Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo’s 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.
        Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics - but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti－science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon－Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
        Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis)information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.
        Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
        A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
        Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
        The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
        Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ´anti-science´ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened. ”
譯文
科學(xué)與文化的其他方面的關(guān)系一直都很不穩(wěn)定。想想看，17世紀(jì)伽利略由于他叛逆性的信仰而遭受到天主教會(huì)的審判，詩人威廉·布萊克對(duì)艾薩克·牛頓的機(jī)械論世界觀進(jìn)行尖銳地批判。本世紀(jì)，科學(xué)與人文之間的分裂加劇了。
　　直到前不久，科學(xué)界有著如此之強(qiáng)大的權(quán)威以致可以對(duì)其批評(píng)者不予理會(huì)——但是現(xiàn)在不是這樣的情況了。由于科研經(jīng)費(fèi)減少，所以科學(xué)家出了幾本書對(duì) “反科學(xué)”勢力進(jìn)行批評(píng)，其中值得注意的有弗吉尼亞大學(xué)生物學(xué)家保羅·R·格羅斯和拉特格斯大學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)家諾曼·萊維特合著的《高級(jí)迷信》及康奈爾大學(xué)的卡爾·薩根著的《鬼怪世界》。
科學(xué)的捍衛(wèi)者們也在一些會(huì)議上表示了他們的擔(dān)憂。比如，1995年在紐約市召開的“遠(yuǎn)離科學(xué)和理性”會(huì)議，以及去年6月在布法羅市召開的“信息（迷信）時(shí)代的科學(xué)”會(huì)議。
　　顯然，對(duì)于不同的人反科學(xué)有著不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特主要對(duì)質(zhì)疑科學(xué)客觀性的社會(huì)學(xué)家、哲學(xué)家和其他學(xué)者進(jìn)行批評(píng)。薩根則更關(guān)注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物論和其他與科學(xué)世界觀不同的人。
　　1996年的一項(xiàng)新聞?wù){(diào)查報(bào)道表明，反科學(xué)的標(biāo)簽也貼在了許多其他的群體上，例如從提倡消滅所有現(xiàn)存的天花病毒的官員到支持削減基礎(chǔ)研究基金的共和黨人大都有著反科學(xué)的傾向。
　　如果把這一詞用在仇視現(xiàn)代文明的恐怖主義者身上，也不會(huì)引起太多的爭議，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)��?995年公開發(fā)表過對(duì)科學(xué)的蔑視并且渴望回到前技術(shù)時(shí)代理想社會(huì)的聲明。但是并不意味著那些對(duì)毫無控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示憂慮的環(huán)境主義者也是反科學(xué)的，正如去年5月份一篇刊登在《美國新聞和世界報(bào)導(dǎo)》的文章似乎暗示過這樣的例子。
　　環(huán)境主義者毫無疑問要對(duì)此類的批評(píng)做出回應(yīng)。斯坦福大學(xué)的保羅·埃利希是環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)者，他認(rèn)為，科學(xué)的真正的敵人是那些對(duì)工業(yè)增長帶來的全球變暖、臭氧層稀薄及其他后果的證據(jù)提出質(zhì)疑的人。
　　確實(shí)，一些觀察者擔(dān)心反科學(xué)這個(gè)詞正處于消失的邊際。哈佛大學(xué)的哲學(xué)家杰拉爾德·霍爾頓在1993年的著作《科學(xué)和反科學(xué)》的一書中寫道“‘反科學(xué)’這個(gè)詞可以包含很多迥然不同的東西，他們只有一點(diǎn)是相同的，就是會(huì)激怒或威脅那些自以為比別人更有見識(shí)的人。”
詞匯
antic  n. 滑稽動(dòng)a. 古怪的
例句：Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那種愚蠢的滑稽動(dòng)作。
advocate n. 提倡者, 擁護(hù)者vt. 主張, 提倡
例子：He will be his own best advocate. 他自己就是最好的辯護(hù)人。
詞組：an advocate of peace擁護(hù)或提倡和平的人
同義詞：defend support
反義詞：impugn
critic  n. 批評(píng)家, 評(píng)論家, 吹毛求疵者
例句：Critics劇評(píng)家們把那個(gè)劇本簡直批評(píng)得體無完膚。 really slapped the play around.
