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    第一篇 應(yīng)對(duì)策略

    1.1應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)策

    1.考研寫(xiě)作應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)策Ⅰ：語(yǔ)言

    （1）詞匯

    常用詞：think→argue/maintain/hold/believe/assume，或介詞短語(yǔ)for my part/as for me/to the best of my knowledge/understanding，the way I see It ；

    Important→crucial/vital/essential/imperative/critical/necessary；show→indicate/demlmstrate-reveal-unfold；many→a great number of （可數(shù)）/a tremendous amount of（不可數(shù)）。

    連接詞：例舉多項(xiàng)：for one thing，…for another，…still another，…at last；to begin with…moreover/what is more…last but not least，舉例一項(xiàng)時(shí)：sth.provides us with a good illustration.a case in point，as a proof，as an example，for example，for instance，in particular，such as（不可用在句首）

    （2）句型

    （2008團(tuán)隊(duì)精神19分）it is teanwork that makes it possible for them to go anywhere they want

    To.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句、形式賓語(yǔ)）

    （同上）

    It has been universally acknowledged that the ability of teamwork is the most essential

    Qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess. （形式主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句）

    （2006偶像崇拜19分）some，like the young man in the photo，express their enthusiasm by writing his name on their faces，while others，like the one in the hair studio.spend as much as 300 yuan for a hair style modeling on that of beckham.（連接詞，對(duì)仗結(jié)構(gòu)）

    （2005敬老養(yǎng)老18分）those who tried every means to avoid their duty of looking after their .

    Elders should bear in mind that they are much indebted to their parents for their birth and growth.（定語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句）

    （同上）this picture reveals a not-uncommon phenomenon of how elders are treated by their grow-up children in some of the families in china .（雙重否定表肯定、被動(dòng)表達(dá)）

    （2003溫室花朵17分）the real implication of the anthor is that everyone has to meet difficulties in their life experience，so we have to make adequate preparations for them.（名詞替代動(dòng)詞，系表結(jié)構(gòu)）

    （題目同上12分）this time，the flower can not stand in the heave rain.（不用縮寫(xiě)表示正式）

    （題目同上12分）we can not imagine a society full of adults having the ahility like seven –year-old children.（it is beyond imagination that…）（名詞代替動(dòng)詞，縮寫(xiě)問(wèn)題）

    （題目同上10分）looking at it carefully ，the flower is protected from the rain outside the warm house.（垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)，主被動(dòng)分清）

    （題目同上6分）there are two picture ，one is said that a flower can not be hurt by rain and wind，

    She grows wonderful.（多一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)存在混亂—并列或降級(jí)）

    （2004終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)16分）the market economy and competitive society drives many people to study hard for higher academic degrees.（主謂一致）

    （2002文化交流4分）a beautiful american girl is wearing chinese clothes is smiling to us.（漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，主語(yǔ)從句）

    2、考研寫(xiě)作應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)策Ⅱ：結(jié)構(gòu)

    （1）審題階段

    （2）各段充實(shí)

    3、考研寫(xiě)作應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)策Ⅲ

    （1）有話可說(shuō)

    （2）不離正題

    第二篇 結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué) 內(nèi)容充實(shí)

    2.1 考研寫(xiě)作應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)策Ⅱ：結(jié)構(gòu)——注意邏輯

    2.2 三段分別覆蓋情況：

    首段三種：圖畫(huà)描述、現(xiàn)象描述、寓意象征（可以在第二段）

    中心段三種：原因分析、利弊分析、舉例說(shuō)明

    尾段三種：判斷評(píng)論&問(wèn)題建議、個(gè)人選擇、現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)用

    2.3 詳細(xì)解析

    2.3.1 圖畫(huà)描述

    四句：第一句對(duì)畫(huà)面的簡(jiǎn)單概括，第二三句描寫(xiě)畫(huà)面內(nèi)容，最后一句點(diǎn)明中心，即象征或寓意（這句也可以放在第二段第一句：承上啟下）

    圖畫(huà)描述段的首尾句常用有：

    （1）

    A：一幅圖首句：

    ※This is an interesting and thought-provoking picture.（extraordinary /meaningful）

    ※ As is shown in the picture， （depicted/conveyed/drawn/illustrated）

    ※ The picture shocks us beyond description.（reveals only the tip of an ugly iceberg.用于反面意義圖畫(huà)）

    B：一幅圖尾句

    ※ The meaning conveyed by the picture is clear but profound：揭示中心（drawing/photo）

    ※ It is obvious that…揭示中心

    ※ Obviously… 揭示中心

    （2）

    A：兩幅圖首句

    ※ The two pictures are interesting and thought-provoking.（extraordinary/meaningful）

    ※ As is shown in the first picture. 第一幅圖描述 whereas the second picture depicts…第二幅圖描述（depicted/conveyed/drawn）

    ※ As depicted in the pictures…第一幅圖描述 and 第二幅圖描述

    ※ As we can see from the first picture…第一幅描述，in the second picture，however…第二幅圖描述

    ※ The two pictures reveal a not uncommon phenomenon that…總結(jié)畫(huà)面圖像

    B：兩幅圖尾句

    ※ Comparing the two pictures，we can conclude that…揭示中心

    ※ The meaning conveyed by the pictures is clear but profound：揭示中心（drawing/photo）

    ※ It is obvious that…揭示中心

    ※ Obviously…揭示中心

    ※ It is not difficult to conclude the symbolic meaning of the pictures…揭示中心

    2.3.2 現(xiàn)象簡(jiǎn)介

    四句：第一句是對(duì)相關(guān)現(xiàn)狀的概括介紹，第二三句進(jìn)一步細(xì)節(jié)介紹，最后一句點(diǎn)明主題，可能帶來(lái)的后果。

