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2013初中英語語法指導:數(shù)詞

來源:巨人網(wǎng)發(fā)布時間:2013-10-11 15:32:38

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  2013初中英語語法指導:數(shù)詞

  數(shù)詞

  一、本周內(nèi)容概述

  表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類。

  二、重點知識歸納及講解

  (一)基數(shù)詞

  基數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目,或者說表示數(shù)量的詞叫基數(shù)詞。最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表所示。

  1 one 11 eleven 100 a hundred

  2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1000 a thousand

  3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 a million

  4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10,000,000 ten million

  5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100,000,000 a hundred million

  6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1,000,000,000 a billion

  7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy

  8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty

  9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety

  10 ten

  說明:

  1.13—19是由個位數(shù)加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。注意其中13、15的拼寫是thirteen和fifteen。

  2.20—90由個位數(shù)加后綴-ty構(gòu)成,注意其中20—50的拼寫分別是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼寫是eighty。

  3.其它非整十的兩位數(shù)21—99是由整十位數(shù)加連字符“-”,再加個位數(shù)構(gòu)成。如: 81 eighty-one。

  4.101—999的基數(shù)詞先寫百位數(shù),后加and再寫十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)。如: 691 six hundred and ninety-one。

  5.1000以上的基數(shù)詞先寫千位數(shù),后寫百位數(shù),再加and,最后寫十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)。

  如:5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基數(shù)詞中只有表示“百”、“千”的單位詞,沒有單獨表示“萬”、“億”的單位詞,而是用thousand(千)和million(百萬)來表達,其換算關(guān)系為:1萬=10 thousand;1億=100 million; 10億=a thousand million=a billion。

  7.多位數(shù)的讀法:

  1)1000以上的多位數(shù),要使用計數(shù)間隔或逗號“,”。即從個位起,每隔三位加一個間隔或逗號。第一個間隔或逗號前是thousand(千),第二個間隔或逗號前是million(百萬),第三個間隔或逗號前是a thousand million或a billion(十億)。

  2)每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。讀的時候十位數(shù)(或個位數(shù))的前面一般要加and。如:

  888,000,000讀作:eight hundred and eighty-eight million。

  (二)、基數(shù)詞的用法

  1.基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式表示大量的 的數(shù)目。

  在這種情況下,表示單位的基數(shù)詞(hundred, thousand, million, billion)不能在詞尾加-s。

  例如:

  two hundred students 二百個學生

  five thousand years 五千年

  2.基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式表示大量的 的數(shù)目,在這種情況下,表示單位的基數(shù)詞詞尾加-s,要與of短語連用。

  3.基數(shù)詞在句中的作用

  基數(shù)詞的作用相當于名詞和形容詞,它在句子中可充當主語,賓語,表語和定語。

  例如:

  Three and five is eight. 3+5=8

  主語 表語

  How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子?

  I want eight. 我要八個。

  賓語

  There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八條小船。

  定語

  (三)序數(shù)詞

  表示順序的詞,叫序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)詞順序。除特殊情況外,序數(shù)詞一般都由相應的基數(shù)詞加后綴-th構(gòu)成。

  請見下表:

  第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上

  first eleventh twentieth

  second twelfth thirtieth

  third thirteenth fortieth

  fourth fourteenth fiftieth

  fifth fifteenth sixtieth

  sixth sixteenth seventieth

  seventh seventeenth eightieth

  eighth eighteenth ninetieth

  ninth nineteenth hundredth

  tenth thousandth

  說明:

  1.英語中表示第一、第二、第三的序數(shù)詞屬特殊形式,要注意它們的拼寫。

  2.表示“幾十”的序數(shù)詞通常是將基數(shù)詞詞尾y變成i再加上后綴-eth。

  3.其余的二位數(shù)序數(shù)詞是以相應的整十基數(shù)詞加個位序數(shù)詞。如:fifty-first(第五十一)。

  4.少數(shù)序數(shù)詞拼法不規(guī)則,如:fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth(第十二)等。

  注意:

  1.序數(shù)詞可縮寫為阿拉伯數(shù)字加序數(shù)詞最后兩個字母。

  例如:

  第一:(the) first=1 st

  第二:(the) second=2 nd

  第三:(the) third=3 rd

  第五:(the) fifth=5th

  第九十七:(the) ninety-seventh=97 th

  第一百零一:(the) one hundred (and)first=101st

  2.編了號的事物要用基數(shù)詞表示順序,但是基數(shù)詞要后置。

  例如:

  第一課:Lesson One

  第三十二頁:Page 32

  第305房間:Room 305

  第12路公共汽車:Bas No.12

 �。ㄎ�、序數(shù)詞的用法

  序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞一樣,也能起名詞或形容詞作用,在句子中作主語、表語、賓語和定語。

  例如:

  The first is bigger than the second. 第一個比第二個大。

  主語

  Give me the first. 把第一個給我。

  賓語

  She’s often the first to go to school. 她經(jīng)常第一個去上學。

  表語

  We’re going to learn the eighth lesson. 我們將要學習第八課。

  定語

  六、年、月、日和時間的表達法

  1.年份用基數(shù)詞表達,分兩位一讀,年份前用介詞in。

  例如:

  1999 nineteen ninety-nine

  2000 two thousand

  2001 two thousand and one

  2.月份的第一個字母要大寫,有些月份名稱有縮寫形式。

  例如:

  一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月(Apr.),五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。

  3.日期的表達要用序數(shù)詞,讀時前面要加定冠詞the,介詞要使用on。

  例如:

  在6月1日:on June 1 st 讀作:on June the first.

  年、月、日同時表達時,一般應先寫月、日、后寫年。

  例如:

  在2001年5月4日:on May 4 th, 2001。

  4.年代用基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)表示。

  例如:

  20世紀90年代:nineteen nineties

  21世紀20年代:twenty twenties

  5.時間表達法:時間可用順讀法或倒讀法兩種方式表達。

  例如:

  順讀法 倒讀法

  5:00 five (o’clock)

  6:18 six eighteen eighteen past six

  12:15 twelve fifteen fifteen (a quarter) past twelve

  4:30 four thirty half past four

  5:50 five fifty ten to six

  6:45 six forty-five a quarter to seven

  注意:

  1)表示整點時間,直接用基數(shù)詞表達,后邊可接o’clock (也可不加)。表達“幾點幾分”時,絕不能用o’clock。

  2)表達“15分”或“45分”時,常用quarter(刻)。

  3)在倒讀法中,如果鐘點不過半,須用“分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點數(shù)”的形式;如果鐘點過半,則用“差多少分鐘數(shù)+to+全鐘點(下個鐘點數(shù))”的形式。

  例如:

  8:20 twenty past eight

  8:40 twenty to nine

  6.分數(shù)的表達法

  1)分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時,分母用復數(shù)。

  2)小數(shù)的讀法:小數(shù)點前面的數(shù)按照基數(shù)詞的讀法,小數(shù)點后面的數(shù)按照數(shù)本身讀,小數(shù)點讀point。

  例如:

  0.38 zero point three eight

  96.89 ninety-six point eight nine

  3)百分數(shù),在數(shù)詞后加percent。

  例如:

  15%讀作:fifteen percent

  60%讀作:sixty percent

  7.表示語數(shù)

  1)…幾倍大小(長短,數(shù)量)=…幾倍(或分數(shù))+the size(length, amount)。

  例如:

  The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.

  地球是月球的49倍。

  2)…比…幾倍=…倍數(shù)(或分數(shù))+形容詞(副詞)比較級+than+被比部分。

  例如:

  His house is three times bigger than mine.

  他的房子比我的房子大三倍。

  3)…是…倍=…倍數(shù)(或分數(shù))+as +形容詞+as +被比部分。

  例如:

  This factory is four times as big as that one.

  這個工廠是那個工廠的四倍。

  8.表示約數(shù)

  1)“多于”用more than或over。

  例如:

  The street is over(more than) 500 metres long.

  這條街有500多米長。

  2)“小于”用less than。

  例如:

  Three are less than 30 people in the classroom.

  教室里不到三十人。

  3)“或…以上”用or more。

  例如:

  The building can hold 5000 people or more.

  那座建筑物可容納5000人或5000人以上。

  4)“或…以下”用or less。

  例如:

  We can finish the work in two weeks or less.

  我們可以在兩周內(nèi)或不到兩周完成這件工作。

  5)“大約”用about, around, nearly等。

  例如:

  The box weighs about 50 pounds.

  這箱子重約50鎊。

  6)“左右”用or so.

  例如:

  In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot.

