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09年自考英語一課堂筆記(unit3)

作者:不明   發(fā)布時間:2009-07-11 10:20:48  來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)
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  3) I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(我擔(dān)心自己犯了一個錯誤。)

  4) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties. (我們相信自己能克服所有的困難。)

  對“be + 形容詞 + that引起的從句”這類結(jié)構(gòu),語法家們有的認(rèn)為that從句做賓語用,有的認(rèn)為that從句做狀語用。根據(jù)句子的邏輯意義來判斷也許比較方便一些。如: I'm sorry that you failed the exam again. 這個句子中的that從句起狀語作用,相當(dāng)于“…because you failed the exam again.”

  6.The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific,…

  在第一單元中我們討論過副詞的同等比較。本句中as big as 則是形容詞的同等比較。在這類句子中,可以有表示程度的狀語。例如:

  1) This book is not half as interesting as that one.(這本書還不如那本書一半有趣。)

  2) My monthly income is only half as much as his.(我的月收入只有他的一半多。)

  3) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.(我們學(xué)校今年的招生人數(shù)將是前年的三倍。)

  請翻譯下面的句子:

  1) 我的英語口語還不及你的一半流利。(My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours.)

  2) 這只手提箱還沒有那只手提箱一半重。(This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.)

  3) 這個房間是那個房間的兩倍。(This room is twice as large as that one.)

  7.But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.

  suppose 常常做動詞用,意思是“假定;猜想;認(rèn)為”。例如:

  1) Let's suppose it to be true.(讓我們假定這是真的。)

  2) I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很緊張。)

  3) I supposed him to be an honest man, but he often tells lies. (我以為他很誠實,他卻經(jīng)常說謊。)

  在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一個連詞,意思是“假設(shè)(= if);假使…結(jié)果會怎么樣”。例如:

  1) Suppose he is ill, what shall we do?(假如他病了,我們怎么辦?)

  2) Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage?(如果一只老虎從籠子中跑出來怎么辦?)

  3) Suppose something should go wrong?(如果出了什么問題會怎么樣?)

  8.It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.

  it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一個句型。例如:

  1) 我騎自行車到學(xué)校要花半小時。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)

  2) 他花了兩個星期時間才看完那本書。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)

  請翻譯下面的句子:

  1) It took the boy three hours to finish his homework.(那個男孩花了3小時才寫完作業(yè)。)

  2) It takes less than 4 hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing.(從南京乘火車到上海只要不到4小時。)

  3) 他花了4天時間才走出密林。(It took him 4 days to go out of the forest.)

  4) 照顧一個生病的老人要花許多時間。(It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old man.

  9.On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep, but in places it is much deeper.

  on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。例如:

  1) On the average, they drove 70 miles an hour.(他們平均每小時行駛70英里。)

  2) On the average, they spend 20 yuan on food every day.(他們平均每天花20塊錢吃飯。)

  a little 在句子中修飾more,表示程度,意思是“一點兒,稍許”。much在句子中修飾deeper,也表示程度,加強(qiáng)形容詞比較級,意思是“…多”。例如:

  1) I feel a little cold.(我覺得有點冷。)

  2) He spent a little more than 20 yuan yesterday.(昨天他花了20塊多一點兒。)

  3) I feel much better now.(我現(xiàn)在感覺好多了。)

  4) She is much more careful this time.(她這一次細(xì)心多了。)

  請翻譯下面的句子:

  1) 干了一天的工作,我覺得有點累。(I feel a little tired after a day's work.)

  2) 她對她的同學(xué)有點不友好。(She is a little unfriendly to her classmates.)

  3) 聽了那個消息他開心多了。(He was much happier after hearing that news.)

