2013初中英語語法指導(dǎo):非謂語動詞的用法

　　一、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的基本區(qū)別

　　從時間關(guān)系上看，不定式表未來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成，同時注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明顯的先后關(guān)系的完成);從主動與被動來看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動，同時注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式也表被動(不定式的被動式在表被動的同時還兼表未來，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式表被動的同時還兼表進行)。如：

　　1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year. (湖南卷)

　　A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

　　【分析】答案選 C。動詞不定式表示未來的動作。

　　2. _________from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (湖北卷)

　　A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated

　　【分析】答案選 C。因為Australia與separate是被動關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語動詞has之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式作原因狀語。

　　二、考查非謂語動詞的主動式與被動式

　　結(jié)合句子意思，考察非謂語動詞與相應(yīng)邏輯主語的關(guān)系，若為主動關(guān)系，用主動式;若為被動關(guān)系，用被動式。此時要特別注意，過去分詞沒有相應(yīng)的被動式，因為它本身可以表示被動。如：

　　1. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well_________. (湖北卷)

　　A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending

　　【分析】答案選B。因money與spend是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。

　　2. The prize of the game show is$30000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China. (北京卷)

　　A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid

　　【分析】答案選B。因all expenses與pay是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。注意句中的an 不是修飾 expenses，而是修飾vacation。

　　3. When _________help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” (福建卷)

　　A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered

　　【分析】答案選 D。因一個人說“謝謝”，應(yīng)當(dāng)是他被提供了幫助，所以要用過去分詞，When offered help… =When he is offered help…

　　三、考查非謂語動詞完成式的用法

　　非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞)的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的動作。做題時要注意根據(jù)題干所提供的語境來推斷這種先后關(guān)系。如：

　　1. The storm left, _________a lot of damage to this area. (全國卷I)

　　A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused

　　【分析】答案選D。因The storm與cause是主動關(guān)系，排除選項A;不定式作狀語，前面通常不用逗號，排除B和C;因暴風(fēng)雨給這個地區(qū)“造成損失”是在“結(jié)束”之前，所以用完成式。

　　2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _________　advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (上海卷)

　　A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken

　　【分析】答案選 A。因people與take advantage of是主動關(guān)系，排除選項B和D;take不會發(fā)生在謂語are signing up之前，不用完成式，排除C。

　　四、考查非謂語動詞用作伴隨狀語

　　在通常情況下，表伴隨情況的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。如：

　　1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _________away. (全國卷III)

　　A. run B. running C. to run D. ran

　　【分析】答案選B�，F(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。

　　2. He glanced over at her, _________ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (廣東卷)

　　A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted

　　【分析】答案選 A。因為he與note是主謂關(guān)系，且note與謂語動詞glanced的動作同時發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作伴隨狀語。

　　3. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _________fun. (重慶卷)

　　A. had B. have C. to have D. having

　　【分析】答案選 D。用現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況。

　　說明：有時過去分詞也可表伴隨(注意過去分詞同時還表被動關(guān)系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：

　　He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來，后面跟著他的妻子。