完形填空實(shí)際上就是考查同學(xué)們的閱讀理解能力和掌握單詞、句型的能力。在最后的沖刺時(shí)間里，希望大家堅(jiān)持對(duì)所有與閱讀相關(guān)的題型進(jìn)行“超精讀”。

　　舉2003年1月的四級(jí)考試完形填空作為例子，請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)揣摩。(括號(hào)內(nèi)黑體部分為作者注釋)

　　Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)

　　A language is a signaling system (這里對(duì)語(yǔ)言下個(gè)一個(gè)定義,類(lèi)似的句型還有: A language refers to / is defined as) which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (語(yǔ)聲), and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.

　　Let’s look at this 61 in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, 62 distinguishes man from the rest of the 63 world. (61題this definition指代第一句話的內(nèi)容; it is language that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句. 下面一段第一句other animals 暗示了63題填animal distinguish from 表示對(duì)比概念. 大家都知道,對(duì)比型文章在閱讀,完形和改錯(cuò)中都經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),所以必須首先掌握這類(lèi)文章的一些詞匯特征,解題的時(shí)候也要注意對(duì)比概念. 表示對(duì)比概念的詞匯手段很多,舉幾個(gè)例子: distinct from / differ from / different from / similar to / dissimilar from / in contrast to / on the contrary / as opposed to / while / whereas / but / however 等等)

　　Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by 64 of cries: (本句也可以變?yōu)镮t is true that other animals communicate with….., 那為什么要寫(xiě)成本文這樣呢.如果能知道，大家對(duì)英文的理解為更深刻. 這里以other animals 為主語(yǔ), 使本句話與上一段最后一句銜接更緊密, 因?yàn)閍nimals是上句中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的概念. 舉個(gè)作文的例子,很多同學(xué)寫(xiě)作文的時(shí)候句子之間缺乏coherence, 比如: He got off the plane. Reporters surrounded him. 這兩句話雖然沒(méi)錯(cuò),但是最好改為:He got off the plane. He was surrounded by reporters 或He got off the plane and was surrounded by reporters)for example, many birds utter 65 calls at the approach of danger; (65題warning和danger相關(guān)) monkeys utter 66 cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. 67 these various (various 暗示了66題答案) means of communication differ in important ways 68 human language. (67，68題都涉及到對(duì)比概念) For instance, animals’ cries do not 69 thoughts and feelings clearly. (69題除了用express以外,也可以用convey) This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that 70 us to divide a human utterance into 71 .

　　We can change an utterance by 72 one word in it with 73 : a good illustration of this (舉例好句型) is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north”, 74 who can change one word and say “aircraft approaching from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, 75 means “danger!” (73題很重要，大家看看replace 的核心意思是不是change, by這個(gè)詞表示方法,通過(guò)什么來(lái)改變,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有replace與 change相關(guān))

　　This is why the number of 76 that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case 77 point; (舉例好句型) it has about twenty different calls, 78 in human language the number of possible utterances is 79 . It also explains why animal cries are very 80 in meaning. (78題涉及到對(duì)比概念，而這篇文章中的主要概念對(duì)比，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)人與其它動(dòng)物的對(duì)比，這一點(diǎn)大家好好體會(huì)。另外， 80題general 這個(gè)詞的對(duì)比詞是specific， 盡管文章中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。人的語(yǔ)言可以表達(dá)具體特定的意思，而動(dòng)物發(fā)出了聲音只能表達(dá)籠統(tǒng)的意思。)

　　完形填空的每個(gè)空格都受到文章中已經(jīng)知道的信息點(diǎn)的控制，句子中，前后句子中，或者整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇中的信息點(diǎn)的控制。同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)完形的時(shí)候，要注意幾點(diǎn)，指代，句型，搭配， 對(duì)比，詞匯相關(guān)性。這些我在這篇文章中都舉了一些例子說(shuō)明。

　　本文選項(xiàng)：(黑體為答案)

　　61. A) classification B) definition C)function D)perception

　　62. A) that B) it C)as D)what

　　63. A)native B) human C) physical D) animal

　　64. A) ways B) means C) methods D) approaches

　　65. A) mating B) exciting C) warning D) boring

　　66. A) identical B) similar C) different D) unfamiliar

　　67. A) But B)Therefore C) Afterwards D) Furthermore

　　68. A) about B) with C) from D) in

　　69. A) infer B) explain C) interpret D) express

　　70.A) encourages B) enables C) enforces D) ensures

　　71. A) speeches B) sounds C) words D)voices

　　72.A) replacing B) spelling C) pronouncing D)saying

　　73. A)ours B) theirs C) another D) others

　　74. A)so B) and C) but D)or

　　75. A)this B)that C)which D)it

　　76. A)signs B)gestures C)signals D)marks

　　77. A)in B)at C) of D)for

　　78. A) whereas B) since C) anyhow D)somehow

　　79. A) boundless B) changeable C) limitless D) ceaseless

　　80. A) ordinary B) alike C) common D) general