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09年自考英語一課堂筆記(unit20)

作者:   發(fā)布時間:2009-07-11 09:50:03  來源:
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  在第十四單元中我們學(xué)過副詞honestly.honest是個形容詞。-y是名詞后綴,加在動詞或形容詞后面可以構(gòu)成名詞。

  如:delivery, discovery, recovery, flattery, modesty, jealousy.

  如果我們在honest, honesty前面加上前綴dis-則可以構(gòu)成反義詞。

  1)His honesty wins him a lot of friends. (他的誠實贏得了許多朋友。)

  2)In all honesty I'm at my wit’s end. (說實話,我現(xiàn)在是智窮計盡。)

  3)He is honest to his friends (他對朋友很真誠。)

  4)Nobody wanted to have anything to do with this dishonest chap. (誰都不想與這個不誠實的家伙打交道。)

  5)His dishonesty gave his parents a shock. (他的不誠實令他的父母大為吃驚。)

  20. probably adv. 很可能,大概,或許

  probable adj. 有可能

  probability n. 可能性

  1)He will probably refuse your help. (他很可能會拒絕你的幫助。)

  2)Their team will probably win the game. (他們隊或許會贏得這場比賽。)

  3)It's probable that they will come earlier. (他們可能會早點來。)

  4)Overloading was the probable cause of the accident. (超載是事故的可能起因。)

  5)There is no probability that he will succeed. (他不可能成功。)

  6)There is every probability that she will make a fuss over the matter. (她很可能對此事大驚小怪。)

  本課簡介

  在本篇課文中作者告訴我們并不只是粗野之人才犯罪,生活中看似無大礙的事情往往有違法律�,F(xiàn)實生活是復(fù)雜的,不可能像在電影中一 樣,簡單地把人分為好人和壞人。如同疾病可以輕至感冒重至癌癥一樣,犯罪行為也是有程度的輕重的。人們會對某些違法行為持寬容態(tài)度,這也許是因為人們想借 此來為自己的某些違法行為開脫。另外,報刊、電視上的暴力使得人們對犯罪司空見慣。在許多情況下,人們不忍去傷害一個具體的人,而對某個不甚具體的群體或 個體加以傷害卻并不在意。人們對于違法行為的種種錯誤認識必須得以糾正。嚴法酷刑、警方的嚴加防范也許都不能使人完全免于犯罪,變得誠實,每一個人都應(yīng)從 自己做起,使我們的社會成為一個文明的法制社會。

  本課語言點

  1.Who do you think breaks the law in our society?

  本句中do you think是個插入語,插入語用于問句中在英語中也是十分常見的,如:

  1)What performance do you think they will put on? (你認為他們會表演什么節(jié)目?)

  2)When do you suppose they will see us? (你認為他們什么時候會見我們?)

  3)Where do you suggest we should go during the holiday? (你建議我們假期去哪兒?)

  4)How long did he say he would spend on that book? (他說他要在那本書上花多長時間?)

  5)What do you suggest he should do to make up for the loss? (為了彌補損失,你建議他該做些什么?)

  2.Has anyone you know ever driven drunk?

  本句中的drunk是個過去分詞,在句子中做狀語,修飾謂語動詞driven,說明動作發(fā)生的情況。這類用法也十分常見,如:

  1)He turned away disappointed. (他失望地走開了。)

  2)They went home exhausted. (他們回到家里已筋疲力盡了。)

  3)We joined in the discussion unprepared. (我們毫無準備地加入了討論。)

  Ever是個常用詞,在使用該詞時,常有人犯各種錯誤。我們來看一下ever的主要用法。

  1)表示將來或過去的任何時間。用于否定句、疑問句、條件句中:

  Have you ever been to Paris? (你去過巴黎嗎?)

  Nothing ever makes him happier. (從沒有什么事會使他更開心。)

  If you are ever in China, please let me know. (如果你什么時候在中國,請讓我知道。)

  2)用于表示比較的從句中:

  It is raining harder than ever. (雨越下越大了。)

  This is the highest mountain I have ever climbed. (這是我所爬過的最高的山。)

  The last I ever met him was in Nanjing. (我最后一次遇見他是在南京。)

  3)用于特殊疑問句中,表示“究竟”,“到底”,“用任何方式”等:

  How can I ever thank you? (我究竟怎樣才能感謝你?)

