三、句子翻譯

　　1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.

　　20世紀(jì)50年代，中國(guó)向前蘇聯(lián)和東歐各國(guó)出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品以換取制成品和國(guó)家的工業(yè)化計(jì)劃所要求的資本設(shè)備，而國(guó)家的工業(yè)化計(jì)劃則強(qiáng)調(diào)重工業(yè)的發(fā)展。

　　2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.

　　在文化大革命期間，外貿(mào)的增長(zhǎng)又一次被打斷了。當(dāng)時(shí)農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)急劇下降，運(yùn)輸管制變的更嚴(yán)重。

　　3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China‘s economic planners， but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978， placing undue strain on the national economy.

　　在這個(gè)時(shí)期，出口增長(zhǎng)要快于進(jìn)口增長(zhǎng)不僅是由于中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃者著重強(qiáng)調(diào)出口，也是因?yàn)榇蠖喙�業(yè)項(xiàng)目在1979年被推遲了。官方承認(rèn)外國(guó)技術(shù)能夠在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代化化中起重大作用，這導(dǎo)致了1978年中國(guó)的進(jìn)口增加了50%以上，從而給國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了重壓。

　　4. Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry， but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication，not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.

　　中國(guó)官員強(qiáng)調(diào)為國(guó)內(nèi)工業(yè)引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)的重要性，但是需要的是各種程度不同的精尖技術(shù)，而不是像西方國(guó)家理解的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。

　　5. There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments，but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years. 沒(méi)有官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料涉及無(wú)形貿(mào)易收支，但在1981－1983年期間的有形貿(mào)易順差的大小和旅游贏利的顯著增長(zhǎng)表明了經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目在過(guò)去幾年里有盈余。

　　6. Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer，while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods， produced by the equipment provided，in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.

　　根據(jù)顧客提供的樣品來(lái)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)強(qiáng)烈鼓勵(lì)補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易。由此國(guó)外的供應(yīng)商提供原材料和設(shè)備并收到由其提供的設(shè)備生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的制成品作為回報(bào)。補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易在某種程度上不同于易貨貿(mào)易和反向貿(mào)易，在國(guó)外提供的設(shè)備和制成品中有直接的聯(lián)系。來(lái)件組裝始于1978年，特殊的對(duì)外貿(mào)易形式有資格免除關(guān)稅和其他稅收。

　　7. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China‘s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy， such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints， have been tackled.

　　許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家面對(duì)的債務(wù)問(wèn)題使中國(guó)在引進(jìn)外國(guó)技術(shù)時(shí)下了這樣的決心：采用直接投資和優(yōu)惠付款方式融資，而不是在國(guó)際資本市場(chǎng)籌集大額的資金。在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的許多實(shí)際瓶頸，如運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前，官方認(rèn)為招來(lái)大筆外債的做法是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

　　永久性正常貿(mào)易關(guān)系 PNTR（Permanent Normal Trading Relations） 國(guó)民收入 NI（National Income） 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP（Gross National Product） 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP（Gross Domestic Product） 國(guó)際復(fù)興和開(kāi)發(fā)銀行 IBRD（International Bank for Reconstruction and Development） 國(guó)際開(kāi)發(fā)協(xié)會(huì) IDA（International Development Association） 國(guó)際金融公司 IFC（International Finance Comporation） 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和發(fā)展組織 OECD（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development）

　　國(guó)際清算銀行 BIS（Bank for International Settlement） 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體 EEC（European Economic Community） 歐洲聯(lián)盟 EU（European Union） 外商直接投資 FDI（Foreign Direct Investment）

　　二、詞語(yǔ)釋義：

　　substantially ： dramatically， significantly， considerably

　　subsequently： afterwards

　　exacerbate： deteriorate， worsen； aggravate； make worse

　　withdraw： cancellation

　　theme： principle

　　in return for： in exchange for

　　disrupt： interrupt

　　destined： designed

　　pronounced： marked

　　in the wake of： following； after with undue： too much； unbearable

　　reverse： change to the opposite

　　buoyant： brisk

　　outcome： result

　　boost： stimulate； promote； develop

　　recover： rebound

　　facilitate： make easy

　　run-down： reduction mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions insofar as： to the extent bottlenecks： obstacles來(lái)