    現(xiàn)象簡(jiǎn)介段常用首尾句：

    A：首句（開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山說(shuō)現(xiàn)象）

    It is really common that .……介紹現(xiàn)象（有圖說(shuō)圖，沒(méi)圖說(shuō)事）

    It is not uncommon that.……介紹現(xiàn)象（有圖說(shuō)圖，沒(méi)圖說(shuō)事）

    The drawing reflects the common phenomenon of…名詞性現(xiàn)象描述

    Recently，there has been a growing concern among the public over the issue/phenomenon that…介紹現(xiàn)象（有圖說(shuō)圖，沒(méi)圖說(shuō)事）（Today/Nowadays）

    Lately，the discussion of…（現(xiàn)象）has aroused nationwide attention among the public.

    B；尾句

    The meaning conveyed by the phenomenon is clear but profound ：揭示中心…（revealed/implied）

    The profound implication of the phenomenon is that…揭示中心

    Therefore，it is obvious that…揭示中心

    Obviously…揭示中心

    2.3.3 寓意象征

    四句：第一句對(duì)畫(huà)面的簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)，第二三句對(duì)畫(huà)面簡(jiǎn)單描述，第四句得出結(jié)論，揭示主題。

    如果出現(xiàn)在第二段就在第二三句進(jìn)行拓展。

    寓意象征段常用首尾句

    A：首句

    As can be seen form the picture，the drawer tells us that…說(shuō)出畫(huà)面的寓意（cartoon/photo）

    What the picture illustrates is a profound topic in our daily life which often causes our concern…說(shuō)出畫(huà)面的寓意

    It is not a difficult job for us to make clear the meaning of the picture…說(shuō)出寓意

    B；尾句

    Therefore，…說(shuō)出深層寓意（廣泛的）

    The majority of people would agree that…你的結(jié)論。

    2.3.4 原因分析

    四到六句：第一句闡述中心說(shuō)明有多種原因，第二三句列舉原因（并列的原因，注意連接），第四局本段結(jié)論（強(qiáng)調(diào)已列舉的原因及產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果——過(guò)渡作用）。

    原因分析段框架示例：

    There are a variety of reasons for the phenomenon. For one thing…舉一個(gè)原因。For

    Another，…另一個(gè)原因。（as a result，…結(jié)論。）

    Why does this phenomenon appear？I think there are several possible reasons for this.

    First and formost，…舉一個(gè)原因：furthermore，…另一個(gè)原因：last but not least，…最

    后一個(gè)原因。

    其他首句還有：

    I have three reason for my conclusion//predicition/assumption.

    To the best of my knowledge，the following reasons may contribute to this phenomenon.

    As far as I am concerned，several reasons can be identified.

    其他列舉原因還可用：

    The main reson for the phenomenon is that…舉一個(gè)最重要典型的原因：another major reason is due to…另一個(gè)原因（注意用名詞性短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）

    In the first place，…Secondly，…Finally，…

    The first reason is…，and the second one is…

    Not only because…，but also because…

    2.3.5 利弊分析

    一定有利有弊

    六句：第一句總結(jié)說(shuō)有利有弊（一定不要用Every coin has two sides.俗�。�：第二三句��(xiě)優(yōu)勢(shì)以及拓展推導(dǎo)：第四五句寫(xiě)劣勢(shì)以及拓展推導(dǎo)：第六句寫(xiě)利弊相當(dāng)或利大于弊或弊大于利。

    利弊分析段框架示例

    We can easily recognize the both sides of the phenomenon.The advantages can be concluded as follows.To begin with，…第一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)：moreover，…第二個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)：However，there are also

    drawbacks to the phenomenon.For one thing，…第一個(gè)劣勢(shì)：for another，…第二個(gè)劣勢(shì)。

    It is not a difficult job to be aware of the attractions and the shortcomings of the phenomenon.

    On the one hand，…列舉優(yōu)點(diǎn)。On the other hand，…列舉缺點(diǎn)。

    其他可用的過(guò)渡方式：

    For all the advantages mentioned above，…討論主題 is by to no means without any limitations，as listed below.For one thing，…劣勢(shì)一，for another，劣勢(shì)二。

    For my part，I maintain that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

    In spite of the situation of…討論主題，its weaknesses are insignificant compared with its

    Strengths.

    2.3.6 舉例說(shuō)明

    注意切題（油燈）

    六句：第一句說(shuō)明中心與現(xiàn)實(shí)的關(guān)系，即寓意和例子的關(guān)系（過(guò)渡）「中心思想和生活的緊密聯(lián)系」。第二三句一個(gè)例子及其相關(guān)拓展（例子和其后果），第四五句又一個(gè)例子及其相關(guān)擴(kuò)展，第六句給出本段結(jié)論（說(shuō)明已舉例和中心的關(guān)系）「***本段第一句和最后一句要相互呼應(yīng)」

    舉例說(shuō)明段框架示例：

    As an example of 主題，。……說(shuō)出事例。另一事例 also provides us with a good illustration.Obviously，…結(jié)論。

    It is not hard to find proper examples in our daily life .Firstly，……舉例。Besides， ，……再舉一例。Therefore，the phenomenon has been so common that we have to take actions to shift the situation.（最后一句用于尾段是提建議時(shí)）

    When it comes to the phenomenon，……一個(gè)例子must be concemed here.It also comes to me that……另一事例。

    Take …as an example.