  10.This “deep” measures 30,246 feet——almost 6 miles (9.6km)。

  本句中的deep做名詞用,意思是“深處”,“海淵”(水深超過3000英里)。

  measure 在句子中做動詞用,意思是“測量”,“有…深”。例如:

  1)This room measures 10 metres across.(這個房間寬10米。)

  2)The bridge measures 17 kilometres long.(這座橋長17公里。)

  3)The water tank only measures 2 metres deep.(這只水箱只有2米深。)

  11.One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.

  本句中的 longest與課文前幾段中出現(xiàn)的narrowest,saltiest,deepest一樣,都是形容詞的最高級形式。因為這幾個詞是單音節(jié)詞或是以 元音結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,所以,最高級的構(gòu)成是在詞尾加-est.對于大部分兩個音節(jié)以上的形容詞,最高級的構(gòu)成是在形容詞前面加most.請看例句:

  1)He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.(他想使每一個人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。)

  2)This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.(這是我所見過的最強(qiáng)壯的馬。)

  3)The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.(老板想找最細(xì)心的雇工。)

  4)黃山是我所知道的最美的山之一。(Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.)

  5)這條高速公路是中國最長的。(This express way is one of the longest in China. )

  6)這本書是三本書中最有意思的。(This book is the most interesting of the three.)

  rise 是一個不及物動詞,在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。例如:

  1)The sun rises in the east.(太陽在東方升起。)

  2)Give the child some medicine, his temperature is rising.  (給孩子服藥,他的體溫在升高。)

  3)The mountain peak rises above the clouds.(山峰高聳入云。)

  請注意區(qū)別以下動詞:

  1)rise 不及物動詞 (起立;上升,高聳;浮現(xiàn))

  The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.

  The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.

  An idea rises in my mind.

  2)raise 及物動詞 (舉起;養(yǎng)育;提高;召集)

  If you have any questions, please raise your hands.

  When Father was in the army, Mother had a hard time raising three children.

  The management promised to raise the workers'salary after the negotiation.

  He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation.

  3)arise 不及物動詞 (升起;出現(xiàn);由…引起)

  Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.

  New problems arise when old ones are solved.

  His illness arose from malnutrition.

  4)arouse 及物動詞 (喚醒;激起,引起)

  The noise outside aroused him from sleep.

  The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him.

  floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他語言環(huán)境中,floor當(dāng)然有其他的意思。如;

  1)He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7樓。)

  2)The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.(冬天時,木地板給我溫暖的感覺。)

  3)He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在會上得到了發(fā)言權(quán)。)

  4)He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.(他決定用塑料磚鋪廚房地面。)

  12.The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island

  top 在句中做名詞用,意思是“頂部,山頂”。例如:

  1)He was the first to climb to the top of the hill.(他第一個爬上山頂。)

  2)When we stand on the top of the mountain,the whole city is in sight.(我們站在山頂時,整個城市盡收眼底)

  請翻譯下面的句子,注意top的詞類和意思:

  1)He shouted at the top of his voice.(他放聲高叫。)-n.

  2)He is running at the top of his speed.(他正以最快的速度奔跑。)-n.

  3)He is the top student in the class.(他是班上的尖子學(xué)生。)-adj.

  4)This is the top news of the week.(這是本周的頭條新聞。)-adj.

  5)His father is a top diplomatic advisor.(他父親是高級外交顧問。)-adj.

  6)Mother is going to top the cake with cream.(媽媽準(zhǔn)備在蛋糕上澆奶油。)-v.

  7)He tops his father by half a head.(他比父親高出半個頭。)-v.

  8)She needs a new skirt to match her top.(她需要一條新裙子配她的上衣。)-n.

  與top有關(guān)的詞組:

  come out top(名列前茅)   come out on top(出人頭地)      from top to bottom(從上到下,徹底地)   from top to toe(從頭到腳;完全)    on top of the world(非常幸福;心滿意足)

  13.Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.

  called the Sargasso Sea 是修飾ocean的定語從句,在其前省去了which is.

  請看下面的例句:

  1)Opportunities are often thing (that) you have not noticed the first time around.

