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    全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（一）全真沖刺試卷Ⅱ

    Simulated National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates

    （2011）

    考生注意事項

    1. 考生必須嚴格遵守各項考場規(guī)則。

    2. 答題前，考生應(yīng)按準考證上的有關(guān)內(nèi)容填寫答題卡上的“考生姓名”、“報考單位”、“考生編號”等信息。

    3. 答案必須按要求填涂或?qū)懺谥付ǖ拇痤}卡上。

    （1） 英語知識運用、閱讀理解A節(jié)、B節(jié)的答案填涂在答題卡1上。填涂部分應(yīng)該按照答題卡上的要求用2B鉛筆完成。如要改動，必須用橡皮擦干凈。

    （2） 閱讀理解部分C節(jié)的答案和作文必須用（藍）黑色字跡鋼筆、圓珠筆或簽字筆在答題卡2上作答。字跡要清楚。

    4. 考試結(jié)束，將答題卡1、答題卡2及試題一并裝入試題袋中交回。

    考試時間

    滿分180分鐘100分得分

    Section ⅠUse of English

    Directions：

    Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

    It is generally recognized in the world that the second Gulf War in Iraq is a crucial test of high-speed web. For decades， Americans have anxiously 1 each war through a new communication 2， from the early silent film of World War I to the 24-hour cable news 3 of the first Persian Gulf War.

    Now， 4 bombs exploding in Baghdad， a sudden increase in wartime 5 for online news has become a central test of the 6 of high-speed Internet connections. It is also a good 7 both to attract users to online media 8 and to persuade them to pay for the material they find there， 9 the value of the Cable News Network persuaded millions to 10 to cable during the last war in Iraq.

    11 by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with high-speed Internet 12， now at more than 70 million in the United States， the web sites of many of the major news organizations have 13 assembled a novel collage （拼貼） of 14 video， audio reports， photography collections， animated weaponry 15， interactive maps and other new digital reportage.

    These Internet services are 16 on the remarkable abundance of sounds and images 17 from video cameras 18 on Baghdad and journalists traveling with troops. And they have found a 19 audience of American office workers 20 their computers during the early combat. （245 words）

    1. [A] notified [B] publicized [C] followed[D] pursued

    2. [A] means[B] medium[C] method [D]measure

    3. [A] coverage[B] publication [C] convention [D] conveyance

    4. [A] during[B] in [C] as [D] with

    5. [A] report [B] demand[C] concern[D] prospect

    6. [A] ability [B] chance [C] potential [D] power

    7. [A] opportunity [B] perspective [C] message [D] response

    8. [A] outlets [B] resources[C] circumstances[D] positions

    9. [A] for all that[B] now that [C] just as[D] as if

    10. [A] subject[B] contribute[C] apply [D] subscribe

    11. [A] Discouraged [B] Inspired [C] Impressed[D] Effected

    12. [A] approach [B] usage[C] application[D] access

    13. [A] radically [B] plausibly [C] orderly[D] hastily

    14. [A] living[B] alive[C] live [D] lively

    15. [A] destruction [B] displays [C] installation [D] contest

    16. [A] capitalizing [B] embarking[C] broadcasting[D] operating

    17. [A] accessible [B] desirable [C] feasible[D] available

    18. [A] focused[B] rested [C] reckoned [D] depended

    19. [A] continuous [B] perpetual[C] captive [D] temporary

    20. [A] with [B] at [C] beside[D] near

    Section ⅡReading Comprehension

    Part A

    Directions：

    Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）

    Text1

    Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes： emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire” is one instance； another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive； in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were influenced largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

    The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words are highly regarded by them.

    Another reason it is true is that pupils often devote their time to a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico his teacher�餾 method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.

    The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies （with special reference to races， creeds and nationalities）， science matters of health and safety， the very atmosphere of the classroom…… these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.

    However， when children go to school with undesirable attitudes， it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.

    To illustrate， first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way， a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion， research， outside reading and all-day trips.

    Finally， a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes， because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis of all the facts. （377 words）

    Notes： point up （=emphasize）強調(diào)，突出。touch upon 觸及。creed 信條，教義。inculcation諄諄教誨。cajoling 哄騙。

    21. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text？

    [A] An assertion is made and two examples are given to illustrate it.

    [B] A controversy is stated and two opposite points of view are presented.

    [C] A widely accepted definition is presented and two men are described.

    [D] An idea is stated and two results of recent research are summarized.

    22. The central idea conveyed in the above text is that

    [A] attitudes affect our actions.

    [B] teachers play a significant role in developing or reshaping pupils�� attitudes.

    [C] attitudes can be modified by some classroom experiences.

    [D] by their attitudes， teachers don't affect pupils' attitudes deliberately.

    23. In paragraph 6 the author implies that

    [A] the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude.

    [B] in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades.

    [C] people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than on emotion.

    [D] children's attitudes often come from those of other children.

    24. A statement not made or implied in the text is that

    [A] attitudes can be based on the learning of untrue statements.

    [B] worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area.

    [C] attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures.

    [D] the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated as infants.

    25. The text specially states that

    [A] direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones.

    [B] whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at home.

    [C] teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children.

    [D] teachers should always conceal their own attitudes.

    Text2

    An industrial society， especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain， is heavily dependent on certain essential services： for instance， electricity supply， water， rail and road transport， and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish， hospital and ambulance services， and， as the economy develops， central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate， the whole economic system is in danger.

    It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries， in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions， compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons， Britain's unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines， rather than on an industry-by-industry basis， which makes a wages policy， democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.

    There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement， some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions， which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies， unions can fight for their members�� disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.

    Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do， problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly； others are elected， or even appointed， for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of “shop stewards” in many unions， “shop stewards” being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level. （411 words）

    26. Why is the interdependence of the UK economy mentioned in paragraph 1？

    [A] To point up the importance of the trade union power.

    [B] To outline in brief the great scale of essential services.

    [C] To illustrate the danger in the whole economic system.

    [D] To bring out a centralized and concentrated industrial society.

    27. Because of their out-of-date organization some unions find it difficult to

    [A] recruit new members to join.

    [B] remold themselves as industries change.

    [C] adapt to advancing technologies.

    [D] bargain for high enough wages.

    28. Disagreements arise between unions because some of them

    [A] take over other unions' jobs.

    [B] try to win over members of other unions.