    2.3.7判斷評(píng)論

    容易操作，說(shuō)出自己的看法。好的現(xiàn)象要發(fā)揚(yáng)光大，不好的現(xiàn)象給出改進(jìn)建議。

    三句：第一句給出承上啟下的總結(jié)（中心強(qiáng)調(diào)），第二句自己觀點(diǎn)（注意觀點(diǎn)一定要與前面提到的一致，不要再提出任何新的觀點(diǎn)或看法），第三句強(qiáng)調(diào)自己觀點(diǎn)的合理性（only倒裝句的使用）。

    判斷評(píng)論段的首句選擇：

    To the best of my undertanding，it is advisable that we take a rational attitude towards this issue.（positive、dialectical）

    For my part ，I believe that ……說(shuō)自己看法。

    It goes without saying that ……說(shuō)上文結(jié)論。My point of view is that……說(shuō)自己觀點(diǎn)。

    2.3.8問(wèn)題建議

    相關(guān)人士應(yīng)該做的事。

    三句（尾段）：第一句點(diǎn)明存在的問(wèn)題，第二句給出建議及帶來(lái)的好的結(jié)果，第三段給出本段結(jié)論（對(duì)自己的解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)：用only倒裝句顯示其價(jià)值和強(qiáng)調(diào)）。

    問(wèn)題建議段框架示例：

    For my part，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.For one thing，……建議一。For another，……建議二。Only in this way can way……建議實(shí)施后的結(jié)果。

    Indeed，上面提到的結(jié)論。As far as I am concerned，we should work out concrete solution to problem of ……問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)狀。For instance，建議。Only by doing this can way……建議實(shí)施后的結(jié)果。

    In order to …目標(biāo)，there are some suggestions available.In the first place ，…建議一。Moreover …建議一。Only in this way can way……建議實(shí)施后的結(jié)果。

    Accordingly ，it is the high time that we placed great emphasis on this phenomenon.（一定用過(guò)去時(shí)）。

    2.3.9個(gè)人選擇

    三句：第一句點(diǎn)明自己選擇，第二句說(shuō)明選擇原因，第三句聲明其優(yōu)勢(shì)作總結(jié)。

    切忌在觀點(diǎn)上搖晃，如果需要偏向某一觀點(diǎn)就一貫堅(jiān)持本觀點(diǎn)：如果是兩觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比就不要顯示偏向；如果是兩觀點(diǎn)選其一就在選擇后不再動(dòng)搖。

    個(gè)人選擇常用首句：

    In my opinion …自己的選擇is my favor.

    As for me，I prefer…選擇的to…未選的。

    All in all ，I would say that …選擇的get my approval.

    2.3.10現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)用

    通過(guò)寄予希望，號(hào)召做結(jié)尾。

    三句：第一句點(diǎn)明其價(jià)值，第二句列舉其運(yùn)用或現(xiàn)實(shí)中啟示，第三句給出運(yùn)用后的預(yù)期效果（展望、號(hào)召、希望）。

    現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)用常用首句：

    Indeed，there is a widespread concern over …說(shuō)現(xiàn)實(shí)。

    As the public awareness of … 現(xiàn)實(shí) heightens，people will try hard to change the situation.

    Now an increasing number of people come to realize that…說(shuō)實(shí)話。

    常用表示展望的句型：

    Only by doing this a harmonious relationship will not be contrary to our expectations.（用在描述兩者關(guān)系時(shí)）

    We should be confident in our expectation of a bright future in this area.（用在期待某事有所改善時(shí)）

    A better situation is not going to be far from us.

    2.4考研寫(xiě)作最實(shí)用論證方法總結(jié)：

    因果式：圖畫(huà)描述——原因分析——解決建議

    例證式：現(xiàn)象描述——舉例說(shuō)明——判斷評(píng)論

    類(lèi)比式/對(duì)比式：描述——利弊分析——判斷評(píng)論

    第三篇 實(shí)戰(zhàn)寫(xiě)作

    3.1考研寫(xiě)作科學(xué)的寫(xiě)作過(guò)程：

    1.審題

    2.列提綱

    3.開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作

    4.檢查

    第四篇 應(yīng)用文

    滿分策略：

    4.1信函寫(xiě)作：個(gè)人書(shū)信&事務(wù)公函

    語(yǔ)域使用：正式—使用禮貌表達(dá)，不用縮略語(yǔ)（對(duì)公）

    半正式—可以使用縮略和口語(yǔ)表達(dá)（對(duì)私）

    非正式（一般不考）——It depends

    組成部分：稱呼、正文、落款

    4.1.1格式：稱呼、落款、正文

    4.1.2內(nèi)容

    三段（8句）：寫(xiě)作目的段、細(xì)化段、感謝或者期待。

    4.1.3各種信函內(nèi)容安排

    建議信：2007年及2009年P(guān)artA真題及解析：

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：

    Dear…

    自我介紹，贊揚(yáng)在先，仍需改進(jìn)，提出建議。

    建議細(xì)節(jié)

