美國(guó)時(shí)代周刊常用英語(yǔ)詞匯

　　£藝術(shù) · Art

　　1.abstract art : 抽象派藝術(shù)

　　A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)形式至上，忽視內(nèi)容的一種非寫(xiě)實(shí)主義繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格

　　Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musical quality.

　　康定斯創(chuàng)作的抽象派作品有一種音樂(lè)美。

　　2.abstract expressionism : 抽象表現(xiàn)派;抽象表現(xiàn)主義

　　A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes emotion, strong color, and giving primacy to the act of painting.

　　把繪畫(huà)本身作為目的，以表達(dá)情感和濃抹重涂為特點(diǎn)的非寫(xiě)實(shí)主義風(fēng)格。

　　Abstract expressionism was at its peak in the 1940s and 1950s.

　　20世紀(jì)四五十年代是抽象表現(xiàn)藝術(shù)發(fā)展的頂峰時(shí)期。

　　3.action painting : 動(dòng)作畫(huà)派

　　A term used to describe aggressive methods of applying paint.

　　指使畫(huà)布產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈動(dòng)作效果的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格。

　　Action painting often looks childish to the non-artist because of the

　　techniques used to apply paint, such as throwing it on the canvas.

　　在外行看來(lái)，動(dòng)作派的作品通常是幼稚的，這主要是因?yàn)楫?huà)家采用的作畫(huà)方法，比如將顏料潑灑在畫(huà)布上。

　　4.airbrush : 噴槍;氣筆

　　A nozzled tube used to apply paint in a spray form.

　　一種將顏料噴成霧狀的噴嘴管。

　　The famous sexy robots in Japan are produced using an airbrush.

　　那些性感的日本機(jī)器人就是用噴槍繪制成的。

　　5.art deco ：裝飾派藝術(shù)

　　A style dominant in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by repetitive, ornamental, and highly finished curvilinear and geometric designs, esp. in synthetic materials such as plastics.

　　盛行于20世紀(jì)二、三十年代的裝飾藝術(shù)和建筑藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，以重復(fù)的、裝飾精美的曲線和幾何圖案為特點(diǎn)國(guó)，多采用塑料等合成材料。

　　Mary attended high school in a building that was famous for art deco style of architecture.

　　Mary就讀的中學(xué)以其裝飾派建筑而聞名。

　　6.art nouveau ：新藝術(shù)

　　A decorative style in which fluid, biomorphic lines and swirling motifs were emphasized.

　　以曲折有致的天然生物形態(tài)為特色的裝飾性風(fēng)格。

　　Beardsley prints produced in the late 19th century are a good example of the style of art nouveau.

　　19世紀(jì)末比樂(lè)茲利的作品是新藝術(shù)的典范。

　　7.avent-garde : 先鋒派

　　Innovative art in advance of popular ideas and images, characterized by unorthodox and experimental method.

　　不拘于現(xiàn)有的創(chuàng)作定式，勇于創(chuàng)新超前思維的藝術(shù)形式。

　　The avant-garde home of the famous actress sold for millions.

　　那位影星的先鋒派住宅賣(mài)出了幾百萬(wàn)美元的好價(jià)錢(qián)。

　　8.Baroque ：巴羅克風(fēng)格

　　An emotional, dramatic style of the 16th-18th century, anticlassical in form and spirit.

　　流行于16至18世紀(jì)，以情感強(qiáng)烈、鋪張浮華為特點(diǎn)的反古典主義的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。

　　Status and architecture from the Baroque have a dark, muscular, looming quality about them.

　　巴羅克風(fēng)格的雕塑和建筑雄偉、高大、格調(diào)陰暗。

　　9.batik ：蠟防印花

　　Painting on wax-treated cloth.

　　在蠟布上作的畫(huà)。

　　Susan learned about batik in college.

　　蘇珊在讀大學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)過(guò)蠟防印花。

　　10.Bauhaus ：包豪斯建筑風(fēng)格

　　A design school that promoted functional and geometric elements in design.

　　指包豪斯造型學(xué)院倡導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)用和幾何學(xué)要素的建筑風(fēng)格。

　　Bauhaus school of design in Germany changed the way that the world thought about design.