    [C] protect their own members at the expense of others.

    [D] intend to represent workers in new trade organizations.

    29. What basic problem are we told most trade unions face？

    [A] They are equal in size of influence.

    [B] They are less powerful than ever before.

    [C] They don't have enough members.

    [D] They are not organized efficiently.

    30. The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be

    [A] British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks.

    [B] A Centralized and Concentrated Society.

    [C] The Power of Trade Unions in Britain.

    [D] The Structure of British Trade Unions.

    Text3

    Is the literary critic like the poet， responding creatively， intuitively， subjectively to the written word as the poet responds to human experience？ Or is the critic more like a scientist， following a series of demonstrable， verifiable steps， using an objective method of analysis？

    For the woman who is a practitioner of feminist literary criticism， the subjectivity versus objectivity， or critic-as-artist-or-scientist， debate has special significance； for her， the question is not only academic， but political as well， and her definition will provoke special risks whichever side of the issue it favors. If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific—a valid， verifiable， intellectual method that anyone， whether man or woman， can perform—the definition not only makes the critic-as-artist approach impossible， but may also hinder accomplishment of the utilitarian political objectives of those who seek to change the academic establishment and its thinking， especially about sex roles. If she defines feminist criticism as creative and intuitive， privileged as art， then her work becomes vulnerable to the prejudices of stereotypic ideas about the ways in which women think， and will be dismissed by much of the academic establishment. Because of these prejudices， women who use an intuitive approach in their criticism may find themselves charged with inability to be analytical， to be objective， or to think critically. Whereas men may be free to claim the role of critic-as-artist， women run different professional risks when they choose intuition and private experience as critical method and defense.

    These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle， in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars only now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers will be at stake， and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding， a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.

    As long as the academic establishment continues to regard objective analysis as “masculine” and an intuitive approach as “feminine，” the theoretician must steer a delicate philosophical course between the two. If she wishes to construct a theory of feminist criticism， she would be well advised to place it within the framework of a general theory of the critical process that is neither purely objective nor purely intuitive. Her theory is then more likely to be compared and contrasted with other theories of criticism with some degree of dispassionate distance. （418 words）

    31. Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the text？

    [A] How Theories of Literary Criticism Can Best Be Used

    [B] Problems Confronting Women Who Are Feminist Literary Critics

    [C] A Historical Overview of Feminist Literary Criticism

    [D] Literary Criticism： Art or Science？

    32. According to the author， the debate has special significance for the woman who is a theoretician of feminist literary criticism because

    [A] women who are literary critics face professional risks different from those faced by men who are literary critics.

    [B] there are large numbers of capable women working within the academic establishment.

    [C] there are a few powerful feminist critics who have been recognized by the academic establishment.

    [D] like other critics， most women who are literary critics define criticism as either scientific or artistic.

    33. The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularly affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary criticism EXCEPT the

    [A] tendency of a predominantly male academic establishment to form preconceptions about women.

    [B] limitations that are imposed when criticism is defined as objective and scientific.

    [C] likelihood that the work of a woman theoretician who claims the privilege of art will be viewed with prejudice by some academics.

    [D] tendency of members of the academic establishment to treat all forms of feminist literary theory with hostility.

    34. It can be inferred that the author would define as “political”（Line 1， Para. 3） the questions that

    [A] cannot be resolved without extensive debate.

    [B] are primarily academic in nature and open to abstract analysis.

    [C] are contested largely through contention over power.

    [D] will be debated by both men and women.

    35. Which of the following is most likely to be one of the “utilitarian political objectives” mentioned by the author？

    [A] To forge a new theory of literary criticism.

    [B] To pursue truth in a disinterested manner.

    [C] To demonstrate that women are interested in literary criticism that can be viewed either subjectively or objectively.

    [D] To convince the academic establishment to revise the ways in which it assesses women scholars�� professional qualities.

    Text4

    Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil right activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks， Hispanics and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack of access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress， in apparent agreement， has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500， 000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed， some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.

    Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977， the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to 1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980's is estimated to be over $3 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.

    Promising as it is for minority businesses， this increased patronage poses dangers for them， too. First， minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially， since most are small concerns and， unlike large businesses， they often need to make substantial investment in new plants， staff， equipment and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If， thereafter， their subcontracts are for some reason reduced， such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources， and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders， or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.

    A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionment through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course， in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures； clearly， White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil right groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts” with White backing， rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.

    Third， a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent. Even in the best of circumstances， fierce competition from larger， more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases； when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor， they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success. （469 words）

    Notes： civil rights activists公民權(quán)利激進分子。Hispanics西班牙后裔美國人。sizable orders大額訂單。subcontract轉(zhuǎn)包合同。on forms filed with the government在政府存檔備案。percentage goals指標。apportionment分配，分派。public works市政工程。letup減弱，緩和。promising as it is…… 這是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，表語倒裝了。patronage優(yōu)惠。concern n. 公司。and the like以及諸如此類的。crippling fixed expenses引起損失的固定開支。the world of大量的。bid投標。to cash in on……靠…賺錢。team up一起工作，合作。fronts在此處意為“擺門面”。complacency自滿。

    36. The primary purpose of the text is to

    [A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.

    [B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.

    [C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.

    [D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.

    37. According to the text， civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have

    [A] been especially vulnerable to government mismanagement of the economy.

    [B] been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors.

    [C] not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations.

    [D] not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers.

    38. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

    [A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.

    [B] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.

    [C] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.

    [D] revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts.

    39. The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should

    [A] avoid competition with larger， more established concerns by not expanding.

    [B] concentrating on securing even more business from that corporation.

    [C] use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns.

    [D] try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on the corporation.

    40. According to the organization of the text， it most likely appeared in

    [A] a business magazine.

    [B] an accounting textbook.

    [C] a dictionary of financial terms.

    [D] a yearbook of business statistics.

    Part B

    Directions：

    The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45， you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A—G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

    [A] By contrast， somewhat more than 25 percent of the earth's population can be found in the industrialized societies. They lead modern lives. They are products of the first half of the twentieth century， molded by mechanization and mass education， brought up with lingering memories of their own country's agricultural past. They are， in effect， the people of the present.