    期望改進(jìn)，表示感謝。

    Yours sincerely

    Li Ming

    與投訴信比較：仍然以提建議為主：無(wú)需贊揚(yáng)，直接表明寫(xiě)信目的—即提建議：最后無(wú)需感謝，只需表示期待改進(jìn)。

    常用句型：

    I am writing with my suggestion about………

    I would like to suggest that…

    I hope you will find these suggestions helpful

    I would like to extend my appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration

    We would like to draw your attention to something you have obviously failed to notice（投訴信）

    I am writing to express my concern|dissatisfaction|disappointment about…（投訴信）

    To improve the situation ，it is advisable for you to take the following measures（投訴信）

    We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind （投訴信）

    致歉信：2008PartA真題及解析

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：

    Dear…

    表明寫(xiě)信目的：道歉

    闡述道歉原因，并提出解決方法。

    再次道歉。

    常用句型：

    I am writing to apologize to you for my failing to …

    Here is my deepest apology for ……

    I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…

    I am writing to you with some embarrassment and many apologies.

    Excuse me for my carelessness in making such a mess

    I am really sorry for the trouble.Would you mind if I …。？

    Would it be convenient for you …？

    To make up for the inconvenience caused，I would like to ……

    Once again ，I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

    申請(qǐng)信：2006年P(guān)artA 真題及解析（申請(qǐng)信&請(qǐng)求信）

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：

    Dear…

    告知信息來(lái)源及寫(xiě)信目的

    突出重點(diǎn)的自我介紹，

    附簡(jiǎn)歷

    表示感謝。

    Yours sincerely ，

    Li Ming

    常用句型：

    I learnt from the newspaper that you are wanting an accountant and I would like to apply for the job

    Sb， suggested me to write to you about the medical physicist position at ABC Med-Instrument Corporation

    Enclosed is my resume to provide additional information about my undergraduate work.

    I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss further how my qualifications meet the needs of your organization.

    Thank you for your time and consideration.

    辭職信：2005年P(guān)artA真題及解析（辭職信）：

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：

    Dear…，

    寫(xiě)信目的表明要辭職。

    給出辭職原因。

    感謝栽培并表示抱歉。

    Yours sincerely，

    Li Ming

    常用句型：

    I am sorry to tell you that I decided to quit the job of being a …職業(yè)。

    I am writing to inform you of my decision： I am going to quit my present job.

    Please accept my apology.

    I have been trying in vain to convince myself that the job is interesting.

    I highly appreciate the invaluable experience and happy days working here.

    Thank you for your patience ， understanding ， and trust.

    詢問(wèn)信：考研英語(yǔ)大綱樣題應(yīng)用文部分（詢問(wèn)信）：

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：

    Dear …，

    自我介紹，表明寫(xiě)信母的是咨詢某事。

    詢問(wèn)細(xì)節(jié)。

    感謝及相關(guān)信息。

    Your sincerely

    Li Ming

    常用句型：

    27.I am writing this letter to inquire about …

    28.I want to/would like to know …

    29.I wonder if …

    30.Would it be possible for you to …？

    31.How should I pay for these books ？—by cash or by other means ？

    32.Finally ， if I order these books now， when can I get them ？ How will these books be delivered to my house？

    33.I should be grateful if you could give me an early reply.

    邀請(qǐng)信：

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

    Dear…，

    發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。

    為何邀請(qǐng)細(xì)節(jié)。

    期望參加。

    Yours sincerely，

    Li Ming

    常用句型：

    We are having a farewell party/a gather together/meeting/seminar in （place） on （date） at （time）。 Would you like to come？（不太正式）

    It is my honor to inform you that there is an academic meeting in （place） on （date） at （time）。（正式）

    We would be too glad to invite you as an expert to our school for the inquiry of studying abroad.

    If you have no other plans for this weekend night， will you do us a favor of going to our party？

    接收邀請(qǐng)與謝絕邀請(qǐng)的表達(dá)法：都要表示感謝。

    Accept the invitation：

    Success is the last persistence at the toughest moment.成功是最艱難時(shí)刻的堅(jiān)持。

    Thank you very much for your invitation.

    It‘s our great pleasure to accept your invitation.

    Nothing would give us greater pleasure than accepting your kind invitation.

    Refuse the invitation：

    Thank you so much for your invitation ， but I have had plans at the time. If you don‘t mind， let’s make an appointment next time when you are available.

    I regret that I can‘t make it because of a sudden illness/full schedule/business trip.

    范文解析：

    Dear Professor Wang，

    It is my honor to inform you that there is a “Culture Festival” held in mu school. Would you like to give us an excellent lecture on Phychology in the auditorium of our campus on sept. 13th at 6：30 P.M.？

    Since phychology has caused more and more concerns among the students， and you are an expert in the area， we all expect your acceptance and your wonderful lecture.

    I very much hope than you will be able to attend and give us a talk in your branch. If you have any question. Please contact me.

    Look forward to hearing your lecture.

    Yours sincerely，

    Li Ming

    感謝信：

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)

    Dear…，

    表示感謝。

    感謝緣由及內(nèi)心感受。

    再次感謝，寄予希望。

    常用句型：

    I sincerely appreciate your kindness and generosity.

    Thank you ever much for the latest information.

    Please accept out sincerest thanks for what you have done for us. （heartfelt gratitude）

    I don‘t know how to thank you for such generous behavior. It is something that I will cherish for a long time to come.

    I am now writing to express my great appreciation for the timely help you offered.

    It was considerate of you to do me a great favor.

