11. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.

A. the first female member

B. was the first female member

C. the first female member who

D. of whom the first female member

答案：A

分析：主語同位語結構。B中多了一個謂語was，因為后面已經有一個謂語動詞served， 一個句子中出現(xiàn)2個謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯； C中who多余，用法也不正確；D中of whom多余，不是定語從句，考的是同位語結構。

參考譯文：Frances Perkins，是美國內閣的第一為女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內閣擔任勞工部秘書。

12. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.

A. is added baking powder

B. added baking powder is

C. is baking powder added

D. baking powder is added

答案：D

分析：When為狀語從句引導詞；語序應該為正常語序，A，C錯；B語序混亂，明顯應該用被動形式，而且有固定結構add to.

參考譯文：當把烘烤用粉加到面團里加熱的時候，會釋放出二氧化碳，使得面團漲開。

13. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.

A. The calculation of

B. To calculate

C. Is calculating

D. Calculated

答案：B

分析：to calculate，這里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的邏輯主語是geneticists，只有B符合要求；A中只有主語，句子不完整。

參考譯文：遺傳學家運用概率的理論來計算在后代中擁有相似特點個體占有的百分比。

補充： 如同A的形式， 逗號前面就是一個名詞短語， 然而正確的句子里， 名詞短語要么作為主語的同位語， 要么本身是主語， 如11題。 否則就是脫離句子成分， 成為錯誤。

14. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements, where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts, rather than on improvisation.

A. is more

B. whenever more

C. there is more

D. more

答案：C

分析：where引導狀語從句，后面缺主謂。

參考譯文：大型樂隊爵士依賴于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂的樂器超過一個，而不是現(xiàn)聲發(fā)揮。

15. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.

A. them

B. so that

C. those

D. their

答案：D

分析：those是泛指，這里應該用their來特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.

參考譯文：因為海藻們的不同特性，植物學家把他們分成7個不同的組別或分支。

16. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material， _________ of DNA and various types of protein.

A. consisting

B. as to consist

C. consist

D. which consisting

答案：A

分析：分詞作狀語。如果用consist的話，應該用個conj.后面加個完整的句子。

參考譯文：染色體現(xiàn)今被認為是主要的遺傳物質攜帶者，這些遺傳物質由DNA和各種各樣的蛋白質組成。

17. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.

A. that normally

B. of which it normally

C. normally

D. that it normally

答案：A

分析：句中出現(xiàn)is和preys兩個謂語動詞，一定是個復合句；用that引導定語從句，pinniped為先行詞，that后為不完整句。

參考譯文：美洲虎海豹是僅有的捕食企鵝和其他海豹的鰭足類動物。

18. _________ “nova” means new， novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.

A. That

B. Why

C. Although

D. It is

答案：C

分析：空格后有2個完整句，空格處需要一個conj.

參考譯文：盡管nova意味著新的，但其實新星們是存在了很久而突然閃耀出光輝的恒星。

19. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________， Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.

A. Earth is

B. is from Earth

C. what is Earth

D. is it Earth

答案：A

分析：比較結構的對稱性：Mars is farther …… than Earth is，is后省略了from the Sun

參考譯文：因為火星比地球離太陽要遠，火星繞太陽轉一圈的時間要比地球長。

20. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.

A. a complex network

B. how a complex network

C. a complex network and

D. a network that is complex

答案：A

分析：缺賓語。B中的從句只有主語，句子不完整，錯；C中and作為連詞，后面缺謂語，錯；D錯，因為of前應該為名詞。

參考譯文：社會系統(tǒng)就是一個社會關系的復雜網絡，這個網絡里把成員的行為方式向核心價值觀靠攏。