    [B] The remaining 2 or 3 percent of the world's population， however， are no longer people of either the past or the present. For within the main centers of technological and cultural change， in Santa Monica， California and Cambridge， Massachusetts， in New York and London， and Tokyo， are millions of men and women who can already be said to be living the way of life of the future. Trend-makers often without being aware of it， live today as millions will live tomorrow. And while they account for only a few percent of the global population today， they are already from an international nation of the future in our midst. They are the advanced agents of man， the earliest citizens of the worldwide super-industrial society now in the throes of birth.

    [C] It is， in fact， not too much to say that the pace of life draws a line through humanity， dividing us into camps， triggering bitter misunderstanding between parent and child， between Madison Avenue and Main Street， between men and women， between American and European， between East and West.

    [D] What makes them different from the rest of mankind？ Certainly， they are richer， better educated， more mobile than the majority of the human race. They also live longer. But what specifically marks the people of the future is the fact that they are already caught up in a new， stepped-up pace of life. They “live faster” than the people around them.

    [E] The inhabitants of the earth are divided not only by race， nation， religion or ideology， but also， in a sense， by their position in time. Examining the present population of the globe， we find a tiny group who still live， hunting and food-foraging， as men did millennia ago. Others， the vast majority of mankind， depend not on bear-hunting or berry-picking， but on agriculture. They live， in many respects， as their ancestors did centuries ago. These two groups taken together compose perhaps 70 percent of all living human beings. They are the people of the past.

    [F] Some people are deeply attracted to this highly accelerated pace of life—going far out of their way to bring it about and feeling anxious， tense or uncomfortable when the pace slows. They want desperately to be “where the action is.” James A. Wilson has found， for example， that the attraction for a fast pace of life is one of the hidden motivating forces behind the much�瞤ublicized “brain-drain”—the mass migration of European scientists and engineers who migrated to the U.S. and Canada. He concluded that it was no higher salaries or better research facilities alone， but also the quicker tempo that lure them. The migrants， he writes， “are not put off by what they indicated as the ‘faster pace' of North America； if anything， they appear to prefer this pace to others.”

    [G] The pace of life is frequently commented on by ordinary people. Yet， oddly enough， it has received almost no attention from either psychologists or sociologists. This is a gaping inadequacy in the behavioral sciences， for the pace of life profoundly influences behavior， evoking strong and contrasting reactions from different people. （578 words）

    Notes： gaping 是gape的現(xiàn)在分詞；gape vi. 裂開。not too much一點兒也不多，一點兒也不過分。Madison Avenue 麥迪遜街（紐約一條街道的名字。美國主要廣告公司、公共關(guān)系事務(wù)所集中于此。常用以表示此等公司之作風(fēng)、做法等。）。Main Street實利主義社會。food-foraging覓食的。millennium千年。trend-maker（=trend-setter） 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)新潮的人。in the throes of為…而苦干、搏斗。be caught up in 陷入。going far out of their way to bring it about遠遠沒有阻礙它的誕生。brain-drain（高科技）人才流動（從歐洲到美洲）。

    Order：

    Part C

    Directions：

    Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）

    46） A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend toward “directed” or “programmed” research； i. e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.

    At the beginning of the century， however， the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense： the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most， assisted by one or two technicians. 47） Nevertheless， the scientist， often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms， was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked， since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.

    48） As the century developed， the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible， in many cases， for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data， techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. 49） Owing to the large sums of money involved， it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This， then， was programmed （programmatic） research.

    One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research （development）， especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations. 50） In consequence， there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field， where there are more jobs available， frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.

    Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science， it is easy to see that this system， if extended too far， carries considerable dangers for the future of science—and not only pure science， but applied science as well. （409 words）

    Section Ⅲ Writing

    Part A

    51. Directions：

    A chemical plant should be responsible for the water pollution in a nearby river. Write a letter to the City Environment Protection Agency to

    1） state the present situation，

    2） suggest ways to deal with the problem and

    3） express your sincere hope.

    You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

    Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

    Do not write the address. （10 points）

    Part B

    52. Directions：

    Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture. In your essay， you should

    1） describe the cartoon briefly，

    2） interpret its intended meaning， and

    3） give your view on the issue.

    You should write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）

    Section ⅠUse of English

    參考譯文

    世人普遍認為發(fā)生在伊拉克的第二次海灣戰(zhàn)爭是對高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一個至關(guān)重要的考驗。從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的早期無聲電影，到對上次海灣戰(zhàn)爭24小時的全天候有線電視報道，幾十年來，美國人一直懷著焦慮不安的心情，通過新的通訊媒體來跟蹤每一次戰(zhàn)爭。

    目前，隨著炸彈在巴格達炸響，對網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞的戰(zhàn)時需求急劇增加，這對因特網(wǎng)的高速連接潛力是個關(guān)鍵性的考驗。同時也是一個很好的機會，它可以吸引用戶使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，并說服他們出錢購買在網(wǎng)上看到的信息，這就像上次對伊戰(zhàn)爭期間，CNN的報道價值讓數(shù)百萬用戶加入了有線電視網(wǎng)。

    在過去18個月里，使用高速上網(wǎng)服務(wù)的人數(shù)穩(wěn)步增加，目前，在美國已有7000多萬人。受這種增長形勢的鼓舞，許多大新聞機構(gòu)的網(wǎng)站，匆匆忙忙把現(xiàn)場電視報道、錄音報道、攝影專輯、動態(tài)武器展示、互動地圖和其他電子報道雜亂無章地拼湊到一起。

    這些網(wǎng)站充分利用了定格巴格達的攝影鏡頭和隨軍記者所提供的豐富可觀的音像材料。早在開戰(zhàn)初期，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些守在計算機旁的美國辦公室工作人員是其最忠實的觀眾。

    1. [答案] [C] followed

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。notify vt. 通知；publicize vt. 宣傳；pursue vt. 追求；從事。以上3詞均不合題意。follow vt. 密切注意；注視；跟蹤。與上下文吻合。

    2. [答案] [B] medium

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。means 手段；method 方法；measure措施；以上三詞均不合題意。medium媒體，符合上下文需要。

    3. [答案] [A] coverage

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。publication n. 出版；發(fā)行；convention n. 習(xí)俗；大會；conveyance n. 傳遞。news coverage媒體報導(dǎo)，故應(yīng)選[A].