    I wish there were a better word than “thanks” to express my appreciation.

    Many thanks again for your generous hospitality.

    Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude to you.

    范文解析：

    Dear Jim，

    I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day， when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.

    If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid， I fear that the Consequences might have been much more serious. Everynoe agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome……

    Although nowdays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish， we see very few people practice what they preach. If there were more people like you， this world would be a much nicer place.

    Yours sincerely，

    Li Ming

    祝賀信：

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

    Dear…。，

    表示祝賀，為之高興。

    祝賀緣由，勞有所獲。

    寄予期望，取得更大成就。

    再次祝賀。

    Yours sincerely，

    Li Ming

    常用句型：

    Congratulations to you no getting the scholarship.

    I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations no your achievement/success/graduation.

    What wonderful news！I know how happy you must be at the news of your promotion/election.

    Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your graduation/getting such a good job.

    I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.

    范文解析：

    Dear Mr.Smith，

    I was very happy to learn that you have been elected President of the Seotland-China Associatioin and Iwould like， on behalf of the Chinese People‘s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and in my own name，to express to you our warmest congratulations.

    I hope that during your tenore of office the relations of friendship and cooperation that already exist between our two organizations will be further developed. Let us join our efforts to make greater contributions to the promotion of mutual understanding and friendship between the people‘s of China and Scotland.

    Yours sincerely，

    Li Ming

    慰問(wèn)信：

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

    Dear…，

    表示同情，

    進(jìn)行安慰，

    鼓勵(lì)其努力，

    在此表示同情，并希望其早日復(fù)原。

    Yours sincerely，

    Li Ming

    常用句型：

    I just can not tell you how sorry I was to learn of your unhappy experience/injury/accident/divorce.

    I felt very sorry indeed when I was informed of your sickness.

    I wish there were something I could say or do to ease your sense of loss/to soften your grief.

    I know there were no words that can be a comfort to you now.

    I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health/get well again.

    Please don‘t hesitate to call on me if there is anything I can do now and always.

    范文解析：

    Dear Li Gang，

    I was really shocked andsaddened to hear of your unhappy experience in the earthquake.

    There is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief， but I would express my deepest sympathy.

    In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me. I hope you like it， and that it will be useful ai your present moment.What‘s more， please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is anything else I can do now and always.

    I do hope you will soon get well again and be able to come back to school. Be assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way I can.

    Yours sincerely，

    Li Ming

    4.2 備忘錄/告示類(lèi)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作（Memorandum/Notice）

    基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

    TO：

    FROM：

    SUBJECT：

    DATE：（month day，year）

    正文

    簽名

    模擬題及范文：

    Directions：

    You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer semester. Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.

    Date： August 10，2005

    To： All students

    From： Li Ming

    4.3 摘要寫(xiě)作（Abstract）

    This article focuses on the …。

    This thesis discuss/analyzes…。

    This paper provides an overview of …

    This paper presents up-to-date information on …

    1、簡(jiǎn)單概括

    2、描寫(xiě)畫(huà)面內(nèi)容，兩句話描寫(xiě)一幅圖。

    3、點(diǎn)明中心：重點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)。

    This is a very interesting and though-provoking picture.1 as is vividly depicted in the picture ，the goal keeper thought he was too small for the gate and was afraid that he could not keep the ball from entering the gate. But what the player， who was ready to shoot， thought about the goal keeper could not help us thinking the truth of the picture it conveys. In his eyes， the goal keeper was so strong that he had almost covered the whole gate. And little did he have the chance to win.2 obviously， the two players looked at the same thing in a different angle.3 （in different angles）

    簡(jiǎn)單概括

    描寫(xiě)畫(huà)面內(nèi)容，每幅圖分開(kāi)描述，并遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。

    點(diǎn)明中心，從不同視角看待同一問(wèn)題。

    2. 現(xiàn)象簡(jiǎn)介

    Today ， advertisements is mounting numbers are appearing on the TV screen . 1 they are not only shown before and after all kinds of programs —— news， weather forecasts and quiz shows， etc. —— but even interrupt dramas and movies ，2 and annoy the viewers.3

    1、概括介紹

    2、細(xì)節(jié)介紹：怎么個(gè)多法兒——是節(jié)目前后和中間都有

    3、帶來(lái)的后果就是激怒觀眾。

    3.寓意象征

    What a vivid and accrate picture it is when describing the meaning of love in the dark. 1 As is shown in the picture ，the love is just like the light in the picture ，which seems insignificant in the sun ，but it certainly shines brighter in the dark.2 in other words ，the darker the place is ，the more precious the light will be.3 love is somewhat the same. It surely means much moer to the man who is in great difficulty than to the one who is in comforts.4

    簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)

    對(duì)畫(huà)面的簡(jiǎn)單描述。（結(jié)合love對(duì)畫(huà)面進(jìn)行分析）

    寓意說(shuō)明，符合題目要求

    結(jié)論：燈光在越微弱的地方越明亮，愛(ài)心在越需要的地方越有價(jià)值

    Species‘extinction in America. Facing the figures， we can only admit that America’s population growth has had undesirable effect on its wildlife and will still pose a formidable threat to its wildlife resources if sufficient care is not given.3

    ※1、總括介紹了圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容（運(yùn)用對(duì)比，強(qiáng)調(diào)后者）

