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    Andrew Carnegie

    Andrew Carnegie， known as the King of Steel， built the steel industry in the United States， and， in the process， became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline， when most of his competitors were reducing their investments. Carnegie  believed  that individuals  should  progress  through  hard  work，  but  he  also  felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity， preferring   instead  to  provide  educational opportunities  that  would  allow   others  to   help themselves.  "He who dies rich， dies disgraced， " he often said. Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name， including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh， which has a library， a museum of fine arts， and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthropic gifts  are the  Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations， the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research， and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts. Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2，500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.全文翻譯：安德魯�？▋�(nèi)基  被稱作鋼鐵大王的安德魯�？▋�(nèi)基在美國建立了鋼鐵工業(yè)。 在這個過 程中，他變成了美國最富有的人之一。

    他的成功，部分來自于他銷售產(chǎn)品的能力，部分來 自于經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時期的擴(kuò)充策略。  在蕭條時期，他的多數(shù)對手都在縮減投資�？▋�(nèi)基認(rèn)為個 人應(yīng)該通過努力工作來獲得進(jìn)展，但他也強(qiáng)烈地感到有錢人應(yīng)該運(yùn)用他們的財富來為社會謀 取福利。他反對施舍救濟(jì)，更愿意提供教育機(jī)會，使別人自立。

    卡內(nèi)基經(jīng)常說："富有著死去的人死得可恥。"他對社會的較重要的貢獻(xiàn)都以他的名字命名。 這些貢獻(xiàn)包括匹茲堡卡內(nèi)基學(xué)校。

    這個學(xué)校有一個圖書館，一個美術(shù)館和一個國家歷史博物館；他還創(chuàng)立了一所 技術(shù)學(xué)校，這所學(xué)校現(xiàn)在是卡內(nèi)基 梅隆大學(xué)的一部分；其他的慈善捐贈有為促進(jìn)國家間了解的"卡內(nèi)基國際和平基金"，為科學(xué)研究提供經(jīng)費(fèi)的華盛頓卡內(nèi)基學(xué)院以及給各種藝術(shù)活動 提供活動中心的卡內(nèi)基音樂廳。安德魯�？▋�(nèi)基的慷慨大度幾乎影響到每個美國人的生活。 由于他超過五百萬美元的捐款，2500 個圖書館得以建立起來，遍布在美國各地的小村鎮(zhèn)， 形成了我們今天還在享用的公共圖書館系統(tǒng)的核心。