    4. [答案] [D] with

    [注釋] 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。“with + 名詞 + 分詞短語”構(gòu)成獨立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，意為“隨著…”。as是連詞，不能引導(dǎo)獨立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)；但可以引導(dǎo)時間從句。如本句改為as bombs are exploding in Baghdad，則也可以。

    5. [答案] [B] demand

    [注釋] 詞義結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。本句在談?wù)?ldquo;對網(wǎng)上新聞的戰(zhàn)時需求”，故應(yīng)選[B] demand.demand n. （for） 對…的需求。report 后不接for，故被排除。concern n. 后可接about， at， for意為“對…的關(guān)心；掛念，如concern about his own affairs（對他自己的事關(guān)心）；concern at his misfortune（對他不幸的關(guān)切）；show concern for his safety（表示對他安全的關(guān)心）。the concerns of the nation（國事）。prospect n.前景；展望。

    6. [答案] [C] potential

    [注釋] 詞義結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。ability 后常接不定式作定語。chance機會，可能性，與the test of在邏輯上不能搭配。此句意為“檢驗高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連結(jié)的潛力”，故應(yīng)選potential.power權(quán)力；電力。不合題意。

    7. [答案] [A] opportunity

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。opportunity機遇，后常接不定式作定語，本題選[A]在詞義和語法結(jié)構(gòu)上均是正確的。perspective n. 視角，看法；message 信息，消息；response 反應(yīng)，均不合句意。

    8. [答案] [A] outlets

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。outlet n. （水、氣等的）出口；發(fā)泄；電源；直銷店。to attract users to online media outlets意為“吸引用戶得到網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體發(fā)出的各種信息”。

    9. [答案] [C] just as

    [注釋] 邏輯搭配。for all that conj. 盡管；用來引導(dǎo)讓步從句。now that conj. 既然。as if 似乎，后接方式從句，用虛擬語氣。just as 就像。

    10. [答案] [D] subscribe

    [注釋] 詞義結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。subject……to……使…受到、服從…。contribute to 有助于，促進。apply to 適合。subscribe to 訂閱；同意。subscribe to cable 交錢收看有線電視。

    11. [答案] [B] Inspired

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。discourage vt. 使沮喪；打消（某人做某事的念頭）。inspire vt. 鼓舞。impress vt. 使留下印象。effect vt. （=bring about）產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生，引起：effect a cure/a change/a sale 產(chǎn)生療效/引起變化/實行大減價。

    12. [答案] [D] access

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。approach n. 接近，通入（to）。usage n. 用法。application n. 應(yīng)用；申請。access n. 利用…的權(quán)利：people with high speed Internet access（有權(quán)使用高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人們）。

    13. [答案] [D] hastily

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。radically 根本地；激進地。plausibly 似乎可信地。orderly 有序地。hastily匆忙地：hastily assemble a novel collage of……（匆忙地把…拼湊在一起）。

    14. [答案] [C] live

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。living adj. 有生命的：living things（生物）。alive adj. 活著：He is still alive. （他仍活著）。live adj. 實況的：live news coverage （實況新聞報導(dǎo)）；live video（實況錄像）。lively adj. （生動的）。

    15. [答案] [B] displays

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。destruction n. 毀滅；installation n. 安裝；contest n. 競賽。均不合題意。display n. 展覽：animated weaponry displays（動態(tài)的武器展覽）。

    16. [答案] [A] capitalizing

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。embark on 從事；貫徹。broadcast vt. 廣播。operate on 給…做手術(shù)。capitalize on （=use sth. to one�餾 own advantage） 利用某事（為達到某人利益）。

    17. [答案] [D] available

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。accessible adj. 可進入的；有權(quán)得到的。desirable adj. 想要的，令人滿意的：a desirable job（令人滿意的工作）。feasible adj. 可行的。available adj. 可得到的：the remarkable abundance of sounds and images available from video cameras （從錄像機中得到的大量音像材料）。

    18. [答案] [A] focused

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。focus……on把焦點對準…。rest on依靠，依賴。reckon on 依靠，指望。depend on依靠，依賴；取決于。

    19. [答案] [C] captive

    [注釋] 詞義搭配。continuous adj. 持續(xù)不斷的；perpetual adj. 永恒的；temporary adj. 臨時的。captive adj. 俘虜?shù)�；跑不掉的；忠實的（觀眾、客戶等）。

    20. [答案] [B] at

    [注釋] 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。at在此句中表示“守在…的近旁收看”，有動作含義，如be at work/at table（在工作/在吃飯）。beside， near只具有地點概念，無動作含義，故應(yīng)排除。

    小結(jié)

    按大綱規(guī)定“英語知識應(yīng)用”，即完形填空，題材應(yīng)為一篇240～280字的短文。本文是275字，符合大綱要求。試題類型有邏輯搭配、詞義搭配、結(jié)構(gòu)搭配和慣用搭配。本文與2010年考題要求相一致。完形填空解題技巧是：把握主題、抓住邏輯主線、瞻前顧后、各個擊破，最后統(tǒng)觀全文、查錯補漏。預(yù)計2011年完形填空難度不會超過2010年試題難度。完形填空解題時間通常為15分鐘左右。千萬不要超時，以免擠占后面各項的解題時間。

    Section ⅡReading Comprehension

    Part A

    21. [答案] [A] An assertion is made and two examples are given to illustrate it.

    [注釋] 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題問：下面哪一表述最好地描述了本文第1段的邏輯構(gòu)思？第1段第1句寫道：“學(xué)習(xí)的所有領(lǐng)域中，最重要的是培養(yǎng)態(tài)度：各種情感反應(yīng)和邏輯思維過程都會影響大多數(shù)人的行為。”這是作者提出的看法。接著作者舉了兩個例子來闡述這一看法�？梢姡�本段的邏輯��(gòu)思應(yīng)為[A].

    22. [答案] [B] teachers play a significant role in developing or reshaping pupils' attitudes.

    [注釋] 全文主旨題。本題問：本文要傳遞的中心思想是什么？本文第1段起了鋪墊作用，從總體上提出作者的看法。第2段第1句切入了本文的中心思想，即小學(xué)的任課老師處于影響學(xué)生各種態(tài)度形成的戰(zhàn)略性地位。接下去各個段落從不同角度來說明該中心思想。故應(yīng)選[B].

    23. [答案] [B] in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades.

    [注釋] 推理判斷題。本題問：作者在第6段中暗示了什么？參閱第6段。作者在此暗示，對低年級學(xué)生采用的方法比較簡單、單一，而對高年級學(xué)生采用的方法則更多樣化，如討論、研究、課外閱讀和全天的旅行。

    24. [答案] [D] the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated as infants.