　　德國(guó)的包豪斯造型學(xué)院倡導(dǎo)的藝術(shù)改變了世人的既定設(shè)計(jì)思維模式。

　　11.Byzantine ：拜占庭藝術(shù)風(fēng)格的

　　(adj.) A term used to describe a style of art with strong religious content.

　　藝術(shù)風(fēng)格突出強(qiáng)烈宗教色彩的。

　　The Byzantine era extended from the 13th century and went into the 16th century and was characterized by art with religious influence.

　　拜占庭式藝術(shù)始于13世紀(jì)，一直延續(xù)到16世紀(jì)，其主要特點(diǎn)是濃郁的宗教氣息。

　　12.calligraphy 書(shū)法藝術(shù)

　　Handwriting or penmanship, esp. elegant or “beautiful” writing as a decorative art.

　　書(shū)寫(xiě)的藝術(shù)，特別是優(yōu)雅漂亮可作裝飾的筆跡。

　　Calligraphy has practically become a lost art in today’s computerized society.

　　在今天的電腦時(shí)代，書(shū)法藝術(shù)差不多要消亡了。

　　13.cartoon 草圖，底圖

　　A full-size, preliminary painting or sketch for a completed work.

　　一部完整藝術(shù)作品的雛形。

　　Leonardo da Vinci’s cartoon of the Virgin Mary and Saint Anne hangs in the British National Gallery.

　　達(dá)·芬奇的圣母馬麗亞和圣安妮畫(huà)像的草圖現(xiàn)存于英國(guó)國(guó)家美術(shù)館。

　　14.ceramics

　　(1)The art of making objects such as pottery or clay.

　　(2)The objects themselves.

　　陶器制作藝術(shù);陶器制品。

　　Savannah enjoys making ceramic pottery.

　　薩文喜歡做陶器。

　　15.collage ：拼貼藝術(shù)

　　A composition of found objects, newspaper, and cloth over other material on a single surface.

　　把揀得的報(bào)紙、碎布等在畫(huà)面上粘貼成畫(huà)。

　　We used to make computer collages when I was in college by first pasting various items together and then using a video camera to transmit the image onto a computer screen.

　　我們?cè)诖髮W(xué)時(shí)曾用電腦制作拼貼畫(huà)。其步驟是：首先，將各種材料粘在一起，然后用攝像機(jī)將圖像傳送到電腦上。

　　16.composition ：藝術(shù)作品

　　Aesthetically pleasing, harmonious, and effective arrangement of parts to form a whole.

　　各部分和諧生動(dòng)、符合美學(xué)規(guī)律的作品。

　　Matisse used color and shapes and worked back and forth until he felt he had achieved a balanced composition.

　　馬蒂斯反復(fù)調(diào)試色彩、構(gòu)思圖案，終于畫(huà)了一幅布局和諧的作品。

　　17.computer art 計(jì)算機(jī)藝術(shù)

　　Electronically produced images displayed on video screen.

　　在屏幕上顯示運(yùn)用電子手段設(shè)計(jì)圖像的藝術(shù)。

　　Computer art become popular in the 1980s when computers started to become more available to the public.

　　當(dāng)80年代個(gè)人電腦開(kāi)始普及之后，計(jì)算機(jī)藝術(shù)也流行起來(lái)。

　　18.cubism ：立方主義;立體派

　　A style of art that departs from traditional reality, and emphasizes multifaceted, simultaneous views of subject and distorted perspectives.(early 20th century)

　　20世紀(jì)初出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)藝術(shù)流派。它拋棄傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)藝術(shù)作品的形體結(jié)構(gòu)，即同時(shí)性、多角度性及扭曲的視角。

　　Pablo Picasso played a principal role in the early movement of cubism.

　　帕勃洛·畢加索在立體派早期發(fā)展中起首重要的推動(dòng)作用。

　　19.Dada ：達(dá)達(dá)主義

　　A style (1915-1925) with antirational approach and nihilistic, absurdist, and incongruous themes.

　　流行于1915年至1925年間的藝術(shù)流派，其特點(diǎn)是反理性的創(chuàng)作手法和虛無(wú)、荒誕。矛盾的主題。

　　Dadaism asked “what is art?” and used humor and shock value as communicative elements.