    ※2、特別好的過(guò)渡方式：不是描述勝過(guò)描述

    ※3、結(jié)論：如果不足以重視，結(jié)果不堪設(shè)想

    4、原因分析

    （As far as I am concerned， there are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon.）1 First and foremost， the reasons for this phenomenon are that TV is the most efficient and rapid way of dissemination（傳播）information.2 As China develops its highly competitive market economy， manufacturers and sales people（salespersons）need to inform the general public of the latest commodities that are available.3 Furthermore， TV stations use the money that they earn from showing the advertisements to produce more programs. Last but not least， it is necessary to keep consumers informed of the range of （the）products that they may choose from.（原文的過(guò)渡出現(xiàn)在下一段）

    ※1、闡述中心，或者引導(dǎo)本段。

    ※2、例舉原因

    ※3、對(duì)已經(jīng)提出原因的拓展

    However， the tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease， 1 According to the given figures， the tobacco production in 1994 was 14.364 billion pounds while in 1995 it reduced to 14.2 billion pounds. This is mainly because 2 more and more people have become aware of the harm of smoking to human brings.Many of them resist the addiction to tobacco and advise people around not to smoke. Furthermore， governments of many countries realizing the serious effects of tobacco have taken effective measures to call on people to give up smoking. So I believe a healthy tomorrow of less tobacco will be achieved through efforts of every person.3

    ※1、闡述中心

    ※2、列舉原因，this 作過(guò)渡詞

    ※3、如果減少吸煙人群，可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果（注意命題的積極傾向，展望未來(lái)式很合命題者口味）

    5、利弊分析

    In the country， on the other hand， one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food， and a more relaxed（relaxing）life style. Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country. I and， as for recreation， what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery？ 2 However， there are disadvantages of living in either the city or the country.3 City air tends to be polluted， and the streets are always crowded and noisy. In the country， on the other hand， the lack of stimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated.4

    ※1、列舉鄉(xiāng)村居住的優(yōu)勢(shì)

    ※2、對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)的拓展說(shuō)明

    ※3、過(guò)渡說(shuō)明：劣勢(shì)開(kāi)始

    ※4、列舉無(wú)論城鄉(xiāng)居住皆有劣勢(shì)

    6、舉例說(shuō)明

    It seems reasonable when people laugh at the cartoon， but it would no longer be laughable when people find similar things taking place in our daily life.1 Recently there is a trend of making promises in various fields of our society. From departments of government to common shopping centers， many businesses who supple products of offer services have made various promises to their customers or service receivers.2 They assert their products to be of good quality or promise to offer excellent service.3 As a matter of fact， many of these businesses claim in the same way that（比較）the hen in the above cartoon promises to lay eggs.4

    ※1、過(guò)渡：第一段說(shuō)到可笑，下面就談不可笑——連接

    ※2、例子：商場(chǎng)、政府的承諾行為

    ※3、拓展：深化承諾行為的細(xì)節(jié)

    ※4、結(jié)論：同母雞下蛋的承諾一樣虛無(wú)沒(méi)有價(jià)值

    ※表示性質(zhì)，代替adj.=of +n.（小作文高分必殺）

    e.g. helpful=of any help assistant=of any assistance good=of any good harmful=of any harm

    The following examples will support this point.1 In schools， a unit-exam not only declares the end of the former unit， but also acts as a reminder of the preview work for the next unit. In the business field， what a CEO needs to do at the end of a year is more than review and summarize （review and summarizing）。 It is the time to formulate and effective and efficient development plan for next year.2 Just turn back to the sports ground.（句號(hào)結(jié)束）although in front of the end there isn‘t a real start——arrowhead， there surely exists an invisible one sprouting（appearing）in every athlete’s mind， blooming（being）the training strategy of the preparation for next competition.3

    ※1、承上啟下

    ※2、舉例論證

    ※3、舉例的同時(shí)說(shuō)明結(jié)論：終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)，正是這種心態(tài)成為下次比賽成功的技巧或策略。

    7、判斷評(píng)論

    It is clear that promise is what you claim you can do or you will do， not what you really are or you are expected to be.1 Generally speaking， it is good and sometimes necessary to make commitment to people， but promising what you must or should do can be considered a kind of cheating.2 What the cartoon really aims at is not the funny picture itself but to criticize this popular phenomenon existing in our society.3

    ※1、既點(diǎn)名了本段主題：談承諾，又是一個(gè)定義，起承上啟下作用。

    ※2、自己的建議。

    ※3、再次強(qiáng)調(diào)“承諾”這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。

    8、問(wèn)題建議

    Child education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by educational experts， but also by people in all walks（職業(yè)、行業(yè)） of life.1 The failure of child education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to the children themselves. Thus， it‘s high time that parents， educators and the government made concerted（共同努力的，同心協(xié)力的，conert得來(lái)）efforts to put an end to this situation.2（家長(zhǎng)，老師和政府應(yīng)該怎么做）

    ※1、引出本段主題，兒童教育的現(xiàn)狀，用婉轉(zhuǎn)的方式表達(dá)。

    ※2、本段結(jié)論：三方行動(dòng)

    In our life， what we need most is self-insurance and a proper view of challenges before us. 1 Therefore， we should bear in mind that our competitors may not be as terrible（frightening）as expected， and our painstaking efforts will pay off as long as we arm ourselves with courage and confidence.2 Only in this way can we overcome any difficulties and challenges.3

    ※1、從自己角度提出意見(jiàn)