 �。C(jī)會常常是第一次出現(xiàn)時沒有被人們注意到的東西。)

  2)There is much (that) the little boy can do.(有許多是那小男孩能做。)

  3)He is the right person (that) I want to discuss the problem with.(他正是我想與其討論這個問題的人。)

  14.In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.

  days常常指“時期,時代”,有時也表示“一生;生命”。請看例句:

  1)In his boyhood days, he often went swimming and fishing with his friends.(在他的童年時代,他常常和伙伴們一起游泳,釣魚。)

  2)In the days of Queen Victoria, the British colony expanded rapidly.(在維多利亞女王時代,英國殖民地迅速擴(kuò)張。)

  3)He has experienced a lot of hardships in his days.(他一生中吃了許多苦。)

  crew是一個集合名詞,指“全體船員”,后面的謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù),此句中謂語動詞用的是復(fù)數(shù)were,因為從句子中可以推斷出是許多vessels(船)上的船員。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.

  15.The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.

  furnish sth. to sb. 意思是“為…提供”,我們同樣可以用furnish sb. with sth.來表達(dá)這個意思。例如:

  They furnished blankets and food to the refugees.(他們?yōu)殡y民供應(yīng)毯子和食物。)

  No one expected that he would furnish the information to the opponent.(誰也沒有料到他會把消息提供給對手。)

  Luckily, they have furnished us with a car and all the necessary maps.(幸運的是他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝艘惠v汽車和所有必要的地圖。)

  16.One of its famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.

  the Grand Banks在句子中做同位語。請看下面的例句:

  1)This theory was advanced by Einstein, a famous scientist. �。ㄟ@個理論是由著名科學(xué)家愛因斯坦提出的。)

  2)This is Mr. Benjamin, dean of our department.(這是我們系主任本杰明先生。)

  3)Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3,198 metres above sea-level.(中國最大的內(nèi)陸咸水湖青海湖海拔3,198米。)

  本課主要詞組及句型

  詞組:

  1.separate from               2.keep sb. from doing sth.

  3.be unwilling to do sth.           4.between A and B

  5.make sth unusual             6.so…that

  7.dry up                  8.on the average

  9.rise from                10.furnish sth for sb.

  11.pile up                 12.from…to

  句型:

  A.定語從句:

  1)The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

  2)Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow.

  B.表語從句:

  1)One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

  2)Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

  C.結(jié)果狀語從句:

  1)There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.

  2)We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.

  D.形容詞的比較級和最高級:

  1)The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific, but still it is very large.

  2)It is more than 4,000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.

  3)Even at its narrowest it is about 2,000 miles wide.

  4)Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean.

  5)The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico.

  E.be one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

  The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

  F.it takes sb. some time to do sth.

  It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up.

  地理名稱

  1.(七)大洲和(四)大洋

  Asia (亞洲)      Europe(歐洲)        Africa(非洲)             North America(北美洲)

  South America(南美洲)      Oceania       (大洋洲)                 the Antarctic(南極洲)

  The Atlantic(大西洋)   the Pacific(太平洋)    the Indian(印度洋)     the Arctic(北冰洋)

  2.常用詞

  continent (大陸)  continental shelf(大陸架)   subcontinent(次大陸)    iceberg(冰山)

  mountain range(山脈)      volcano(火山)       delta (三角洲)         waterfall(瀑布)

  gulf(海灣)               straits; channel(海峽)     coast line (海岸線)          beach(海灘)

  3.大西洋之最

  1)The Atlantic is the second largest ocean in the world

  2)The Atlantic is the saltiest ocean in the world

  3)Puerto Rico Trench is the deepest in the Atlantic Ocean.

  4)Gulf Stream is the strongest warm water current in the Atlantic Ocean.

  5)The Grand Banks near Newfoundland is the most prosperous fishing region in the world.

  6)The drainage area of the Atlantic is four times that of the Pacific or the Indian.

