考研英語寫作24分講座講義之幾種主要信函的寫法

　　1. 幾種主要信函的寫法

　　英文書信主要分為事務書信和個人書信兩種，前者是單位與單位之間或個人與單位之間來往的信件，后者是親朋好友之間的來往信件。事務書信包括申請信、推薦信、求職信、訂購信等等;個人書信包括慰問信、祝賀信、道歉信以及一般的個人信等等。在格式和語體方面，事務書信比較正規(guī)，而個人書信則比較隨便。在這部分中，我們結合信函的實用程度和考研作文對篇幅的一般要求選取了五種我們認為有可能成為考研作文命題對象的信函。

　�、� 求職信

　　求職信是用來向某一單位求取一份工作的信函，它屬于廣義的申請信的一種。之所以將求職信與其他類型的申請信分開來寫，是因為其目前應用的普遍性和重要性，因此希望考生給予足夠的重視。

　　寫求職信時，要注意以下幾點：

　　首先，措辭要禮貌，對求職單位要加以一定的褒揚，并表示對該單位的向往之情，希望能到該單位工作。

　　第二，簡潔、明了、具體地說明自己的能力和條件。因為求職信通常是跟簡歷一起寄給用人單位的，所以在信中提到自己的能力和條件時，不是要簡單重復簡歷中已有的內(nèi)容，而是要用簡潔、明了、具體的語言提出自己特別突出的或者可能引起用人單位特別的注意的能力和條件。

　　第三，對于要求取的工作崗位，要特別寫明，給用人單位一個考慮選擇的機會。

　　第四，要突出招聘者的利益，不要一味強調(diào)自己的需要和期望。

　　求職信一般分為三個部分來寫，至于分成幾段，沒有嚴格的要求。第一部分說明從哪里得到的關于這份工作的信息，又或者寫信人只是投求職信碰碰運氣。

　　第二部分主要是推銷自己，表達自己對應聘職位的興趣以及介紹自己的最突出的能力和條件。如果求職者對應聘職位沒有太多的了解，可以特別表達一向愿意接受新挑戰(zhàn)的愿望，并強調(diào)一下自己在適應新環(huán)境、處理人際關系方面的能力。

　　最后一部分當然是表達一下希望，例如希望能得到面試的機會。

　　下面給出一封齊頭式的求職信，省略了信頭和信內(nèi)地址，從稱呼開始。

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed in the Sunday paper for a sales manager in your company. Your company has a reputation for producing high-quality products like Mandolin network system. I am interested in joining such a professional organization.

　　As you can see from the enclosed resume, my previous work in an export company has provided me with lots of opportunities to contact all kinds of customers and suppliers home and abroad. By communicating with them, I have got very familiar with the international trade and the current market. Besides, my educational training at university concentrated also on international trade which equipped me with a solid foundation in sales and trade.

　　As such, I believe that my service could be of great benefit to your company in terms of customer relation and new business connections.

　　I hope to have an opportunity to meet your human resource manager in order to let you know more about me. I enclose a resume and could be available for an interview at your convenience. Looking forward to hearing from you and thank you for your consideration.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　J.S. Wu

　　⑵ 其他申請信

　　當一個人想得到某種機會或某些東西，如申請得到獎學金、求學、申請出國簽證等，往往通過申請信來請求。

　　寫申請信的時候一般應注意以下幾點：

　　首先，語氣要誠摯友好，措辭要嚴謹，千萬不要表現(xiàn)出強求的意思。

　　第二，對于申請的內(nèi)容和原因一定要寫得非常清楚，不能含糊。

　　第三，盡管不能表現(xiàn)出強求的意思，但是期望得到的心情一定要表達出來。

　　申請信如何分段，也沒有嚴格的規(guī)定，其內(nèi)容一般應包括以下幾個部分：明確是在寫申請;申請的具體內(nèi)容和緣由;自己的情況和條件;提出要求，如回信、面試等等。每一部分都要做到清晰、簡明。