    [注釋] 細節(jié)辨認題。本題問：本文中沒有提到或暗示的表述是什么？作者列出的4個選擇中前面3個直接或間接地在文章中提到了。第1段最后一句是講法西斯納粹主要是受他們聽到的講演和讀過的書籍的壞影響，即為[A]所述的內(nèi)容。第3、4段中作者談到教師講的各種課程對孩子“形成看法”的影響，即為[B]所指的內(nèi)容。第5段中作者提到it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them，句中cajoling（哄騙）即為選項[C]中的rewards，而scolding即為選項[C]中的lectures（嚴責(zé)，以長篇說教訓(xùn)人）。可見，是否選[C]的關(guān)鍵是對lectures的詞義的正確理解。這樣，只有選擇項[D]在本文中未有提及，故答案非[D]莫屬。

    25. [答案] [C] teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children.

    [注釋] 總結(jié)歸納題。本題問：本文專門闡述了什么？最后一段中作者提到because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejudices……（教師如果存有個人偏見的話，會對學(xué)生產(chǎn)生不良影響……）。可見，正確的選擇應(yīng)為[C].[C]選項中的unwholesome意為“不良的，不健康的”。

    注意：本文的試題要求考生對文章中的有關(guān)句子細細推敲才能正確解題。對這種試題考生應(yīng)深入分析命題者的思路，才能逐漸把握要領(lǐng)，學(xué)會解題的方法。

    26. [答案] [A] To point up the importance of the trade union power.

    [注釋] 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題問：第1段中為什么提到英國經(jīng)濟的相互依賴性？第1段最后1句和第2段第1句寫道：“如果這些設(shè)施中任何一項（由于勞工糾紛）而停止運行，那整個經(jīng)濟體系就危在旦夕。正是經(jīng)濟體系的這種互相依賴性使得工會的權(quán)力成為一個非常重要的問題。”故應(yīng)選[A]“為了強調(diào)工會權(quán)力的重要性”。[B]“為了簡要概述基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的巨大規(guī)模”不能入選，原因是它答非所問。[C] 是強干擾項，不能選的原因是它只提及一點，偏離主題。[D]“展示一個集中的工業(yè)社會”，偏離段落內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系，故不能入選。

    27. [答案] [B] remold themselves as industries change.

    [注釋] 細節(jié)歸納題。本題問：由于組織結(jié)構(gòu)老化，有些工會會遇到什么困難？解這類題要注意段落的主題句及其擴展句的綜合歸納。第3段第1句寫道：“在工會運動內(nèi)部存在著巨大的壓力和緊張情緒，其中有些問題是由于工會過時的、效率低下的組織結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的。”接著對此論點進行具體闡述并舉例說明�？梢姡�作者要說明，由于組織結(jié)構(gòu)的落后性，有些工會發(fā)現(xiàn)很難隨著行業(yè)的變化來改變其內(nèi)部組織。故[B]符合題意。[C]“適應(yīng)先進的技術(shù)”是強干擾項，屬概念偷換，因為文中指的是傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)，而不是指有些工會。

    28. [答案] [C] protect their own members at the expense of others.

    [注釋] 細節(jié)理解題。本題問：工會間產(chǎn)生分歧的原因何在？第3段倒數(shù)第2句寫道：“技術(shù)的進步淘汰了許多傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)，在這些行業(yè)中工會能夠為它們成員令人失望的工作而苦斗，以致使其他工會成員的工作受到威脅或毀滅。”可見， [C]項符合此意。[D]“打算在新的貿(mào)易組織中代表工人”是強干擾項，屬概念偷換，因為文中指的是新的技術(shù)行業(yè)中，而不是指新的貿(mào)易組織中。

    29. [答案] [D] They are not organized efficiently.

    [注釋] 總結(jié)歸納題。本題問：大多數(shù)工會遇到的基本問題是什么？從最后一段中可以看出，由于行業(yè)的變化和重組，各種工會遇到了前所未有的困難——缺少內(nèi)部有效的思想交流，組織機構(gòu)陳舊，效率低下�？梢姡琜D]反映了這種狀況。[B] “它們的力量不如以前”是強干擾項，不能選的原因是它太籠統(tǒng)，針對性差。

    30. [答案] [A] British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks.

    [注釋] 全文主旨題。本題問：本文最好的題目是下面哪一個？從全文的內(nèi)容看，文章主要闡述英國工會的狀況及其存在的問題。故應(yīng)選[A].[D] The Structure of British Trade Unions 只提到英國工會的結(jié)構(gòu)，而沒有談及其存在的問題，故不能入選。

    31. [答案] [B] Problems Confronting Women Who Are Feminist Literary Critics.

    [注釋] 全文主旨題。本題問：下面哪一個標題最好地總結(jié)了本文的內(nèi)容？第2段第1句基本反映全文的主旨：“對于從事女權(quán)主義文學(xué)評論的婦女來說，這場關(guān)于主觀性和客觀性、評論家作為藝術(shù)家還是作為科學(xué)家的爭論有其特殊的意義。對于女權(quán)主義的文學(xué)評論家來說，問題不僅是學(xué)術(shù)性的，而且還是政治性的。”接著文章環(huán)繞這個主題展開。故正確選項應(yīng)為[B].

    32. [答案] [A] women who are literary critics face professional risks different from those faced by men who are literary critics.

    [注釋] 細節(jié)理解題。本題問：根據(jù)作者的看法，為什么本文提到的辯論對婦女文學(xué)評論的理論家具有特殊的意義？第2段第1句和最后1段分別寫道：“對于從事女權(quán)主義文學(xué)評論的婦女來說，這場關(guān)于主觀性和客觀性，評論家作為藝術(shù)家還是作為科學(xué)家的爭論有其特殊的意義。對于女權(quán)主義的文學(xué)評論家來說，問題不僅是學(xué)術(shù)性的，而且還是政治性的。”“只要學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)仍然把客觀分析看做‘男子的��，而把直覺方法視為’女子的��，理論家就必須在這兩種觀點之間把握好細微的哲學(xué)方向。假如她想創(chuàng)立一種女權(quán)主義文藝批評理論的話，她最好還是把這種理論置于既不是純客觀又不是純直覺的一般評論方法的理論框架內(nèi)。這樣，她的理論更可能以某種程度的冷漠態(tài)度來與其他的批評理論進行比較與對照。”文章中還寫道：“男子可以自由地自稱他是像藝術(shù)家那樣的評論家，而女子選擇直覺和個人經(jīng)驗作為評論方法和爭辯方法時會冒各種職業(yè)風(fēng)險。”可見，從事文學(xué)評論的婦女面臨的職業(yè)風(fēng)險不同于從事文學(xué)評論的男子所面臨的風(fēng)險。故應(yīng)選[A].

