1. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

【譯文】所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人們對(duì)此意見(jiàn)不一。

【析句】本句的主干為There is no agreement，whether... or...引導(dǎo)的從句是agreement 的同位語(yǔ)。在同位語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)是methodology，謂語(yǔ)是refers to，賓語(yǔ)是the concepts和the research techniques，peculiar to historical work和appropriate  to the various branches of historical inquiry是形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，分別修飾兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。

【講詞】peculiar（特別的，獨(dú)特的）和appropriate（恰當(dāng)?shù)�，適當(dāng)?shù)模┰谟⒄Z(yǔ)中作后置定語(yǔ)是非常普遍的。

His lectures will cover some of the topics peculiar to computer science.（他的課會(huì)涉及計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)特有的一些話題。）

We can observe a structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an individual or a group.（我們可以觀察到個(gè)性和群體所特有的一種結(jié)構(gòu)性或行為性的特征。）

The doctor will take action appropriate to the situation.（醫(yī)生將根據(jù)情況采取恰當(dāng)?shù)拇胧�。�?/p>

2. It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

【譯文】這種謬誤同樣存在于歷史傳統(tǒng)派和歷史社科派；前者認(rèn)為歷史就是史學(xué)界內(nèi)部和外部人士對(duì)各種史料來(lái)源的評(píng)論，后者認(rèn)為歷史的研究是具體方法的研究。

【析句】本句的主干為It applies equally to traditional historians... and to social science historians，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（applies to）帶有兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)（traditional historians和social science historians），而兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中又分別跟了一個(gè)由who 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。需要注意的是句中activity是指"歷史社科派的活動(dòng)"，即他們的歷史研究。

【講詞】 equate意為"使相等；等同"。You can't equate his poems  with his plays.（你不能把他的詩(shī)跟劇本相提并論。）Nowadays,many people equate passing examinations with being educated.（當(dāng)今很多人把考試及格與受過(guò)教育等同起來(lái)。）