  2.主要屬海和島嶼

  the Mississippi 密西西比河  the Hudson 哈得遜河            the Amazon 亞馬遜河

  the Congo 剛果河            Baffin Bay 巴芬灣              the Nigeria 尼日利亞河

  the Rhine 萊茵河            the Caribbean Sea 加勒比海     the Mexican Gulf 墨西哥灣

  the Hudson Bay 哈得遜灣     the Mediterranean Sea 地中海   the Black Sea 黑海

  the North Sea 北海          the Baltic Sea 波羅的克海      Iceland 冰島

  Greenland 格陵蘭島          Faeroe Islands 法羅群島        Shetland Islands 設(shè)得蘭島

  Bermudas 百慕大群島         Azores 亞速爾群島              Grenada 格陵納達(dá)島

  Antilles 安的列斯群島       Trinidad Islands 特里尼達(dá)群島  Malvinas Islands 馬爾維納斯群島

  Bahamas 巴哈馬群島

  Text B   The Moon

  短語表達(dá)

  1.tie to(與…聯(lián)系在一起;使束縛于…)

  He is seriously ill and has been tied to his bed for almost a month.(他病得厲害,已經(jīng)臥床近一個月了。)

  Study ties smoking to many diseases.(據(jù)研究,許多疾病與抽煙有關(guān)。)

  I am sorry I didn't have the time to go shopping with you. I was tied to housework.(很抱歉我沒能有時間和你一起去購物,家務(wù)雜事把我拴住了。)

  2.except for(除了…之外)

  The room is empty except for some chairs.(房間里除了一些椅子空蕩蕩。)

  Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.(除了幾處拼寫錯誤,你的文章寫的不錯)

  3.be near to(靠近)

  The park is near to our school. Let's go boating.(公園離我們學(xué)校很近,我們?nèi)澊伞#?/p>

  The police station is near to our community. It is within walking distance.

 �。ň炀蛛x我們社區(qū)很近,步行就能到達(dá)。)

  4.face towards(朝向)

  My office is in the building that faces towards the street.(我的辦公室在那座朝街的樓里。)

  His new house faces towards the south.(他的新房子朝南。)

  5.keep…in mind(把…記在心里)

  I am not sure if he would keep what you have said in mind.�。ㄎ也荒芸隙ㄋ欠駮涯阏f的話記在心里。)

  I will keep this in mind for future reference.(我會記住這個,供以后參考。)

  6.light up(變亮;使容光煥發(fā))

  Her face lighted up when she heard the news.(聽到那個消息,她面露喜色。)

  His face was lighted (lit) up with excitement.(他因興奮而滿面春風(fēng)。)

  7.reflect(反射)

  Mirrors reflect light.(鏡子反射光。)

  The white sand reflected the sun's heat(白沙地反射太陽的熱氣。)。

  The light reflected from the water into my eyes.(光線投過水面反射到我眼里。)

  8.…enough for sb. to do sth.(足以讓某人做某事)

  The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party.�。ㄟ@間房夠大了,我們可以在里面開舞會。)

  The basket is light enough for the little boy to carry.(這只籃子很輕,那個小男孩能提動。)

  9.speak of(提到,說起)

  I have never heard him speak of his past.(我從來沒有聽他提起他的過去。)

  She always looks proud when she speaks of her son.(說到她的兒子她總是很自豪的樣子。)

  10.otherwise(不然;另外的)

  He reminded me of what I might otherwise have forgotten.(他提醒了我,不然我可能會忘記那件事。)

  He is a little careless, but he is otherwise quite suitable for the job.(他有點粗心,除此以外,他倒是很適合這個工作的。)

  He is honest, but his twin brother is otherwise.(他很誠實,而他的孿生兄弟則不然。)

  11.nothing but(僅僅,除了…之外沒有什么)

  There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard.(食櫥里除了一片面包什么也沒有。)

  He asked for nothing but trust.(除了信任,他什么要求都沒有。)

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