　　對于不同的申請內(nèi)容，在介紹自己情況的時候也要有不同的側重。例如在求學信中，應比較側重介紹自己已有的學位及專業(yè)情況;在申請留學經(jīng)濟資助的信中，應著重介紹自己的學業(yè)及學術水平，因為國外很多學校頒發(fā)獎學金是以此為標準的。

　　以下是兩封申請信，第一封是求學信，另一封是申請留學資助的，第一封信用的是齊頭式，第二封信用的是縮進式，信頭和信內(nèi)地址都已省略。

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I am writing to apply for admission to your university to pursue my M.S. degree. I have read the annual prospectus issued by your university and found that it has the best graduate program of chemistry. I am greatly interested in the program.

　　I graduated in 1997 from Beijing University, majoring in Chemistry and holding a B. S. degree. At university, I took many fundamental courses in Chemistry and my English is excellent as I had served as the head of English Association for two years. Since then I have been teaching Chemistry in Beijing Normal University. Through my teaching experience, I have not only deepened my understanding in this field, but mastered many complicated research skills as well.

　　Two of my former professors and the present dean of our department have kindly written letters of recommendation for me, as enclosed with this letter.

　　Could you please send me the necessary forms and any information about financial aid in your program?

　　Thank you very much. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Fan Wei

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I wish to apply for admission to your department as a graduate student. I am writing to ask whether it will be possible for you to grant me a full scholarship, considering my academic record and the fact that I have no relatives or friends in America who can act as my sponsor.

　　I completed a four-year course in chemistry at Beijing University last June. During my four years in the university, I have passed all the required courses of study with satisfactory marks. With Chemistry as my major, I minored in Physics and Mathematics. Enclosed herewith is my transcript from the department concerned.

　　My English is very good. I have been learning English since early childhood with the help of my father who is a professor of English in Fudan University, Shanghai. I therefore believe that I will not have language difficulties while studying in the United States.

　　I should be most grateful if you would give my request favorable consideration. Thank you very much and look forward to your reply.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Wu Li

　　最后列舉一些寫申請信常用的表達法，供考生參考：

　　I am writing to you because I wish to …

　　I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your college and the application forms …

　　I am a graduate from …，I am very interested in …

　　Please send me all relevant information concerning the program you offer.

　　I should be most grateful to you if you would send me …

　　I would appreciate very much if you could send me …

　　Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to your favorable reply.

　　Enclosed in this letter please find three letters of recommendation and a certified copy of my transcript.

�、� 推薦信

　　推薦信是求職或者求學所需要的材料。寫推薦信的人一般是有身份、有地位的人士，而且必須對申請者比較了解。最好是申請者原單位的領導或資歷較深的同事，或者是學校里的教授、本專業(yè)的專家等等。

　　寫推薦信應該注意以下幾點：

　　首先，推薦人在寫信前應該詳細了解聘方或?qū)W校的要求、工作性質(zhì)、專業(yè)特點等有關情況，有針對性地介紹并推薦申請者。

　　第二，推薦信要多寫優(yōu)點，充分肯定成績，語氣要積極、熱情。但為了客觀起見，也可適當提一下申請者的不足之處，但一定要說明這種不足之處是可以通過學習和鍛煉得到克服的。

　　第三，推薦信的篇幅不宜過長，但也不能三言兩語敷衍了事，一般以250到350字為宜。

　　第四，推薦信的稱呼一般用To whom it may concern或者Dear sir or Madam。而且推薦信通常由推薦人直接寄給用人單位或?qū)W校。

　　推薦信一般分成三段到四段，主要包括三個方面的內(nèi)容：推薦人與被推薦人之間的關系;被推薦者的能力、品質(zhì)和優(yōu)點，在這部分至少應該寫兩個優(yōu)點，但最多不要超過四個，而且如果能夠用具體的例子來證明，效果會更好;建議錄取被推薦者。

　　下面是一封推薦信：

　　To whom it may concern:

　　I sincerely recommend Ms. Zhang Chen to participate in your program and researching group. I am a department manager in Guangyou Trade Company and Ms. Zhang had been worked in my department for nearly three years.

