1. The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

【譯文】蘋(píng)果向下落到地面不是向上飛到樹(shù)上，這一事實(shí)回答了他長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直對(duì)天空中更大果實(shí)--月球和行星所存有的疑問(wèn)。

【析句】這個(gè)句子的主干是The fact... answered the question。主語(yǔ)The fact跟了一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句（the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree）。賓語(yǔ)the question跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句（he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets）。

【講詞】fact（事實(shí)）詞義雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但是在英語(yǔ)中會(huì)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，特別是介詞的賓語(yǔ)，這種情況可能會(huì)給理解增加一些困難。We have to be aware of that fact that there is censorship in every country in the world.（我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即全世界每個(gè)國(guó)家都存在審查制度。）Apart from the fact that this is mislabeled, you could not guarantee that others would recognize these conventions, or even  follow them.（不僅這種說(shuō)法不對(duì)，而且你無(wú)法保證其他人會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到這些習(xí)俗，或者甚至?xí)�遵守這些習(xí)俗。）

2. In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought.

【譯文】在和一些科學(xué)家，特別是年輕科學(xué)家交談時(shí)，你可能會(huì)有這樣一種印象：他們認(rèn)為“科學(xué)方法”可以代替創(chuàng)造性思維。

【析句】這個(gè)句子的主干是you... gather the impression。句子的狀語(yǔ)（In talking to some scientists,particularly younger ones）較長(zhǎng)。that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the impression。

【講詞】 substitute意為“替代，替身”。Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality.（幻想的意義并不僅僅在于作為失意的現(xiàn)實(shí)的替代物。）Silk was once substituted as a writing material.（絲綢曾一度是書(shū)寫(xiě)材料的替代品。）The coach has to find a substitute for the injured forward.（教練必須為受傷的前鋒尋找一位替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員。）