    ※2、具體行動(dòng)的方法

    ※3、only 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，以及建議的價(jià)值。

    9、個(gè)人選擇

    All in all， I would say that living in the city is best（better），1 for the convenience the city offers in terms of education and work（job opportunities）；2 after all， one can always spend vacations in the country——and get the best of both.3

    ※1、選擇結(jié)果

    ※2、選擇原因

    ※3、總結(jié)

    As for me， I have always led a regular life.1 By everyday exercises， I build up a strong body，2 and by reading intensively I learn to acquire a proper attitude toward life.3

    ※1、個(gè)人選擇或?qū)嵺`

    ※2、選擇帶來(lái)的好的后果

    ※3、拓展

    10、現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)用

    As we all know， children are the future of our country， Their healthy growth has therefore become a serious concern among many people.1 It should be made clear that too much care is not love. The real love and care for them are to prepare them for the future. When faced with difficulties， they can summon up the courage and exert their strength to overcome the difficulties. When faced with fierce competition， they can employ their knowledge， skills and experience to confront with their rival.2 This is the younger generation we can expect.3

    ※1、價(jià)值體現(xiàn)：孩子關(guān)乎祖國(guó)的未來(lái)。

    ※2、啟示：重要的原因

    ※3、寄予希望

    2007年范文寫(xiě)作

    首段：圖畫(huà)描述：

    This is a series of interesting and thought-provoking pictures. A goalkeeper， who is trying hard to keep the ball from the goal， sees himself as a dwarf. What‘s funnier is that the football-player， preparing to kick the ball， regards the goalkeeper as huge as the goal. The meaning conveyed by the picture is clear but profound. Both of them lack courage and confidence in front of challenges.

    中間段：寓意象征+舉例說(shuō)明

    The majority of people would agree that everyone may feel challenged when a powerful rival appears in his/her mind. What divides them into successes and losers is their attitude towards confidence.（We can easily find the equivalent of the topic discussed here in our surroundings.）We， undergraduates girding ourselves for the NETEM（the Examination for postgraduate candidates），provide a good illustration. Some of us feel depressed when thinking that they are not able to prepare well， so they even give up the chance of participating in the examination. In fact， the exam is not as difficult as they suppose， and a little more courage and confidence will motivate them to achieve the final successs.

    尾段：建議+展望

    Accordingly， it is the time that we placed great emphasis on building up our confidence. What we should bear in mind is that no one can overcome difficulties without confidence.（In other words， We should be honest about the challenges we face.） only in this wa we can se a right goal. challenge it ，and achieve it.

    Tips：

    1.穩(wěn)重下體的部分是精彩的語(yǔ)言，即文章的高分點(diǎn)，希望同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)。

    2.文中有下劃線的部分是范文的錯(cuò)誤，希望大家思考，然后改正，避免自己在寫(xiě)作時(shí)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。

    3.再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，希望大家不要背范文，學(xué)習(xí)精彩的句式表達(dá)，背會(huì)，通過(guò)多練習(xí)掌握這些句型。

    小作文范文及解析

    2007年P(guān)art A 真題及解析（投訴信&建議信）：

    Directions：

    Write a letter to your university library ，making suggestions for improveing its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

    Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter. Ues “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

    To Whom It May Concern，

    I am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend ma spare time. Generally speaking ，the services you offer here are quite good； however ，I have some suggestions for you to adopt. And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.

    To begin with ，will you please prolong the time for reading？ In the daytime， most of the students are having classes， so they can‘t come to the library. Moreover ，some of the books on shelves are out of date. If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines ，we will be very pleased.

    I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration.

    Yours sincerely，

    Li Ming

    2008 Part A 真題及解析（致歉信）：

    Directions：

    You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob ，your landlord there. Write him a letter to

    make an apology， and

    suggest a solution.

    You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

    Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter. Ues “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

    解析

    Dear Bob，

    I am writing to express my apology to you.

    Several days ago，I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately，after I came back from Canada，I found it in my luggage. Was in such an hurry that I forgot to return it to you .I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible. If necessary，I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.

    Once again，I feel so sorry for any inconvenrence caused. Please accept my apologies.

    Sincerely yours，

    Li Ming

    2006年P(guān)art A真題及解析（申請(qǐng)信&請(qǐng)求信）

    Directions：

    You want to contribute to project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned， asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.

    Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.

    Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter， use“Li Ming”instead.

    Do not write the address.（10points）

    解析：

    To Whom It May Concern，

    I am writing this letter to you to ask if there is a child in need of financial sponsorship through the Hope Foundation.

    I am willing to give financial aid to those children who have not had a chance to receive education in poverty-stricken area. I would like to help two kinds of children：first，those who do not have a stable source which can cover their education fees，and second，those whose academic performance in school is excellent. I have decided to commit myself to save the necessary

    financial aid required to accomplish my goal. I would also like to be kept informed as to the academic progress of each student every term.

    I have not doubt（There is not doubt）that I meet the criteria required for a sponsor and look forward to hearing from you.

    Thank you for your consideration.

    Yours sincerely

    Li Ming

    推薦信：

    Dear，

    寫(xiě)作意圖：簡(jiǎn)單介紹，自己與被推薦人關(guān)系，推薦他做什么。

    推薦原因：被推薦人的相關(guān)工作經(jīng)歷或個(gè)性特點(diǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)突出與寫(xiě)信人的相關(guān)性。

    感謝與期待。

    Yours sincerely

    Li Ming

    解析：

    Dear Sir，

    It is with a great pleasure that I recommend to you Mr. Li Lei， an outstanding accountant， for working in your firm.