　　As her direct supervisor, I have a good understanding in her working ability. She was very careful and sensitive to figures. Her monthly statistics and report forms were always the best of the company. And as I knew more about her, I found that she was very much interested in accounting. So I provided her with the opportunity to work with the experienced accountant in our company so that she would be able to learn from him.

　　What I appreciate most is her diligence and the ability to learn quickly. By self-study, she passed the exam of accountant qualification. I must admit that it was not an easy task, but she managed it through hard work. Since she had already had a deep understanding in this area, I asked her to be responsible for the computerization of the accounting system in our company. It was within my expectation that she accomplished it successfully.

　　And now, as she has determined that she would choose accounting as her life career, I would like to lend my full support in her effort. Therefore, I strongly recommend you to accept Ms. Zhang in your program. I believe that thanks to all her virtues, she would make herself a good student in your prestigious program and make a good contribution to it. And I really hope that I will have the opportunity to cooperate with her again after she got the MACC degree.

　　Thank you very much!

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Tong

　　Department Manager of Guangyou Trade Company

　　最后列舉幾個寫推薦信常用的表達法，供考生參考：

　　I proudly introduce … to your attention.

　　I am certain that … will build a bright career with your instruction.

　　I would safely say that … will be excellent with your program.

　　I have no doubt that … will make a strong candidate for your program.

　　… is surely the right person for your program.

　　⑷ 邀請信

　　邀請信分為兩種：一種屬于個人信函，例如邀請某人共進晚餐、參加宴會、觀看電影、出席典禮等。另一種邀請信則屬于事務信函，一般是邀請參加會議、學術活動等等。

　　第一種邀請信邀請的對象一般是朋友、熟人，所以內(nèi)容格式上的要求都比較松，可以寫得隨便一些。只要表明邀請的意圖，說明活動的內(nèi)容、時間、地點等等。但既然是邀請信，那么就一定要在信中表達非常希望對方能夠參加或者出席的愿望。這種邀請信的篇幅可以非常短，下面以一封邀請看電影的短信為例：

　　Dear Jane,

　　We have four tickets for a famous film shown at Guangming Cinema, The Longest Day, Friday, the ninth. Will you join us? We’ll be looking for you at eight sharp Friday night in front of the cinema, so don’t disappoint us!

　　Warmest regards.

　　Alice

　　第二種邀請信一般由會議或?qū)W術活動的組委會的某一個負責人來寫，以組委會的名義發(fā)出，而且被邀請者通常也是屬于比較有威望的人士。因此，這類邀請信的措辭要相對正式一些，語氣要熱情有禮。

　　這一類邀請信通常要包括以下內(nèi)容：首先表明邀請對方參加的意圖以及會議或?qū)W術活動的名稱、時間、地點;然后要對被邀請者的威望和學術水平等表示推崇和贊賞，表明如果被邀請者能夠接受邀請，會給會議或者活動帶來很好的影響;接著要說明會議或活動的相關事宜，最好是能引起對方興趣的事宜;當然不能忘了表達希望對方能夠參加的誠意;最后還要請收信人對發(fā)出的邀請做出反饋，如確認接受邀請。

　　下面是一封邀請對方參加學術會議的信函：

　　Dear Professor Wang,

　　On behalf of the Ohio State University and the IEEE Computer Society, I would be very pleased to invite you to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 2004 International Conference on Parallel Data Processing to be held in Bellaire, Michigan, from October 25 to October 28, 2004.

　　You are an internationally acclaimed scholar and educator. Your participation will be among the highlights of the Conference.

　　We sincerely hope that you could accept our invitation. As you know, this is the 10th anniversary of the Conference and we plan to make it a truly international meeting. We have accepted many papers from several foreign countries, including two from China.

