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    2000年54題：The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.

    ［A］turning of the business cycle

    ［B］restructuring of industry

    ［C］improved business management

    ［D］success in education

    ［正確答案］A

    “作者似乎認(rèn)為90年代美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)興可以歸功于經(jīng)濟(jì)周期的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)。”圈點(diǎn)原文“Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.”“幾乎沒有哪個(gè)美國人將這一增長只看做是美元貶值或經(jīng)濟(jì)周期的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)等明顯的原因造成的。”文章字面意思是否定的，作者的言下之意是這一增長就是由經(jīng)濟(jì)周期的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)等原因造成的，命題者以此作為考點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)肯定的選項(xiàng)，如果考生無法掌握這一命題方式，就容易掉入陷阱。

    2000年57題：The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.

    ［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing

    ［正確答案］A

    “作者認(rèn)為我們的身體停止了進(jìn)化是因?yàn)槲覀兊纳�活已�?jīng)被技術(shù)進(jìn)步改進(jìn)。”圈點(diǎn)原文：But in the past 100，000 years-even the past 100 years-our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve， because machines and society did it for us.“但是在過去的10萬年間——甚至是在過去的100年間——我們的生活改變了，但我們的身體沒有改變，我們沒有進(jìn)化，是因?yàn)闄C(jī)器和社會(huì)在替我們進(jìn)化。”

    2000年65題：Which of the following is true according to the author？

    ［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.

    ［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.

    ［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.

    ［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.

    ［正確答案］C

    圈點(diǎn)原文：While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics， Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self_expression.“Those things that do not show up in the test scores-personality， ability， courage or humanity-are completely ignored，”says Toshiki Kaifu， chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee.“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”此題問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，A項(xiàng)講日本教育受贊揚(yáng)的是它可以幫助年輕人在社會(huì)上往上爬，與文中內(nèi)容不符，文中是說日本教育因其對(duì)基礎(chǔ)的重視而受到表揚(yáng)。而B選項(xiàng)中的“as well as creativity”與文中所說的“over creativity……”不符，也不能選。D項(xiàng)的邏輯恰好與原文相反，作者在評(píng)論日本教育時(shí)批評(píng)其“完全忽略了考試成績中無法表現(xiàn)的個(gè)性、能力、勇氣和人性”，作者用否定的方式表達(dá)出自己的意見。C選項(xiàng)所說的是應(yīng)“更多地強(qiáng)調(diào)培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性”，所以答案為C選項(xiàng)。

    2000年70題：From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.

    ［A］secretly and vigorously

    ［B］openly and enthusiastically

    ［C］easily and momentarily

    ［D］verbally and spiritually

    ［正確答案］B

    從最后一段可得出結(jié)論：野心應(yīng)當(dāng)保持公開的、積極的狀態(tài)。

    圈點(diǎn)原文：The attacks on ambition are many and come fromvarious angles； its public defenders are few and unimpressive，swheresthey are not extremely unattractive. As a result，the support for ambition as a healthy impulse，a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young， is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end， that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings， but only that no longer openly honored， and it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this，of course，some of which are that ambition is driven underground，or made sly.Such，then，is the way things stand： on the left angry critics，on the right stupid supporters，and in the middle，as usual，the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.

    “這并不意味著野心已經(jīng)不存在了，或人們感覺不到它的涌動(dòng)和激勵(lì)了，只是因?yàn)槿藗儾辉俟�開贊美它了，它因此也就得不到公開的表述了。”支持公開承認(rèn)做人要有雄心壯志，因?yàn)樵谏衔闹凶髡咭呀?jīng)指出，野心應(yīng)當(dāng)“作為一種促進(jìn)因素，作為一種應(yīng)該受到稱贊，應(yīng)該銘記在年輕人心中的品質(zhì)”，正是由于野心不再公開受到尊敬和贊美，也就越來越得不到公開的承認(rèn)，而B選項(xiàng)恰好從肯定的角度表述了作者的態(tài)度，是正確答案。

    第三種常用的命題方式“正話反說”，是指文中用肯定方式表述，而選項(xiàng)用否定方式表述，兩者意義相吻合。這一命題方式在近年的試卷中也可找到例證。

    1999年第68題：The author asserts that scientists.

    ［A］shouldn't replace“scientific method”with imaginative thought

    ［B］shouldn't neglect to speculate on unpredictable things

    ［C］should write more concise reports for technical journals

    ［D］should be confident about their research findings

    ［正確答案］B

    “作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)家不應(yīng)忽略對(duì)不可預(yù)見的事物進(jìn)行觀察。”

    圈點(diǎn)原文：How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling upsintosthe tree？ Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don't have unpredictable things， you don't have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals， but history is filled with examples of it.“不可預(yù)見性是研究本質(zhì)的一部分，如果沒有不可預(yù)見的事物就沒有研究可言，科學(xué)家們?cè)跒閷�業(yè)雜志寫那些干巴巴的報(bào)告時(shí)趨向于忘記這一點(diǎn)，但歷史上到處都是這種例子。”原文采用肯定的表達(dá)方式，說科學(xué)家常常忽略那些不可預(yù)見的東西，上文中提到不可預(yù)見性是研究本質(zhì)的一部分，很自然就可以推出結(jié)論：科學(xué)家應(yīng)重視不可預(yù)見的東西。

    1999年第70題：The author implies that the results of scientific research.

    ［A］may not be as profitable as they are expected

    ［B］can be measured in dollars and cents

    ［C］rely on conformity to a standard pattern

    ［D］are mostly underestimated by management

    ［正確答案］A

    “作者以為科學(xué)研究的成果可能不會(huì)像他們預(yù)計(jì)的那樣有利可圖。”

    圈點(diǎn)原文：What this amounts to， of course， is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself， but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate， then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactlyswheresthey are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor， if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect， is management to be blamed for discriminating against the“odd balls”among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who“work well with the team.”

    “如果實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)芟窨茖W(xué)雜志上發(fā)表的論文所顯示的那樣按計(jì)劃設(shè)定并完成，那么管理者期望研究產(chǎn)生出能以美元和美分衡量的結(jié)果就是很符合邏輯的了。”原文中的“If”一詞表明作者陳述的只是一個(gè)假設(shè)，這一假設(shè)可能不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)，因此原文是在暗示科學(xué)研究的結(jié)果并不像所預(yù)見的那樣有效益，而選項(xiàng)A所表達(dá)的意思正好與之吻合。