　　達(dá)達(dá)主義設(shè)問(wèn)“什么是藝術(shù)?”并用幽默和讓人震驚的色彩對(duì)比手法作答。

　　20.drawing ：素描

　　A picture, design, or sketch done with lines in pen or pencil.

　　用鋼筆或鉛筆勾勒出的圖畫(huà)、圖案或?qū)懮鷪D。

　　The drawings of Michelangelo were recently exhibited in New York.

　　米開(kāi)朗基羅的素描最近在紐約展出。

　　21.expressionism ：表現(xiàn)主義

　　An early 20th-century style emphasizing emotional expression, strong color and composition, and a distorted, theatrical treatment of image.

　　20世紀(jì)的一種藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，強(qiáng)調(diào)情緒的表現(xiàn)，以濃重的色彩、鮮明的構(gòu)圖，扭曲、夸張的形象處理為特點(diǎn)。

　　Professor Bryer will be giving a lecture on expressionism tonight.

　　今晚布萊恩教授有一個(gè)關(guān)于表現(xiàn)主義的講座。

　　22.fresco ：溫壁畫(huà)技法;濕壁畫(huà)

　　A technique of painting directly on a wet, plaster surface.

　　在潮濕的石膏表面上直接作畫(huà)。

　　We all marveled at the beauty of the 17th century fresco.

　　23.funk art ：非理性藝術(shù);惡臭藝術(shù)

　　A combination of painting and sculpture, deliberately messing and rough, often humorously depicting provocative subjects.(U.S., mid-20th century)

　　20世紀(jì)中期出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)的一種藝術(shù)流派。故意雜亂無(wú)章、不加修飾的繪畫(huà)與雕塑的融合。多以幽默的方式描繪刺激性的場(chǎng)面。

　　Jeson has been collecting funk art since the mid 1960s.

　　杰森從20世紀(jì)60年代中期就開(kāi)始收集非理性藝術(shù)作品。

　24.futurism ：未來(lái)主義

　　A style glorifying modern technology, speed, and the machine age. ( Italy, early 20th century )

　　頌揚(yáng)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)、速度和機(jī)器時(shí)代的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。起源于20世紀(jì)初的意大利。

　　Art from the era of futurism can be identified by a combination of machine elements, cubism, and motion.

　　未來(lái)主義時(shí)期藝術(shù)的突出特點(diǎn)是機(jī)器法則、立方主義與運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)械的組合。

　　25.genre ：風(fēng)俗畫(huà)

　　A realistic depiction of scenes from everyday domestic life.

　　日常家居生活的寫(xiě)實(shí)畫(huà)。

　　Who is your favorite genre painter?

　　你最喜歡的風(fēng)俗畫(huà)家是誰(shuí)?

　　26.Gothic ：哥特風(fēng)格

　　A style that emphasizes Christian imagery, brilliant color, and strong verticality in composition. ( 12th – 16th century )

　　以基督教題材、亮麗的色彩、明顯的垂直線條為特點(diǎn)的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格。流行于12至16世紀(jì)。

　　Jean dislikes Gothic art because it feels too religious.

　　吉不喜歡哥特風(fēng)格的作品，因?yàn)樗鼈兊淖诮躺�彩太濃�?/p>

　　27.gouache ：樹(shù)膠水彩顏料

　　An opaque watercolor bound with gum.

　　由膠水調(diào)和的不透光水彩。

　　Do you like the quality of gouache in paintings?

　　你喜歡水彩畫(huà)嗎?

　　28. graphic arts ：平面造型藝術(shù)

　　Those visual arts that are linear in character, such as drawing and engraving, esp. those that involve printing and printmaking.

　　平面視角藝術(shù)，特別是指與印刷業(yè)有關(guān)的素描、雕刻等。

　　The computer is now enabling anyone to produce and design and experiment with graphic art.

