ReFORM

　　178. 因特網(wǎng)的利與弊：The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet

　　179. 我們需要因特網(wǎng)嗎?：Do We Need Internet?

　　180. 大學(xué)英語考試：College English Test

　　181. 大學(xué)英語四、六級考試有必要嗎?：Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary?

　　182. 廿一世紀(jì)的青年人：The Youth and the 21st Century

　　(2) 分類熱點(diǎn)詞匯：

　　1. 涉及文化教育的詞匯：

　　自學(xué)成才 to become educated through independent study

　　啟發(fā)式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method

　　填鴨式教學(xué)法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching

　　普及教育 universal education

　　義務(wù)教育 compulsory education; free education

　　學(xué)前教育 preschool education

　　初等教育 elementary education

　　中等教育 secondary education

　　高等教育 higher/tertiary education

　　普遍教育 general education

　　成人教育 adult education

　　職業(yè)技術(shù)教育 vocational and technical education

　　國家教育委員會 State Education Commission

　　高等學(xué)校 institution of higher education

　　綜合性大學(xué) comprehensive university

　　文科大學(xué) university of liberal arts

　　文科院校 colleges of art

　　理工科大學(xué) college/university of science and engineering

　　師范大學(xué) normal university; teachers' university

　　師范學(xué)院 teachers' college

　　工業(yè)大學(xué) polytechnical university

　　工業(yè)學(xué)院 engineering institute

　　農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) agricultural university

　　農(nóng)學(xué)院 agricultural college

　　醫(yī)科大學(xué) medical university

　　醫(yī)學(xué)院 medical college/school

　　中醫(yī)院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine

　　音樂學(xué)院 conservatory of music

　　美術(shù)學(xué)院 academy of fine arts

　　體育學(xué)院 physical culture institute

　　分校 branch school

　　重點(diǎn)學(xué)校 key school

　　業(yè)余學(xué)校 spare-time school

　　業(yè)余職工大學(xué) spare-time college for staff and workers

　　電視廣播大學(xué) television and radio broadcasting university

　　函授學(xué)院 correspondence school

　　教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校 teachers' college for vocational studies

　　成人夜校 night school for adults

　　業(yè)余藝術(shù)/體育學(xué)校 amateur arts/athletic school

　　半工半讀學(xué)校 part-work and part-study school

　　中等專業(yè)學(xué)校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school

　　中等技術(shù)學(xué)校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school

　　職業(yè)學(xué)校 vocational school

　　附中 attached middle school

　　在職進(jìn)修班 in-service training course

　　進(jìn)修班 class for advanced studies

　　短訓(xùn)班 short-term training course

　　專修科 special (training) course

　　自學(xué)考試 self-taught examination

　　教職員 teaching and administrative staff

　　教學(xué)人員 the faculty; teaching staff

　　中、小學(xué)校長headmaster/headmistress; principal

　　大專院校校長 president; chancellor

　　教務(wù)長 dean of studies

　　(系)主任 chairman; chairperson

　　副主任 vice-chairman

　　教授 professor

　　副教授 associate professor

　　客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor

　　講師 lecturer

　　助教 assistant

　　專職教師 full-time teacher

　　兼職教師 part-time teacher

　　輔導(dǎo)員 assistant for political and ideological work

　　教研室/組 teaching and research section/group

　　教學(xué)組 teaching group

　　教員休息室 staff room; common room

　　母校 Alma Mater

　　校友 alumnus; alumna

　　學(xué)生會 students' union/association

　　高年級學(xué)生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades

　　低年級學(xué)生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades

　　走讀生 day student; non-resident student

　　住宿生 boarder

　　旁聽生 auditor

　　研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student)