    Mr. Li graduated from China Financial University in 1991， majoring in accountancy， After graduation，he came to our firm to be an accountant. In 1996 he obtained the certificate of a certified accountant ，and in 2001 he was promoted to the one of the chief accountants of our firm because of his excellent work.

    In association with me，mr. li impressed me that he was a friendly and pleasant gentleman，devoted to his firm and profession .it is surely a huge loss for our firm that he has to leave us for some personal reasons.

    I recommend mr. li without reservation and believe you will find him a real treasure very soon……

    Yours sincerely，

    Li ming

    2005年part a 真題及解析（辭職信）：

    Directions：

    Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine design and fashion .but now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss， mr. wang，

    Telling him your decision ，stating your reason（s），and making an apology.

    Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Wrte it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter； use “li ming”instead. You do not need to write the adress.

    解析：

    Dear mr.wang，

    I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editior for you are your magazine for the reason of myself.

    Two months ago， I was accepted by the design and fashions，as a member of it . I was deeply impressed by the kindness，diligence of all staff members around me. But during the span of working here， I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more pesceful life ，such as a teacher. And you know that I am not an outgoing girl. I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not reslly like.

    So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit.please accept my apology.

    Yours sincerely，

    Li ming

    2009年考研英語(yǔ)大綱樣題應(yīng)用文部分（詢問(wèn)信）

    Directions：

    You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to

    the sales department of bookstore to ask for：

    detailed information about the books you want，

    methods of payment，

    time and way of delivery.

    You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end

    Of the letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.

    解析：

    Dear Sir/Madam，

    As a student preparing for TOEFL in the coming May，I am writing to ask if you have

    Appoches to TOEFL complied by professor Wamg Sming and published by University College

    Press in 2006（注意次序）

    If you have the book for sale，I‘d like to mail order it.Pleasel let me know if I can pay for it.by money order or do you accept the credit card？

    I‘d appreciate it if you could send me the book at your earliest convenience by EMS to the following address：

    Li Ming

    Room 158， student dormitory no.8

    West campus， Beijing university

    Beijing ，100081

    Sincerely yours

    Li Ming

    第五篇 補(bǔ)充部分

    應(yīng)用文— 摘要參考

    To begin with， the purpose of the writer is to show us that （中心詞一）is of grate significance， yet the though-provoking implications conveyed should be taken more carefully. Some driving factors that contribute to the above-mentioned issue may be summarized as follows. Above all， we may look into every possible reason except the leading cause， which is（分論點(diǎn)一）。In addition， as far as the author is concerned，（分論點(diǎn)二）is of utmost importance to both our society and ourselves. To sum up， by analyzing these factors illustrated in the essay， we may draw the conclusion that importance should be attached to （中心詞二）

    看圖說(shuō)話作文

    第一段

    第二段

    （一）社會(huì)問(wèn)題、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象=養(yǎng)老、追星、過(guò)度捕撈、母雞

    What the author illustrates in the cartoon reflects a hot topic which caused our concern： the problem of draws more and more attention from many quarters.

    Naturally， it is not a coincidence. Several factors could account for it and the following are the most critical ones：

    ① 經(jīng)濟(jì)原因Any behavior has profound economic motivation and the same goes with n./n短語(yǔ)

    ② 公共意識(shí)The public fail to see the consequence of the problem conveyed by the picture above and let it go without taking any action.

    ③ 法律法規(guī)The relevant authorities fail to see the consequence of and did not make related laws and regulations in time to control it.

    ④ 家庭教育Not every parents is qualified for bringing up children successfully ，and thus their children

    No other case can better illustrate this point（the severity of this problem） than the phenomenon describes in the above picture（s）。

    （二）關(guān)于人生的抽象（信心、團(tuán)結(jié)、不斷進(jìn)取、愛(ài)心） 有之如何，沒(méi)有又如何

    What the author illustrates in the cartoon reflects a hot topic which caused our concern： it is that play a vital role in ones entire life. Naturally， anyone who is in possession of is likely to overcome the obstacles which are inevitable if ones are proceeding forward and achieve successive successes. However， there are a great number of people lacking in . For them， it is tough to crack the hard nuts and deal with the challenges . And any minor barrier tend to be a factor that leads to their final failure . The above picture is a vivid reflection of what I have discussed.

    （三）關(guān)于社會(huì)中具體事物利弊分析（網(wǎng)絡(luò)、汽車(chē)）

    What the author illustrates in the cartoon reflects a hot topic which caused our concern：the wide presence of has caused mixed result . It is not a difficult job to realize its advantages and disadvantages. However， in my opinion， its attractions outweigh its shortcomings ， though no one can deny its disadvantages. To begin with， …… Furthermore， …… The phenomenon described in the above picture vividly reflects what we have discussed .

    第三段

    （一）It is urgent for us to take measures to minimize and even eliminate its disadvantages. The current state of affairs may have been encouraged——though not justified——by the lack of legal penalty. It is a promising start to take legislative initiative make the behavior of… illegal .

    （二）According to the analysis above， it is urgent for us to take measures to maximize its advantages and minimize its disadvantages. Of the steps that we can take， to make the public realize its complex is of most importance， for， consciousness is the precondition of action. Only after being conscious， can we take concrete measures to make our aim come true.

    祝同學(xué)們考試成功！