　　計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)使任何人都能制造、設(shè)計(jì)和試驗(yàn)平面視角藝術(shù)。

　　29.hard-edge ：鋒刃派繪畫(huà)的;硬邊畫(huà)的

　　(adj.) A style characterized by geometric abstraction, a flat picture plan, perfection of a surface, and graphic precision.(U.S., mid-20th century)

　　流行于20世紀(jì)中期的美國(guó)，以輪廓分明的幾何形體、精確的畫(huà)面為特點(diǎn)的抽象繪畫(huà)。

　　Patrick Nagel’s hard-edge style of 80’s women became one of the strongest images in the 20th century.

　　派特克·納哥爾的鋒刃派風(fēng)格的80年代婦女成了20世紀(jì)最具說(shuō)明力的形象之一。

　　30.history painting ：歷史題材的繪畫(huà)

　　An academic depiction of scenes from mythology, history, or the Bible.

　　以神話(huà)、歷史或圣經(jīng)為題材的傳統(tǒng)繪畫(huà)。

　　Temple Square in Salt Lake City has a visitor center filled with history paintings.

　　鹽湖城的神殿廣場(chǎng)有一個(gè)觀光中心，里面存滿(mǎn)了歷史題材的繪畫(huà)作品。

　　31.hyperrealism ：高度寫(xiě)實(shí)主義

　　An extension of photorealism in which depiction of subject is indistinguishable from reality. (late 20th century)

　　20世紀(jì)末興起的一種繪畫(huà)流派。照相現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的延伸，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的臨摹。

　　The interesting aspect of hyperrealism is that it challenges the viewer to try to decide what is real and what isn’t.

　　高度寫(xiě)實(shí)主義繪畫(huà)很有意思的一點(diǎn)是，觀者很難判斷哪些是真實(shí)的，哪些是虛構(gòu)的。

　　32.impressionism ：印象主義，印象派

　　A style emphasizing the depiction of light and its effects, with the act of seeing as its primary subject. (France 19th century

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)繪畫(huà)中的光感，以視覺(jué)影象作為描繪對(duì)象。

　　Impressionism has long been one of the most popular art movements. Van Gogh’s impressionistic painting entitled “Dr. Gachet” was purchased for a world record $ 85 million by a Japanese investor.

　　長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，印象主義一直是最具有影響力的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)之一。凡高的印象派作品《蓋什醫(yī)生》被一名日本投資商以8500萬(wàn)美元的天價(jià)購(gòu)得。

　　33.Kakemono ：畫(huà)軸

　　A Japanese vertical scroll painting.

　　日本的一種垂直式卷軸畫(huà)。

　　Debbie purchased several kakemono scrolls during her year as an exchange student in Japan.

　　德比在日本做交換學(xué)生時(shí)買(mǎi)了幾卷畫(huà)軸。

　　34.kinetic art ：活動(dòng)藝術(shù)

　　Art characterized by the incorporation of painted and sculpted mechanical parts into an art piece that moves or creates the impression of movement.

　　興起于20世紀(jì)中期的一種與機(jī)械學(xué)相結(jié)合的藝術(shù)，采用活動(dòng)部件，造成動(dòng)感效果的雕塑藝術(shù)。

　　Kinetic art can be seen in front of many office buildings built during the 50’s and 60’s.

　　在五、六十年代，辦公大樓前的雕塑多屬活動(dòng)藝術(shù)作品。

　　35.landscape ：風(fēng)景畫(huà)，山水畫(huà)

　　A depiction of natural land forms, sometimes allegorical.

　　以自然風(fēng)景為主題，有時(shí)含有諷喻意義的作品。

　　Paula travels to New Mexico each summer to paint western landscapes.

　　波拉每年夏天都去新墨西哥州畫(huà)西部風(fēng)景畫(huà)。

　　36.medium ：溶劑，調(diào)色劑，材料

　　A liquid in which pigment is mixed to form paint; a type of paint of coloring matter used in painting.

　　繪畫(huà)用的調(diào)和顏料的液體;藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作所使用的材料。

　　It’s sometimes fun to look at a painting and try to figure out what medium the artist used.

　　有時(shí)猜猜一部藝術(shù)作品所使用的材料很有意思。

　　37.Ming ：具有明代藝術(shù)特色的

　　(adj)Characteristic of a highly academic classicism, esp. in porcelains. (China, 14th –17th centuries)

　　高度傳統(tǒng)古典主義傾向的，特別是指與14至17世紀(jì)中國(guó)明代瓷器有關(guān)的藝術(shù)。

　　Dr. Franks is an expert on porcelains from the Ming dynasty.