　　If you can come, please let us know as soon as possible, since we have to prepare the final program soon. We are looking forward to your acceptance.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Peter White

　　無論是收到哪種邀請信都要復信，明確表示接受與否。而且無論接受與否都要對邀請者表示感謝。接受邀請的回信一般包含以下內(nèi)容：首先感謝對方的邀請，并重述邀請信中的主要內(nèi)容;然后愉快地表示接受邀請，并簡要說明自己的打算;最后表示期待赴會和與對方見面的心情。

　　下面是一封接受邀請的信，與上面第一封邀請信相對應：

　　Dear Alice,

　　Thank you very much for your invitation. It will be great pleasure for me to join you on Friday for the wonderful film. I will arrive at the cinema before eight. I look forward to meeting you on Friday.

　　Thank you for thinking of me.

　　Yours,

　　Jane

　　謝絕邀請的回信一般包含以下幾方面的內(nèi)容：首先還是要對對方的邀請表示感謝;然后具體說明自己無法接受邀請的原因，并對無法出席表示遺憾;最后表達自己的祝愿，即祝愿自己未能參加的會議或者活動能夠順利進行。

　　下面是一封謝絕邀請的信，與上面的第二封邀請信相對應：

　　Dear Professor White,

　　Many thanks for your letter dated 15th August, inviting me to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 2004 International Conference on Parallel Data Processing to be held in Bellaire, Michigan, from October 25 to 28, 2004.

　　Much to my regret, I shall not be able to honor the invitation because I have been suffering from a disease since this summer. I am firmly advised that it would be unwise to undertake any distant and long travel in the near future.

　　I feel very sad to miss the opportunity of meeting you and many others in the field of Computer Science. I wish the conference a complete success.

　　Faithfully yours,

　　Wang Xuan

　�、� 感謝信

　　感謝信屬于個人信函，是用來對饋贈禮物或曾經(jīng)得到某人的關懷、照顧表示感謝，在西方國家用得比較普遍。感謝信在格式上沒有很嚴格的要求，主要是要寫得真摯，表達誠摯的感激之情，不能給人一種草率的印象。

　　由于感謝的對象、原因和內(nèi)容不同，感謝信的內(nèi)容也會有所區(qū)別。例如，對朋友贈送禮物表示感謝的信，一定要提到所贈的禮物以及自己對禮物的喜愛之情;又如因為曾在對方家里小住而寫的感謝信，一定要提到在對方家里居住時候的感受。但是，無論如何，一封感謝信通常都包括感謝的原因、內(nèi)容以及誠摯的感激知情。

　　下面給出兩封簡短的感謝信，一封是對朋友贈送禮物表示感謝，另一封是在對方家里小住過一段時間，離開后表達感謝的信。

　　Dear Sandy,

　　When you left a package for me yesterday, I had difficulty waiting until my birthday to open it.

　　I don’t know how to thank you for such an attractive present. It is something that will give me pleasure for a long time to come.

　　Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes.

　　Cordially,

　　Susan

　　Dear Professor Anthony,

　　Thank you for a delightful stay.

　　Your home is lovely, your meals delectable, and I enjoyed the fun and companionship. I am still thinking about it and enjoying it in retrospect.

　　Many thanks again for your warm hospitality.

　　Cordially,

　　Tom

　�、� 咨詢信

　　咨詢信指的是用于了解信息、資料和情況等等的信件。寫咨詢信要注意以下幾個問題：

　　第一，從措辭上來講，一定要有禮貌，要比較客氣地說清楚你想了解什么或者有什么要求。

　　第二，所提的問題一定要具體、明確，不能含糊其辭，否則會讓對方感到無從回答。

　　第三，如果同時有好幾個問題需要對方回答，可以考慮分段寫;如果問題比較簡單，則無需分段，但一定要將每個問題分別寫清楚。

　　第四，一定要記得在信中向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x。

　　寫咨詢信的時候，一般分三個部分來寫。首先說明自己的情況，寫咨詢信的目的;第二步講明自己要咨詢的問題，要簡潔明晰;在新的結尾要向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x。此外，記得要注明聯(lián)系地址與電話，以便對方答復。

　　下面是一封咨詢信的范例：

　　To: London Woolen Products

　　From: Angel Clothes Store

　　As we plan our Fall inventory, we are again in market to buy woolens. We are principally interested in the traditional sweater and would like to request a sample.