  在過去的十年里,他們改變了許多。

  三、隨堂監(jiān)測A組

  I. 寫出下列基數(shù)詞相應的序數(shù)詞:

  1. one __________ 2. two _________ 3. three _________ 4. five ________

  5. eight __________ 6. nine _________ 7. twelve _________ 8. twenty __________

  9. thirty-one __________ 10. forty-four ___________ 11. fifty-seven ____________

  II. 把下列短語譯成英語:

  1. 第12課 ________________________ 2. 304號房間 _______________________

  3. 半小時 ________________________ 4. 每日三次 _______________________

  5. 第25頁 _______________________ 6. 20世紀90年代 ___________________

  7. 4路公共汽車 _____________________ 8. 第15中學 _____________________

  9. 21世紀 _________________________ 10. 兩噸半 ______________________

  11. 差一刻三點 _____________________ 12. 第二冊 ________________________

  13. 在他五十幾歲時 ___________________ 14. 二年級八班 ____________________

  15. 10:45 _____________________________ 16. 第十五單元 ____________________

  17. 第三冊第十三課 _______________________ 18. 三分之一 __________________

  19. 三百英鎊 _________________________ 20. 1994年3月22日 __________________

  四、隨堂監(jiān)測B組

  III. 選擇填空:

  1. 333 reads ___________.

  A. three hundred and thirty three B. three hundreds and thirty-three

  C. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundred thirty-three

  2. The _______ month of the year is February.

  A. one B. first C. two D. second

  3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _______.

  A. the ninth B. the nineth C. nine D. ninth

  4. It took me _______ to finish my homework.

  A. a half and two hour B. two hour and a half

  C. two and a half hour D. two and a half hours

  5. December is the _______ month of the year.

  A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelvieth D. twelfth

  6. Tom bought ______ for himself yesterday.

  A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe

  C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes

  7. There are _______ seconds in a minute.

  A. fourty B. forty C. sixteen D. sixty

  8. Lin Tao gets up at ______ in the morning.

  A. half past six B. six past half C. past half six D. half six past

  9. December ______ is Christmas.

  A. twenty-five B. the twenty-fifth C. the twentieth-five D. twentieth-fifth

  10. There are _____ stars in the universe.

  A. millions B. million of C. millions of D. million

  11. Monday is the _______ day of the week.

  A. two B. second C. three D. third

  12. Mr. Black left here _____ ago.

  A. half a hour B. half an hour C. an half hour D. a half hours

  13. There are _____ students in their school.

  A. nine hundred B. nine hundreds C. nine hundred of D. nine hundreds of

  14. There are _____ words in the text of the _____ Lesson.

  A. hundred of, Fifth B. a hundred of, Fiveth

  C. hundreds of, Fifth D. hundreds of, Fiveth

  15. We had learned about _____ English words by the end of last term.

  A. nine hundreds and forty-five B. nine hundreds of and forty-five

  C. nine hundred and forty-five D. nine hundred and fourty-five

  IV. 中考題集:

  1. About ______ people are in the People’s Park at weekends.

  A. two hundreds B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. hundred of

  2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峽大壩) should be _____higher than downstream (下游).

  A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters

  3. In our school several _____ students are able to search the Internet for useful information now.

  A. hundred of B. hundreds for C. hundred D. hundreds

  4. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age. How old am I?

  A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24

  5. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _______.

  A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922

  6. Look at the menu:

  SNACKS

  Hamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20

  Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00

  Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75

  Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00

  Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and ice cream.

  How much will he pay?

  A. Five dollars and sixty cents. B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.

  C. Three dollars and sixty cents. D. Two dollars.

  7. --- How many workers are there in your factory? --- There are two _______.

  A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of

  8. The film star is going to spend ______ dollars on a new dress for the coming party.

  A. three thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. three thousands of

  9. There are ______ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.

  A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of

  10. --- How many teachers are there in your school? --- ________, but I’m not sure.

  A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred

  11. I think ______ lesson is the most difficult in this book.

  A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifteen

  1. _______ travelers come to visit our city every year.

  A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Five hundreds D. Hundred

  2. The Games of ______ Olympiad in 2008 will be held in the city of Beijing.

  A. 29 B. the 29 C. 29th D. the 29th

  3. Fan Zhiyi’s transfer to Dundee Football Club at the end of last year aroused ______ Chinese people’s interest.

  A. thousand of B. thousand C. thousands of D. thousands

  4. About ______ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.

  A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds

  5. --- Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? --- No. I think we need ______ men.

  A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more

  6. --- Can you write the number eight five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?

  --- Yes, it is _____________.

  A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626

  7. There’re ______ students in our grade.

  A. hundreds of B. three hundreds of C. three hundreds D. three hundreds’

  8. ______ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, _______ of them are women workers.

  A. The number, first third B. The number, one third

  C. A number, half D. A number, three quarters

  9. _______ Germans come to visit China every year.

  A. Thousands of B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousands

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