完形填空中對詞的考查以實(shí)詞為主,如形容詞、動詞、副詞等。其中有相當(dāng)一部分詞匯題中各個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間" />

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新動力學(xué)校北文學(xué)校學(xué)林教育

2011年12月大學(xué)英語四級完形填空測試概述(3)

來源:育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間:2011-12-10

  2.2.2 詞匯短語搭配
  完形填空中對詞的考查以實(shí)詞為主,如形容詞、動詞、副詞等。其中有相當(dāng)一部分詞匯題中各個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間并無大的聯(lián)系。這類題應(yīng)從上下文的語義入手,根據(jù)各選項(xiàng)單詞的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行選擇。
  1. 注意動詞自身的結(jié)構(gòu)功能
  對動詞來說,一般從兩點(diǎn)設(shè)干擾項(xiàng),一是動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)功能,如能不能接賓語,接什么樣的賓語,能不能接復(fù)合賓語;二是上下文的語義要求。有相當(dāng)部分選擇題只從結(jié)構(gòu)上就可做出正確的判斷。
  2. 注意分析動詞所包含的肯定/否定含義與上下文的關(guān)系
  在做動詞選擇題時(shí),除觀察動詞自身的結(jié)構(gòu)功能之外,還應(yīng)注意其語 義特點(diǎn),比如,有的單詞含有肯定含義,有的卻有否定的含義。考試時(shí)應(yīng)分析具體的上下文。
  3. 注意分析上下文的情景
  結(jié)構(gòu)是為意思服務(wù)的,在完形填空中大部分選項(xiàng)只看動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)功能是很難判斷的,應(yīng)注意分析上下文的情景。對于行為動詞的選擇應(yīng)想象當(dāng)時(shí)所發(fā)生的事情,根據(jù)"目睹的所發(fā)生的事情"進(jìn)行選擇。
  4. 注意上下句的聯(lián)系,不要孤立地根據(jù)一句進(jìn)行判斷
  完形填空不同于"詞匯語法填空"之處就于,在完形填空所依賴的上下文比詞匯語法填空要大的多。在做完形填空時(shí),必須仔細(xì)閱讀上下文,切不可只憑一句的提示進(jìn)行判斷。
  5.注意詞匯與話題的同現(xiàn)
  每個(gè)單詞都有其適應(yīng)的空間,其適合的話題,與同一話題相連的單詞就構(gòu) 成了一個(gè)以話題為中心的詞匯鏈。在做完形填空時(shí)可以借助詞匯鏈的知識幫助完成選擇。
  6. 注意介詞的表意功能和搭配功能
  完形填空中涉及到介詞選擇的有兩種:一種是常用介詞的基本用法; 另一種是與介詞有關(guān)的搭配,測試中以搭配居多,也有部分常用介詞用法的考查。在做這類考題時(shí)將介詞選項(xiàng)的表意功能與上下文結(jié)合起來即可。
  7.根據(jù)代詞在上下文中的替代作用選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~
  就代詞而言,重點(diǎn)是看其在上下文中的替代作用,同時(shí)要特別注意that, one等的運(yùn)用。
  8.注意詞語的搭配,根據(jù)搭配選擇正確答案,注意常用短語動詞的辨認(rèn),注意動詞與名詞、介詞和副詞的搭配功能
  9.注意區(qū)分同義詞、近義詞和形似詞
  近幾年的四級英語考試對同義詞、近義詞和形似詞的測試逐漸增多。一般四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中至少有兩個(gè)為近義詞。對于這類考題,除具備一定的詞語辨析的能力外,主要是看上下文的語義關(guān)系。

  運(yùn)用語法知識
  下面看一個(gè)例子:   A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men— 4 individuals who could invent machines, find new 5 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. The men who 6 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 7 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 8 inventors than scientists.
  A man who is a 9 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10 . He is not necessarily working 11 that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is 12 trying to make something that had a concrete 13 . He may try to solve a problem by using the theories 14 science or by experimenting though trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16 other objectives.
  Most of the people who 17 the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors nor trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 18 or no training in science night not have made their inventions 19 a ground-work had not been laid by scientists years 20 .  1. A) cases B) reasons
  C) factors D) situations
  2. A) But B) And
  C) Besides D) Even
  3. A) else B)near
  C)extra D) similar
  4.A)generating B)effective
  C) motivating D) creative
  5. A) origins B) sources
  C) bases D) discoveries
  6.A) employed B) created
  C) operated D) controlled
  7.A) came B) arrived
  C) stemmed D) appeared
  8.A) less C)more
  B)better D)worse
  9.A)genuine C)pure
  B)practical D)clever
  10.A)happily C)reluctantly
  B)occasionally D)accurately
  11.A)now C)all
  B)and D)so
  12.A)seldom C)usually
  B)sometimes D)never
  13.A)plan C)idea
  B)use D)means
  14.A)of C) to
  B)with D)as
  15.A)single C) specialized
  B)sole D)specific
  16.A)few C)many
  B)those D)all
  17.A)proposed C)supplied
  B)developed D)offered
  18.A)little C)some
  B)much D)any
  19.A)as C)because
  B)if D) while
  20.A)ago C)ahead
  B)past D)before
  本文講述的是發(fā)明家和從事應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究的人在早年英國工業(yè)革命中所起的作用。第一,四,五題都是測試根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義的能力.第一題講到英國 “未受戰(zhàn)爭創(chuàng)傷, 擁有巨大的財(cái)富, 豐富的自然資源和充足的勞力, 而這些在促使英國成為工業(yè)革命中心的過程都是重要因素”。 這里需要的是表示 “因素” 這類意思的詞, 選項(xiàng) C) factors正符合這個(gè)意思, 因而是答案. 第四題從下半句中的 “發(fā)明機(jī)器, 發(fā)現(xiàn)新能源, 建立商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)” 等描述可以判斷這類人應(yīng)該是 “有創(chuàng)造性的”, 因而答案是 D) creative“有創(chuàng)造性的”。 第五題需要的是一個(gè)表示 “資源” 意思的名詞, 答案很明顯是 B) sources“資源

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