　37.minimal art ：極簡(jiǎn)抽象藝術(shù);最小主義藝術(shù)

　　An abstract, simple, reductionist style with absence of all but basic formal elements and primary colors. (U.S. mid-20th century)

　　美國(guó)20世紀(jì)中期興起的一種藝術(shù)流派，其特點(diǎn)是抽象、簡(jiǎn)單、微縮，即把作品簡(jiǎn)略到基本抽象成分。

　　Minimalism is characterized by space with very sparse design elements and helped launch the popular art slogan of “less is more.”

　　最小主義藝術(shù)的特征是稀疏的畫(huà)面，這一藝術(shù)促成了“簡(jiǎn)即繁”的藝術(shù)口號(hào)。

　　38.modernism ：現(xiàn)代主義

　　A style that breaks with traditional art forms and searches for new modes of expression.

　　一種新的、脫離傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)手法的表現(xiàn)形式。

　　Modernism became popular in the early part of the 20th century.

　　現(xiàn)代主義在20世紀(jì)初開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)。

　　39.mosaic ：馬賽克;鑲嵌工藝，鑲嵌畫(huà)

　　An illustration composed of small, colored stones or tiles set into cement.

　　用五顏六色的小石子或瓦片在水泥板上鑲嵌面成的圖案。

　　The new mall in town features a giant mosaic over the main entrance way.

　　在城里新建的林蔭道的主要入口處有一個(gè)巨大的鑲嵌畫(huà)。

　　(我覺(jué)得這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯成：城里新建的大型商場(chǎng)/購(gòu)物中心的入口處有一巨幅鑲嵌畫(huà)。---southleaf)

　　40.mural ：壁畫(huà);壁飾

　　A large-scale painting, usually on a wall or ceiling.

　　通常掛在墻上或天花板上的巨幅畫(huà)。

　　The McMullen’s have a giant mural painting along the hallway in their home.

　　麥克倫家的門(mén)廳里有一幅巨型壁畫(huà)。

　　41.neoclassicism ：新古典主義

　　A style modeled after proportion and restraint of Greek and Roman classical antiquity. (late 18th, early 19th century.)

　　模仿和借鑒古希臘羅馬勻稱(chēng)、莊重建筑風(fēng)格的藝術(shù)形式，盛行于18世紀(jì)末，19世紀(jì)初。

　　We knew that Mr. Samuels was into neoclassicism by the way that he had his courtyard decorated with nude statues.

　　42.new wave ：新浪潮

　　A combination of cartoon, graffiti, and performance art in a minimalist, unsophisticated style (late 20th century.)

　　綜合漫畫(huà)、涂鴉和表演藝術(shù)的藝術(shù)形式，其風(fēng)格簡(jiǎn)單自然。

　　There’s a new wave art show currently on exhibit up at the local college gallery.

　　本地大學(xué)美術(shù)館正在舉辦一個(gè)新浪潮藝術(shù)作品展。

　　43.nude ：裸體畫(huà)，裸體像

　　The undraped human figure, sometimes allegorical.

　　無(wú)遮蓋的人體畫(huà)像，有時(shí)具有諷喻意義。

　　The nude has always played a powerful role in art throughout the ages.

　　在藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，裸體畫(huà)一直占有重要地位。

　　44.oil paint ：油畫(huà)顏料;油漆

　　Pigment mixed with drying oil, exp. linseed oil.

　　和亞麻油等干性油混制成的顏料。

　　You can buy a beginner’s set of oil paints for under $ 20.

　　花不到20元，你就可以買(mǎi)到初學(xué)者所用的一套油畫(huà)顏料。

　　45.op art ：光效應(yīng)藝術(shù)，視覺(jué)藝術(shù)

　　A style with graphic abstraction and pattern-oriented optical effects (mid-20th century)

　　利用幾何圖形和色彩對(duì)比給人以模棱兩可的視幻覺(jué)藝術(shù)，起源于20世紀(jì)中期。

　　Riley and Vasarely are two noteable artists who made contributions in the illusory world of op art.