    33. [答案] [D] tendency of members of the academic establishment to treat all forms of feminist literary theory with hostility.

    [注釋] 細節(jié)辨認題。本題問：作者認為下面哪一點并不是影響婦女文學(xué)評論的困難？解這類題的關(guān)鍵是對所找信息進行段落定位。本題所涉及的作為女權(quán)文學(xué)評論家的婦女所遇到的困難主要在第2段中加以闡述。[A]“男子占統(tǒng)治地位的學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)有形成對婦女先入為主的傾向”，可參閱第2段倒數(shù)第2句：“由于這些偏見，采用直覺方法進行評論的女子可能被認為缺乏分析能力、缺乏客觀性或批判性思考的能力”。這些都是對婦女有先入為主的成見。[B]“把評論定義為客觀的和科學(xué)的時所受到的限制”，參閱第2段第2、3句。[C]“主張藝術(shù)特殊性的女理論家的作品可能被某些學(xué)者帶偏見地加以考慮”，參閱第2段第3句。[D]中寫有 ……treat all forms of feminist theory with hostility，文中未提及。

    34. [答案] [C] are contested largely through contention over power.

    [注釋] 推理判斷題。本題問：可以推理作者把哪些問題定義為“政治的”？第3段第1句寫道：“這些問題在一定意義上是政治性的：在這些問題上的爭論與其說是以一種無私去探索抽象問題的研究精神，還不如說是一場學(xué)術(shù)性的權(quán)力之爭。在這場斗爭中許多女性學(xué)者（只是現(xiàn)在才大量進入學(xué)術(shù)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域）的學(xué)術(shù)生涯與專業(yè)命運將處于危險之中；同時她們也會有對人文科學(xué)的理解做出特殊貢獻的機遇。這種貢獻可能會在我們的社會中反對歧視婦女方面具有重要的影響。”可見，作者認為這些問題之所以是“政治性的”，主要因為它是權(quán)力之爭。故應(yīng)選[C].

    35. [答案] [D] To convince the academic establishment to revise the ways in which it assesses women scholars' professional qualities.

    [注釋] 推理判斷題。本題問：下面哪一點很可能是作者提到的“功利的政治目標”之一？第2段第2句寫道：“如果她把女權(quán)主義的評論定義為客觀的、科學(xué)的，即任何人，不管男女，都能使用的有效的、可證實的、理智的方法，那這種定義不僅使作為藝術(shù)家的評論家的觀察方法無法實現(xiàn)，而且也可能阻礙那些試圖改變學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)及其思想，特別是關(guān)于男女在文學(xué)評論中作用的思想的人們，實現(xiàn)其功利主義的政治目的。”可見，[D]“說服學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)改變其評估女性學(xué)者的專業(yè)素質(zhì)”很可能是作者提到的“功利主義的政治目的”之一。

    36. [答案] [B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.

    [注釋] 全文主旨題。本題問：本文的主要寫作目的是什么？第1段中闡述了“最近幾年來，美國少數(shù)民族企業(yè)在面臨新的、巨大危險的同時，也遇到了前所未有的良好機遇。”“少數(shù)民族團體很難在商業(yè)界立足，……因為它們無法得到大額訂單和分包合同�，F(xiàn)在國會已經(jīng)同意通過法律要求被獎勵了價值50萬美元以上的聯(lián)邦合同企業(yè)要盡力找少數(shù)民族分包者，并將有關(guān)情況報告給政府登記備案”。接著在第2段中舉例說明。第3段起始句寫道：“盡管資助的增加給少數(shù)民族企業(yè)帶來了很大的希望，這樣做同時也給它們帶來了風(fēng)險”。然后，從三個方面說明了這種風(fēng)險。可見，作者寫本文的目的在于描述一種情況，并說明其不足之處。

    注意：解這類題要求考生有高度的總結(jié)歸納、抽象概括的能力。訓(xùn)練這種能力的方法是抓住各段落的主題句，然后串起來進行抽象歸納，從而把握全文梗概。

    37. [答案] [C] not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations.

    [注釋] 細節(jié)理解題。本題問：根據(jù)本文，公民權(quán)利激進分子認為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)過去一直面臨的一個不利條件是什么？第1段第2句寫道：“長期以來，公民權(quán)利激進分子一直聲辯說，黑人、西班牙裔美國人和其他少數(shù)民族團體很難在商業(yè)上立足，其主要原因是它們很少得到大公司的大額訂單和分包合同。”可見，選項[C]符合此意。

    38. [答案] [A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.

    [注釋] 推理判斷題。本題問：大公司假如不能使它的合同投標盡快得到訂貨，就可能會引起什么情況？第3段第3句起寫道：“因此，如果它們（小公司）的分包合同由于某種原因減少了，這樣的公司可能面臨潛在的嚴重固定開支損失。大量的公司購買可能使小企業(yè)家受損，因為要他們做詳盡的正規(guī)估價和投標會使他們耗費大量的時間和財力，小公司必須努力盡快得到訂單，否則公司的士氣和財政狀況會受損。”言下之意，大公司如果遇到這種情況也會受損，但不會遭受嚴重的財政損失。可見，[A]符合此意。

    注意：推理判斷題解題技巧之一是正話反說、反話正說�？忌�常常可以由此入��，難題就迎刃而解。

    39. [答案] [D] try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on the corporation.

    [注釋] 推理判斷題。本題問：作者暗示少數(shù)民族擁有的公司在與大公司做生意時應(yīng)當怎樣做？最后一段寫道：“第三，能與大公司客戶做生意的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)常常會冒一種風(fēng)險——成為并繼續(xù)成為大公司的附庸”。可見，作者暗示，小公司應(yīng)擴大客戶來源，以避免依賴大公司。故應(yīng)選[D].

    40. [答案] [A] a business magazine.