詞組：film critic電影評(píng)論sports critic體育評(píng)論家armchair critic 閉門造車的批評(píng)家, 不做調(diào)查研究的批評(píng)家; 不負(fù)責(zé)任的批評(píng)家
consequence  n. 結(jié)果, 重要性
派生：consequent a. 隨之發(fā)生的 consequently ad. 因而，所以
例句：In consequence of his bad work, I was forced to dismiss him. 由于他工作表現(xiàn)不好,我只好把他辭退。
詞組：answer for the consequences 對(duì)后果負(fù)責(zé)as a consequence 因而， 結(jié)果face the consequences of one's action 自食其果in consequence 因此， 結(jié)果in consequence of…… 的結(jié)果， 因?yàn)?hellip;…的緣故， 由于of consequence 有勢力的； 重要的take the consequences 自食其果， 承擔(dān)責(zé)任take upon oneself the consequences 自己承擔(dān)后果without negative consequence 沒有副作用without reflecting on the consequences 不顧后果
反義詞：cause
deepen  vi. 深化vt. 使加深, 使強(qiáng)烈
例句：We'll have to deepen the well if we want more water. 想獲得更多的水，我們必須把井加深。
詞組：deepen a trench使壕溝加深
dispute  n. 爭論vt. 爭論vi. 爭論
派生：disputable a. 可爭議的；可疑的 disputation n. disputatious a. 愛爭論的
例句：A judge may direct a defendent to admit matters not really in dispute. 法官可以指示被告承認(rèn)基本沒有爭議的事情。
詞組：beyond dispute 無爭論余地; 的確, 無疑past dispute 無爭論余地; 的確, 無疑without dispute 無爭論余地; 的確, 無疑out of dispute 無爭論余地; 的確, 無疑in dispute 在爭論中; 尚未解決under dispute 在爭論中; 尚未解決settle a dispute with sb. 同某人解決爭端settle disputes between 調(diào)解……之間的爭端dispute with sb. about 與某人爭論某事dispute with sb. on 與某人爭論某事
同義詞：argue bicker contest debate fight oppose quarrel resist
反義詞：agree
depletion  n. 消耗, 耗盡, 放血
例句：We must seek immediate solutions for problems leading to the rapid depletion of the earth's ozone layer. 我們必須尋求立即解決引起地球臭氧層快速損耗的問題的辦法。
elimination  n. 除去, 消除, 消滅
派生：eliminate vt. 消滅，消除
例句：Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise. 他們?cè)诒荣愔性獾教蕴�是個(gè)很大的意外。
epithet  n. 渾名, 綽號(hào), 稱號(hào)
例句：A name, especially a descriptive nickname or epithet acquired through usage over a period of time. 綽號(hào)名，尤指一描述性的綽號(hào)或因一段時(shí)間的習(xí)慣而得的諢名。
enlightened a. 有知識(shí)的, 進(jìn)步的, 文明的
例句：An enlightened government should permit the free expression of political opinion. 一個(gè)開明的政府應(yīng)當(dāng)允許自由發(fā)表政見。
industrial  a. 工業(yè)的, 供工業(yè)用的, 工業(yè)高度發(fā)展的, 產(chǎn)業(yè)的n. 工業(yè)工人, 工業(yè)股票
例句：The river forms the division between the heavy industrial and light industrial areas of the city. 這條河成了這座城市重工業(yè)區(qū)和輕工業(yè)區(qū)的分界線。
詞組：industrial areas工業(yè)區(qū)industrial workers產(chǎn)業(yè)工人an industrial country工業(yè)國industrial alcohol工業(yè)用酒精an industrial crop勞做收獲
lump  n. 塊, 瘤, 很多, 腫塊, 笨人vt. 使成塊狀, 混在一起vi. 結(jié)塊
例句：He is not a mere lump of clay but a feeling creature. 他不僅具有血肉之軀而且是一個(gè)有感情的人。
詞組：lump it 勉強(qiáng)忍受, 將就忍受
同義詞：bump chunk hunk mass swelling
mathematician  n. 數(shù)學(xué)家
例句：He is an English mathematician. 他是個(gè)英國數(shù)學(xué)家。
manifesto  n. 宣言, 聲明
例句：The party set out (released) its manifesto yesterday. 該黨昨天發(fā)表了它的聲明。
詞組：issue a manifesto發(fā)表一個(gè)宣言
notably  ad. 顯著地, 著名地, 尤其, 特別
例句：Many members were absent, notably許多成員都缺席，特別是副主席也未到場。 the vice-chairman.
ozone n. 臭氧層
例句：Many groups of scientists quickly began monitoring the Antarctic ozone layer. 許多科學(xué)家小組很快開始了對(duì)南極臭氧層的檢測。
詞組：ozone layer臭氧層(距地球表面20-40英里, 為同溫層的外緣)
phenomena  pl. 現(xiàn)象
派生：phenomenon
例句：These phenomena這些現(xiàn)象己經(jīng)非常普遍了。 is very universal.
schism  n. 分裂, 分立, 分裂教會(huì)罪
例句：When one intends to integrate a schism, so it will be. 當(dāng)你意愿整合一個(gè)分裂時(shí)，它就將如你所愿。
smallpox  n. 天花
例句：He was inoculated against smallpox. 他接種了預(yù)防天花的疫苗。
scorn  n. 輕蔑, 藐視, 嘲笑, 被嘲弄的人vt. 輕蔑, 不屑做
例句：He scorns他不屑于撒謊。 to tell a lie.
詞組：be a scorn to (=be the scorn of) 是……的嘲笑對(duì)象; 遭到……的鄙視feel ( have) scorn for 對(duì)……表示藐視hold in (up to) scorn (ridicule) 藐視, 瞧不起; 奚落laugh sb. (sth.) to scorn (=pour scorn on sb. (sth.)) 嘲笑或挖苦某人(某事)point the finger of scorn at sb. 奚落某人, 嘲笑某人think (hold) it scorn to (do) 不屑(做)think scorn of 藐視, 瞧不起
tag  n. 標(biāo)簽, 附屬物, 碎片, 結(jié)束語, 口頭禪, 附加語, 渾名, 標(biāo)記, 標(biāo)記符vt. 附以簽條, 尾隨, 添飾, 起渾名, 連接vi. 緊緊跟隨
例句：He could hardly open his mouth without using one or other of his tags. 他開口說話總帶口頭禪。
詞組：keep a tag on 記錄; 檢查, 監(jiān)視tag along (口)尾隨, 緊緊跟隨; 溫順地陪著tag (oneself) on to (口)(未經(jīng)同意或邀請(qǐng))硬跟著, 纏著tag sth on (onto, to) 把某物附加于……上面tag, rag and bobtail 烏合之眾; 下層人民; 下層社會(huì); 衣衫不整的人們
同義詞：brand call designate follow heel label name pursue shadow trail
utopia  n. 烏托邦
例句：Sir Thomas More is remembered today as the author of Utopia.當(dāng)今，托馬斯·莫爾先生還被銘記為烏托邦的作者。
virus  n. 病毒, 濾過性病毒, 毒害
例句：Scientists have isolated the virus causing the epidemic. 科學(xué)家們已分離出引起這種流行病的病毒。