  Who ever can it be? (那究竟會是誰呢?)

  Why ever did you say so? (你究竟為什么這樣說?)

  4)表示“總是”:“不斷地”:“永遠”:

  He is ever ready to help others. (他總是樂于幫助他人。)

  The little boy is ever making the same mistakes. (那個小男孩總是犯同樣的錯誤。)

  Everybody was amazed at her ever youthful face. (每一個人都為她永遠年輕的容貌感到驚奇。)

  3.Won't some of your frends admit that they have stolen an item from a store?

  請注意本句中的動詞admit的用法。admit做及物動詞用時,表示“承認”,“確認”,“接納”。Admit做不及物動詞用時,表示“通往”:“承認”

  1)He admitted threatening Larry. (他承認恐嚇了拉里。)

  2)The young man was admitted to Harvard. (那位年輕人被哈佛錄取了。)

  3)This door admits to the backyard. (這扇門通向后院。)

  4)He admitted to having broken the vase. (他承認打碎了花瓶。)

  5)The shop assistant admitted that she had taken the money. (店員承認是她拿了錢。)

  4.in case you did not know, all of these acts are against the law.本句話的意思是“如果你以前不知道,所有這些行為都是違法的。”

  in case用于引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句和目的狀語從句,在從句中,動詞可以用虛擬語氣,形式為should+動詞原形,也可以不用虛擬語氣,而用動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時,如:

  1)Please remind me of it in case I (should) forget. (萬一我忘了,請?zhí)嵝盐�。�?/p>

  2)You had better leave the key at home in case I (should) think of coming back. (你最好把鑰匙留在家里以免我想回來。)

  5.In the same way that diseases range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer, crimes vary in degree.

  本句中的range from和vary在前面的課文中都已出現(xiàn)過,再請看幾個例句。

  1)The participants range in age from 14 to 65.(參加者的年齡從14歲到65歲不等。)

  2)The flavour of food varies from place to place. (食品的風味各地都不同。)

  Crimes vary in degree in the same way that…that引導(dǎo)的是一個同位語從句對way作進一步的說明。in the same way意思是“以同樣的方式”。

  1)We would do it in the same way that you did last time. (我們將用你上次所用的同樣方法來做這件事。)

  2)The teacher talked to the boy in the same way that his teacher had talked to him years ago. (那位老師用多年前他的老師與他交談的方式同那個男孩談話。)

  6.In addition to breaking the law themselves, people tolerate various levels of crime.

  in addition to意思是“除…之外(還)…”, to是介詞,在其后要用名詞或動名詞。

  1)In addition to bread, I bought you some milk. (除了面包,我還給你買了些牛奶。)

  2)In addition to holding a full-time job, he tutored some primary school children.(除了一份全日制的工作,他還輔導(dǎo)幾個小學(xué)的孩子。)

  tolerate是個及物動詞,意思是put up with (忍受、寬�。�;accept (允許)

  1)They tolerate the existence of opinions contrary to their own. (他們允許相反觀點的存在。)

  2)I cannot imagine how he tolerated the isolation. (我不能想象他是如何忍受這份孤獨的。)

  7.We become used to seeing blood on the news on television. Become是一個連系動詞,used to與連系動詞或be動詞連用,意思是“習慣”,used to單獨用時,意思是“過去,曾經(jīng)”。

  1)He is getting used to living in the south. (他正在習慣南方的生活。)

  2)I have become used to getting up early in the morning. (我已習慣早起。)

  1)He used to work for the government. (他曾為政府做事。)

  2)They used to live in the same city. (他們曾在同一座城市生活過。)

  請注意be used to中的to是個介詞,后面要用名詞或動名詞,used to中的to是個不定式符號,后面用動詞原形。

  8.When it comes to respecting the rights of a mass of anonymous individuals, we might not be so responsible.

  When it comes to相當于so far as…is concerned意思是“就…而言”,“說到…時”。To是個介詞,后面用名詞或動名詞。

  1)He is not good at math, but when it comes to English, he is the best. (他的數(shù)學(xué)不好,要說到英語他是最好的。)

  2)When it comes to giving due respect to the old people, she feels a bit uneasy.(說到給老人應(yīng)有的尊敬,她有些不自在。)

  請注意mass與mess的區(qū)別。Mass的意思是“團,塊;群;大量”;mess的意思是“混亂;一團糟”。

  1)The floating masses office would prove to be a threat to the ships. (大塊大塊的浮冰對船只將是個威脅。)

  2)They have collected a great mass of data. (他們已收集了大量資料。)

  3)The room is a mess. (這房間又臟又亂。)

  4)They made a mess of the job. (他們把事情搞得一團糟。)

  9.While most people would not steal a wallet containing $50, they may not mind cheating on taxes, because cheating on taxes does not hurt any one person.

