1. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

【譯文】人們之所以關注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因為史學界內(nèi)部意見不一，其次是因為外界并不認為歷史是一門學問。

【析句】本句是簡單句。句子的主干為Interest... has arisen。此句較難之處一是對術語的理解和翻譯，二是對句子結構的理解，特別是對less... more...的理解。

【講詞】historical methods在句中不是“歷史的方法”，而是“歷史研究的方法”。external challenge意為“外界的挑戰(zhàn)”或“外部的挑戰(zhàn)”，即“外界的意見”。the validity of history as an intellectual discipline是指“歷史學能否成為一門學科”。internal quarrel意為“內(nèi)部的爭論”。

2. During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

【譯文】在這種轉變中，歷史學家研究歷史時，那些解釋新史料的新方法充實了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。

【析句】本句是簡單句。句子的主干為traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies.designed to interpret the new forms of  evidence in the historical study是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾前面的methodologies。

【講詞】augment意為“加強，充實”。The plan was augmented by further funding from the company.（公司進一步的注資加強了這一計劃。）new forms of evidence意為new forms of historical evidence，因此應該譯為“新的史料”或“新的史證”。