    [注釋] 總結(jié)推斷題。本題問：根據(jù)這篇文章的構(gòu)思，本文可能刊登在什么地方？從全文而論，本文闡述了70年代政府規(guī)定的契約令給少數(shù)民族企業(yè)帶來的利弊。本文不可能選自一本會計教科書，也不可能摘自財經(jīng)術(shù)語詞典（因為本文并未對財經(jīng)術(shù)語注釋），更不可能刊登在商業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)字年鑒上（因為其中沒有列舉各種商業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)字）。可見，正確答案非[A]莫屬。

    小結(jié)

    1） 按大綱規(guī)定，閱讀部分4篇文章總字數(shù)為1600左右。本卷閱讀試題總字數(shù)為1721，后兩篇難度較大，完全符合2011年試題的命題趨勢。

    2） 從本卷4篇文章的題材來看，第1篇關(guān)于文化，第2篇關(guān)于英國工會及其權(quán)力，第3篇關(guān)于文學(xué)批評，第4篇關(guān)于美國少數(shù)民族企業(yè)�？梢姡�其題材與歷屆考題的題材基本一致。

    3） 從本卷4篇文章的題目類型來看，有細節(jié)理解題、細節(jié)辨認題、詞匯釋義題、總結(jié)歸納題、推理判斷題、邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題和全文主旨題。與2010年試題類型相一致。

    4） “閱讀理解”解題時間通常為60—65分鐘。考生應(yīng)根據(jù)實際情況調(diào)整好解題時間。要牢記先易后難！

    5） 解題方法：先瀏覽第1段，盡可能找到全文主題信息詞。然后掃描 第1題，劃出題干中的信息詞，到相應(yīng)段落中尋找相關(guān)的信息詞，劃出信息詞、搜索目標信息，比對4個選項，排除干擾項，確定正確答案。其他4題以此類推。如題目順序與段落順序不一致，要以變應(yīng)變、機動靈活。

    Part B

    本文論述人類生活節(jié)奏的加快深刻地影響了社會上不同群體的人，從而產(chǎn)生所謂“過去的人”、“現(xiàn)在的人”和“將來的人”。

    本文共7段，其中兩段在文章中的位置已經(jīng)給出，分別是篇首和篇尾。

    41. [答案] [C]

    [注釋] 第1段[G]告訴我們：“普通老百姓常常在評論生活節(jié)奏。然而，奇怪的是，生活節(jié)奏幾乎并沒有受到心理學(xué)家或社會學(xué)家的注意。這是行為科學(xué)中引起分裂的弊病，因為生活節(jié)奏深刻地影響著行為，從而引發(fā)了來自不同人的強烈的、不同的反應(yīng)。” [C]選項符合第1段思路的自然延續(xù)。因為它寫道：“實際上，我們可以毫不過分地說，生活節(jié)奏在人類中劃了一條分界線，把我們分成不同的陣營，引發(fā)了父子之間、美國主要廣告公司的做法和小城鎮(zhèn)實利主義社會之間、男子與女子之間、美國人與歐洲人之間、東西方之間令人傷心的誤解。”可見，兩段之間的邏輯聯(lián)系是遞進關(guān)系，即第2段進一步說明生活節(jié)奏產(chǎn)生的影響。

    42. [答案] [E]

    [注釋] [E]段繼續(xù)論述地球上的居住者不僅由種族、國家、宗教或思想來劃分，而且在某種意義上由某時段所處的地位來劃分。接著談到地球上仍有一小部分人以狩獵和覓食為生；而其他大部分人則靠農(nóng)業(yè)而生。這兩部分人總計約占人口的70%.他們是過去的人。

    43. [答案] [A]

    [注釋] 接著通過“By contrast（對照之下）”引出了另外25%的人，他們生活在工業(yè)化的社會里，過著現(xiàn)代生活。他們實際上是現(xiàn)代的人。故應(yīng)選[A].第3段與第4段是對比兩代人。考生解題時要注意關(guān)鍵信息詞的連結(jié)：70 percent—the people of the past—By contrast—25 percent—the people of the present.

    44. [答案] [B]

    [注釋] [B] 段一開頭就講到剩下的2%或3%的地球人口，他們是將來的人。他們是未來全世界的超級工業(yè)社會的最早公民并正在為自己的降臨而奮斗�？梢奫B]段與上文在邏輯上是連貫的、一致的。

    45. [答案] [D]

    [注釋] [D] 段講到將來的人與現(xiàn)在的人和過去的人之間的區(qū)別所在�？梢钥隙ǎ瑢�來的人比人類大多��(shù)人更富裕、受教育程度更高、流動性更大，而且活得更長。通過“But”從另一個側(cè)面來描繪將來的人：他們已經(jīng)被困在新的、節(jié)奏更快的生活中。他們比他們周圍的人“生活得更快”。

    最后一段[F]寫道：“有些人特別喜歡這種高度加速的生活節(jié)奏，不愿阻礙這種生活節(jié)奏的來臨，當節(jié)奏減慢時，他們就感到焦慮、緊張或不舒服。他們拼命地要到‘有活力的地方去��。”以上是本段的論點；接著通過for example提供了論據(jù)，即Wilson認為，喜歡快速生活節(jié)奏是廣泛宣傳的“人才外流”的潛在驅(qū)動力之一。所謂“人才外流”就是歐洲的科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員大批流向美國和加拿大。下文中的He指代前面的Wilson.

    小結(jié)

    1. 選擇搭配題的考點是：

    1） 語段結(jié)構(gòu)：段首句、擴展句和結(jié)論句之間在邏輯上的一致性。

    2） 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)：起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。段落與段落之間語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性。

    3） 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：語段內(nèi)論點與論據(jù)的邏輯一致性。小標題與段落內(nèi)容在邏輯上的一致性。

    2. 選擇搭配題的解題思路是：

    1） 第一種題型：瀏覽全文、把握主題，分段解題、關(guān)鍵信息詞連結(jié)，針對題目、各個突破。

    2） 第二種題型：吃透第一段，注意段落結(jié)尾句和段首句的承上啟下功能，狠抓段落與段落之間聯(lián)系的形態(tài)標志（信息詞）和邏輯銜接，先慢后快。

    3） 第三種題型：把握語段內(nèi)論點與論據(jù)的一致性。

    4） 第四種題型：瀏覽段落，把握小標題與段落在內(nèi)容上的一致性。

    3. 解題時間：20分鐘左右。

    Part C

    46. [答案]