  本句中的while意思是although(雖然,盡管),如:

  1)While he is respected, he is not well-liked. (盡管他受人尊敬,但并不被人喜歡。)

  2)While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (盡管我承認他的優(yōu)點我還是看到他的缺點的。)

  在動詞mind的后面要用動名詞、名詞短語或從句:

  1)Mind the wet paint! (當心,油漆未干。)

  2)Mind your own business! (別管閑事!)

  3)Would you mind my smoking? (我抽煙你介意嗎?)

  4)I don't mind tell him all I know. (我不介意把我所知道的都告訴他。)

  5)Mind that you don't forget the meeting. (注意別忘了開會。)

  10.Perhaps this is why someone who robs a few dollars by force from a corner store will often end up with a longer jail term than a fraud artist who swindles thousands of dollars…

  by force意思是“憑借暴力,強迫地”,如:

  1)Several youngsters robbed the bank by force. (幾個年輕人以暴力搶劫銀行。)

  2)The boy was robbed of his money by force. (那個男孩的錢被強搶了。)

  end up的意思是“結(jié)束,告終”,如:

  1)You will end up in prison if you go on stealing. (如果你繼續(xù)偷下去,你最終會進監(jiān)獄的。)

  2)Wasteful people usually end up in debt. (揮霍浪費者最后往往負債。)

  3)We ended up taking a taxi there. (我們最終乘出租車去了那兒。)

  4)The party ended up with a chorus. (晚會最后以合唱結(jié)束。)

  5)If we go on in this way, we shall end up with millions and millions of unemployed.(如果我們繼續(xù)這樣下去,結(jié)果會有數(shù)百萬人失業(yè)。)

  term在本句中的意思是“期限”,如:

  serve one's term of service (服規(guī)定年限的兵役)

  get a term of ten years in prison (被判十年徒刑)

  during one's term of office (任職期間)

  11.The police would never be able to keep an eye on everyone, and people would still find ways to bend new laws.

  keep an eye on意思是“照看;密切注意”,如:

  1)Can you keep an eye on the baby while I go shopping? (我去購物時你能幫我照看一下孩子嗎?)

  2)Parents won't be able to keep an eye on the children all the time. (父母不可能時時注意孩子們。)

  bend在本句中的意思是“任意歪曲,篡改”,如:

  1)They tried in vain to bend the rules of the game. (他們篡改比賽規(guī)則的企圖沒有成功。)

  2)He took advantage of his power to bend the law to suit his own purposes. (他利用權(quán)力篡改法律以適合自己的目的。)

  本課主要詞組

  1.think of           2.be aware

  3.go through         4.in case

  5.divide into         6.in the same way

  7.range from         8.in addition to

  9.be tolerant of        10.become used to

  11.care about         12.prevent from

  13.when it comes to      14.by force

  15.end up          16.keep an eye on

  Text B   Marriage in iran and America:a study in contrasts

  短語表達

  I. Phrases and expressions

  1.compare with

  Compared with the products of their factory, ours are superior in quality.

  Compared with many other women in her days, she was really lucky.

  2.for the purpose of

  He cheated on the exam for the purpose of getting a high score.

  He told a lie for the purpose of avoiding a possible punishment.

  3.a number of

  A number of local residents have moved to a new residential area.

  A number of miners who had been trapped were saved.

  4.be willing to

  He was willing to lend us a helping hand when we were in need.

  The man was not willing to admit that he was wrong.

  5.be married to

  She was married to a handsome young man from Germany.

  The girl stood up and said she was willing to be married to the poor artist.

  6.be involved in

  No one wanted to be involved in this matter.

  Mr. Li didn't expect that his son could be involved in this robbery.

  7.respond to

  How did the audience respond to your speech?

  He responded to his wife's complaints by turning a deaf ear to her.

  8.be allowed to

  He is allowed to read in prison.

  The boy is not allowed to play video games.

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