2011年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)完形填空測(cè)試概述（8）

來(lái)源：育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2011-12-10

　　試題分析
　　In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they liked. Then in 1935, the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.
　　Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain. Offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on a restricted road, exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving, and exceeding the 70 m.p.h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more.
　　The main controversy(爭(zhēng)論) surrounding speeding law is the extend of their safety values. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m.p.h. was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents.
　　Likewise, when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also few casualties in the year after the 70 m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.
　　In America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits made advisory, as is done in parts of the USA.
　　Questions: (注意: 答題盡量簡(jiǎn)短, 超過(guò)10個(gè)詞要扣分. 每條橫線限寫(xiě)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞, 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不占格)
　　1. During which period could British motorists drive without speed limits?

　　2. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions?
　　3. Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he ________.
　　4. What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws?
　　5. What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents?
　　本篇談?wù)撈�車限速�?wèn)題. 第一段介紹了英國(guó)的限速歷史; 第二段說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在英國(guó)有三類超速違章; 第三段引用交通部認(rèn)為限速對(duì)安全有利的觀點(diǎn); 第四段指出在美國(guó)人們對(duì)于限速的反對(duì)態(tài)度.
　　第一題考的是英國(guó)沒(méi)有限速是在哪一個(gè)時(shí)期. 這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)可以很快地在第一段有關(guān)英國(guó)限速的歷史中找到. 1930-1934 或者From 1930 to 1934或者Between 1930 and 1934.答案可以是完整的句子, 如 They could do so from 1930 to 1935. 但是如果句子出了語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤, 是會(huì)被扣分的, 所以不如簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)好.
　　第二題考的1935 年除了限速, 還采取了什么措施. 我們可以用查讀的方法迅速找到1935這個(gè)數(shù)字所出現(xiàn)的段落, 找到答案: introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.
　　第三題要求大家根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容把句子寫(xiě)全. 本句實(shí)際上是對(duì)speeding下定義, 答案是exceeds the speed limit. 考生并不需要自己給一個(gè)定義, 文章在第二段三種超速駕駛中反復(fù)用到了這個(gè)表達(dá). 這里需要注意的是: 動(dòng)詞exceed一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)下定義, 由于主語(yǔ)是he, 所以要用exceeds.
　　第四題是問(wèn)英國(guó)當(dāng)局對(duì)限速的看法. 這里British authority指的是文章中的the Ministry of Transport, 答案在第三段: Speed limits reduce accidents. 或 The reduction of accidents. Accident reduction,等.
　　第五題問(wèn)美國(guó)人認(rèn)為交通事故減少的原因是什么. 答案在最后一段， 許多考生的回答是：
　　Due to the increase in traffic density.
　　Because of the increase of traffic density.
　　The reason is the increase of traffic density.
　　The increase of traffic density is regarded as the reason.
　　這些答案都是對(duì)的, 但都嫌羅嗦, 簡(jiǎn)答題要求回答簡(jiǎn)練, 最好的回答是: the increase in traffic density。
　　二、練　習(xí)

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