　　Please also send information on any other knitwear that your company produces and a current price list.

　　If you plan to take part in the Beijing Trade Fair at the end of this month, please inform us of your stand number so that we can contact you at that time. Please note our new address and telephone number.

　　Thank you in advance for your attention.

　　Sincerely,

　　……

�、擞嗁徯�

　　訂購信一般用于訂購某種貨物或機票、車票，屬于事務信件。在書寫訂購信的時候，最重要的是要清新明白地說明所要訂購的對象的數(shù)量、價格、規(guī)格等等，如果是機票、車票等，則須說明出發(fā)地、目的地、出發(fā)時間等。此外，寫明你自己的名字、地址、郵編，以及你期望的送貨方式等也是非常重要的。要避免寫冗長的句子，因為此類信函以傳達信息為主，所以能讓對方明白你的意圖是最重要的。

　　下面是一封訂購飛機票的信函：

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I am on an urgent mission and want to get to Hong Kong as soon as possible. Please reserve for me a seat in the plane leaving Guangzhou for Hong Kong at 8 a.m. tomorrow. A seat by the window in the economic section is preferred. I shall be very grateful if you would deliver the ticket to Room 418 of the Baiyun Hotel where I am staying.

　　If there is no seat available at 8 a.m. tomorrow, please inform me as soon as possible, so that I can change a flight.

　　Thank you very much!

　　Yours faithfully,

　　Steve Brown

　�、� 投訴信

　　投訴信一般是針對質(zhì)量低劣的產(chǎn)品或者服務，其送寄對象應該是對方主管部門的負責人。寫投訴信的目的是為了讓對方同情你的遭遇或者碰到的問題，繼而給出你所期望的解決方法。因此，寫這類信件最重要的一點是要實事求是，一定要遵守“簡明、公正”的原則，切勿夸大其詞，引起對方的反感。

　　投訴信中應該包含的內(nèi)容有：你所投訴的問題;該問題給你造成的不良后果;與投訴有關的重要依據(jù)，如商品簡要說明、購買日期地點等;你所希望的解決方法和最后結果。此外，還可以向?qū)Ψ浇ㄗh解決問題的最后日期，并表示對所投訴問題的妥善解決充滿信心。

　　投訴信一般可分為三段：第一段說明信的主要意思，即提出要解決的問題，以及解決問題的重要性;第二段可以解釋一下詳細的情況，提出與投訴有關的重要依據(jù);最后一段一般是提建議，說出你所期望的解決方法。

　　以下是一封樣信：

　　Dear Sir,

　　Enclosed is one sample of the envelopes which your delivery truck left in our office yesterday. We wish, however, to exchange them for the correct size, or obtain a refund.

　　When our supply secretary selected and purchased official envelopes in your store last week on December 12, she asked that size L be sent to our office. The size we received is small, and of course it does not serve our needs. The sales receipt is #3968, dated December 12, written by salesclerk #189.

　　Please send us the correct size L envelopes in exactly the same style and color, or if this is not available now, cash refund of $ 50.50. Thank you very much.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　以上是八種我們認為有可能考到的信函類型，當然也有可能在考試中出現(xiàn)不在其列的信函類型，但是相信考生可以根據(jù)我們所給的這些講解和示例推出一定的規(guī)律來應對。需要指出的是，為了給大家一個比較完整的內(nèi)容和結構上的示例，以上的樣信在字數(shù)上并不都符合100詞的要求。但各位考生在考試時一定不能忽略字數(shù)上的要求，因為這也是判分點之一。結構和格式盡可以參考以上的樣文，字數(shù)上還請考生自行把握。