　　應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates

　　聽課 to visit a class; to sit in on a class;p to attend a lecture

　　公開課 open class

　　課程 course; curriculum

　　必修課 required/compulsory course

　　選修課 elective/optional course

　　基礎(chǔ)課 basic course

　　專業(yè)課 specialized course

　　課程表 school timetable

　　課外活動 extracurricular activities

　　課外輔導(dǎo) instruction after class

　　課外閱讀 outside reading

　　課堂討論 class discussion

　　(大學(xué)的)研究小組;討論會 seminar

　　教學(xué)大綱 teaching program; syllabus

　　教學(xué)內(nèi)容 content of courses

　　學(xué)習(xí)年限 period of schooling

　　學(xué)歷 record of formal schooling

　　學(xué)年 school/academic year

　　學(xué)期 (school)term; semester

　　學(xué)分 credit

　　分?jǐn)?shù) mark; grade

　　五分制 the 5-grade marking system

　　百分制 100-mark system

　　學(xué)習(xí)成績 academic record; school record

　　成績單 school report; report card; transcript

　　畢業(yè)論文 thesis; dissertation

　　畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí) graduation field work

　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計 graduation ceremony

　　畢業(yè)典禮 graduation ceremony; commencement

　　畢業(yè)證書 diploma; graduation certificate

　　畢業(yè)鑒定 graduation appraisal

　　授予某人學(xué)位 to confer a degree on sb.

　　升級 to be promoted to a higher grade

　　留級 to repeat the year's work; to stay down

　　補(bǔ)考 make-up examination

　　升學(xué)t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school

　　升學(xué)率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade

　　獎學(xué)金 scholarship

　　(國家)助學(xué)金 (state)stipend/subsidy

　　領(lǐng)取助學(xué)金的學(xué)生 a grant-aided student

　　學(xué)費(fèi) tuition (fee)

　　伙食費(fèi) board expenses

　　伙食補(bǔ)助 food allowance

　　文憑 diplomas and certificates

　　考研熱 the craze for graduate school study

　　應(yīng)試教育 the examination-oriented education

　　義務(wù)教育 compulsory education

　　復(fù)合型人才 interdisciplinary talents

　　文化底蘊(yùn) the rich cultural deposits

　　大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè) the university students’ innovative undertakings

　　擴(kuò)招 expand enrollment

　　被授予學(xué)位 be granted a an official certificate from

　　高分低能 good scores but low qualities

　　片面追求升學(xué)率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level

　　退學(xué) drop out of the school

　　形成淘汰制度 frame an elimination system

　　教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people

　　因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

　　德才兼?zhèn)?possess political integrity and professional ability

　　品學(xué)兼優(yōu) be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar

　　提高學(xué)生身心素質(zhì) improve the health and psychological quality

　　適應(yīng)社會的改變 adjust to the social changes quickly

　　滿足社會的急需 meet the urgent need of the society

　　保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán) protect the intellectual property

　　才疏學(xué)淺 be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge

　　努力獲得精神文明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress

　　減輕負(fù)擔(dān) reduce the heavy burdens

　　更加有意義和豐富的生活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life

　　2. 涉及工作的詞匯：

　　崇高職業(yè) noble career

　　白領(lǐng)工作 white-collar workers

　　跳槽 job-hopping

　　試用期 probationary period

　　人才流動和雙向選擇 talent flow and a dual-way selection

　　自由職業(yè) freelance work

　　拜金主義 money worship

　　獲得名利 achieve fame and wealth

　　充分發(fā)揮個人的潛力 develop fully one’s potential and creativity

　　實(shí)干精神 steadfast and earnest in one’s work

　　工作出色 excel in one’s work

　　無憂無慮 be care-free

　　社會和個人的尊重 social and personal esteem

　　生計問題 a bread and butter issue

　　生活補(bǔ)助 living subsidies

　　人才交流 talents exchange

　　培養(yǎng)人才 cultivate talents

　　推薦人才 recommend the virtuous and able

　　人才外流 brain drain

　　優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) optimize the structure

　　精簡人員 cut off the overstaffed offices

　　提高綜合素質(zhì) improve the comprehensive quality

　　解決勞動就業(yè)問題 tackle the problem of labor force utilization

　　砸掉大鍋飯 shatter the convention of iron bowl

　　堅持改革 be persistent in the reform progress

　　造成失業(yè)問題 bring about the unemployment problem

　　下崗人員 the laid-off workers

　　自謀生路 be self-employed

　　給出優(yōu)惠政策 give preferential treatment

　　享受失業(yè)救濟(jì)金 enjoy unemployment pension

　　需要安全感和生活保障 need a sense of security and guarantee of life

　　勞動力短缺 shortage of manpower

　　提高文化，智慧，品質(zhì)修養(yǎng) enhance their cultural and moral quality