    如今的科學(xué)技術(shù)中一種新的現(xiàn)象是，科學(xué)研究越來越朝著“有指導(dǎo)的”或“有計劃的”趨勢發(fā)展，也就是說，這種研究的范圍和目標是由私人或政府機構(gòu)，而不是由研究人員自己事先確定的。

    [注釋] “名詞 + 同位語 + 定語從句”是英語中常見的句式。

    47. [答案]

    然而，科學(xué)家雖然常常在設(shè)備不足、不盡如人意的實驗室工作，可是卻能自由地選擇他所喜歡的研究課題，因為不存在科學(xué)家必須服從的事先決定了的研究項目。

    [注釋] he liked是定語從句，修飾先行詞subject.to which he had to conform 是定語從句，修飾先行詞program.conform to 意為“服從；遵守”。

    48. [答案]

    隨著本世紀時間的推移，欲待解決的問題與日俱增，其復(fù)雜性日趨深化。這一切在許多情況下使單個科學(xué)家無法處理進行精確而高效研究所需要的大量新資料、新技術(shù)和新設(shè)備。

    [注釋] it 是形式賓語，for sb. to do sth. 是帶邏輯主語的動詞不定式作實際賓語。that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面三個并列的名詞。

    49. [答案]

    由于涉及大筆科研經(jīng)費，因此有必要把這些人力和物力投入到目標明確的具體研究領(lǐng)域。

    50. [答案]

    因此，科學(xué)家不斷從理論科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)移到應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域，因為后者能提供比在大學(xué)做純理論研究工作更多的工作機會，而且通常待遇更優(yōu)厚，技術(shù)設(shè)施更好。

    [注釋] frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than……是后置定語，修飾前面的名詞jobs.

    小結(jié)

    按考試大綱的要求，英譯漢短文總字數(shù)約400字。劃線句子的總字數(shù)為150字左右。英譯漢解題時間一般為30分鐘左右。本文409字，5個劃線句子的總長度略長，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)的難度一般。2010年英譯漢難度適中。編者估計2011年英譯漢試題難度與2010年基本上保持一致。

    Section Ⅲ Writing

    Part A

    51. 投訴信[參考樣文]

    Dear Sirs，

    I am writing to complain about a chemical plant which contaminates the nearby river. Every day the plant drains a surprisingly large amount of waste liquids into it. The water in it has become gray and gives off a strong smell.

    I think the local authorities should adopt several strong measures to deal with the public hazard. Firstly， it is necessary to prohibit the plant from discharging waste water into the river before it is purified. Secondly， a series of environment protection rules need to be laid down. Those who violate them deserve to be fined heavily.

    Hoping the problem will be solved as soon as possible

    Thanks for your attention.

    Sincerely yours，

    Li Ming

    （111words）

    [分析] 書信類應(yīng)用文包括介紹信、推薦信、請求信、求職信、投訴信、建議信、道歉信、勸告信、拒絕信、邀請信等�？佳杏⒄Z書信類應(yīng)用文的格式要求如下：

    1. 稱呼 （Salutation）

    2. 正文 （Body）

    3. 結(jié)尾套話 （Complimentary close）

    4. 簽名 （Signature）

    考研英語書信類應(yīng)用文不要求考生寫信頭、信內(nèi)地址及寫信時間。個人簽名統(tǒng)一用“李明（Li Ming）”這個名字。字數(shù)要求在100字左右。

    Part B

    52. 議論文[參考樣文]

    Money has always been what some people long for. It is true that most of them work hard to acquire wealth. But， as is depicted in the picture， there are also people who dream of making a fortune all day and night. Money has become a mental burden for them， which makes them worried and depressed.

    The picture means a lot to us. There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness， especially in the modern society. Various kinds of up-to-date electric appliances， latest fashions and recreations are coming into being with each passing day. All these miracles make our lives comfortable and colorful. But material comforts do not necessarily mean happiness. Money may tempt （=lure） weak-willed persons to be addicted to harmful habits and result in their own ruin. Moreover， a person may lose his reason and go astray if he only intends to seek wealth and indulges himself in a luxurious life. Obviously， it is crucial that we take a proper attitude toward money.

    In my opinion， on no account should we equate wealth with happiness. The things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought with money， such as a good family life， friendship and work satisfaction. （202 words）

    注：lose his reason and go astray失去理智并誤入歧途。come into being出現(xiàn)。equate……with……把…與…等同起來。

    參考譯文：

    金錢一直是有些人所渴望的對象。確實，大多數(shù)人通過努力工作來獲取財富。但是，正如此圖所示，也有那么一些人整天夢想發(fā)財。金錢已經(jīng)成了他們的精神負擔，使他們焦慮和沮喪。

    這幅畫確實發(fā)人深省。毫無疑問，財富會帶來幸福，尤其在現(xiàn)代社會里。各種現(xiàn)代化的家用電器、 時裝和娛樂項目層出不窮、 日新月異。所有這些奇跡使我們的生活更為舒適、更加豐富多彩。但是，物質(zhì)舒適未必意味著幸福。金錢可以促使意志薄弱者養(yǎng)成惡習(xí)，并導(dǎo)致他們自身的毀滅。此外，如果一個人一心只追求財富并沉溺于奢侈的生活，他就會失去理智、誤入歧途。顯然，我們必須正確對待金錢。

    依我看， 無論如何我們也不能把金錢和幸福等同起來。那些最能使人產(chǎn)生幸福感的東西是不能用金錢買到的，如和睦的家庭生活、友誼和事業(yè)上的滿足感。

    小結(jié)

    Part A是應(yīng)用文，要求寫一封投訴信。Part B是漫畫加提綱作文。命題形式與大綱規(guī)定的命題形式相一致。大作文的命題不僅要求考生簡短描述圖畫，而且要求考生寫出其用意并說明自己的看法�？忌鷳�(yīng)從參考作文中歸納出短文框架（劃線句子）、段落結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型（黑體字），以達到舉一反三、觸類旁通的目的。要通過漢英對照、背誦、改寫、套用，達到活學(xué)活用的目的。短文寫作解題時間A節(jié)應(yīng)用文一般為15分鐘左右，B節(jié)說明性議論文一般為30分鐘左右。

    贈言

    發(fā)揮你的強項，克服你的弱項，揚長避短，無往不勝。