　　瑞利和凡撒里這兩位著名的藝術(shù)家為夢(mèng)幻般的光效應(yīng)藝術(shù)作出了貢獻(xiàn)。

　　46.performance art ：戲劇表演藝術(shù)

　　Use of paintings, sculpture, and video in live theatrical performance by the artist. (late 20th century)

　　現(xiàn)場(chǎng)戲劇表演中藝術(shù)家摻入繪畫(huà)、雕塑和攝像等形式的綜合藝術(shù)。興起于20世紀(jì)末。

　　We watched a program that featured performance art on TV last night.

　　昨晚有一個(gè)電視節(jié)目介紹了表現(xiàn)派藝術(shù)。

　　47.pastel ：彩色粉筆畫(huà)

　　A crayon made of color ground with chalk and compounded with gum water into paste, often of pale color.

　　粉筆作底色，用膠水調(diào)和色彩。色調(diào)淡雅。

　　Degas is probably my favorite pastel artist.

　　德加大概算是我最喜歡的彩色粉筆畫(huà)家了。

　　48.perspective ：透視畫(huà)法

　　A system of realistically depicting three-dimensional objects or views onto two-dimensional, flat surfaces through convergent lines and planes.

　　以現(xiàn)實(shí)的手法，在兩維的平面上，利用線和面趨向會(huì)合的視錯(cuò)覺(jué)原理刻畫(huà)三維物體的藝術(shù)。

　　Perspective illustration provides a three-dimensional view of objects or views.

　　透視畫(huà)法提供了一個(gè)對(duì)物體或景色的三維視角。

　　49.pictograph ：象形文字;圖畫(huà)文字

　　A picture symbolizing an idea or object, used as an early form of writing.

　　代表一個(gè)思想或物體的圖畫(huà)。屬早期的文字。

　　Three men were arrested for vandalizing ancient pictographs found I the canyons of southern Utah.

　　50.pointillism ：點(diǎn)畫(huà)法;點(diǎn)彩派

　　Neo-impressionism characterized by the use of tiny, closely spaced dots or points of color that blend to produce a luminous quality.

　　新印象主義畫(huà)法，用微小、密集的彩色點(diǎn)混合后產(chǎn)生一種奪目的效果。

　　The painting “Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte” by Seurat is probably the most famous work of pointillism.

　　修拉的《在拉·格蘭德·加特島的一個(gè)星期天下午》大概是最有名的點(diǎn)彩派畫(huà)了。

　　51.pop art ：波普藝術(shù)

　　A style-making use of images from popular culture and commerce, often reproduced exactly. (mid-20th century)

　　把精確復(fù)制大眾文化和商業(yè)中的形象作為一種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。起源于20世紀(jì)中期。

　　Roy Litchenstein, who helped start the movement in the 1950s, continues to rule the king of pop art into the 90s.

　　早在50年代，羅耶·列克敦斯坦就參與發(fā)起波普藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，直到90年代他依然是波普藝術(shù)的頂尖人物。

　　52.primitivism ：原始風(fēng)格

　　A style with an unsophisticated, pretechnological, simple approach to form and content.

　　形式處理和內(nèi)容表現(xiàn)力求簡(jiǎn)潔，避免復(fù)雜化或工藝手段的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。

　　The famous series of “cut-outs” by Henri Matisse are a good example of primitivism.

　　亨利·馬蒂斯著名的《割斷》系列作品是原始主義流派的代表作之一。

　　53.realism ：現(xiàn)實(shí)主義風(fēng)格

　　Art that depicts reality as it appears.

　　以寫(xiě)實(shí)的手法描繪現(xiàn)實(shí)。

　　I am in awe when I view realism such as the landscapes painted by 17th century Dutch artist Jan Vemeeer.

　　欣賞著17世紀(jì)荷蘭畫(huà)家楊·弗美爾的風(fēng)景畫(huà)，我被其中的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義風(fēng)格所震撼。

　　54.Renaissance ：文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期風(fēng)格的;文藝復(fù)興

　　(adj.)Art that is classical in form and content. (n.) revival of aesthetics of classical antiquity. (14th – 17th century)

　　藝術(shù)作品的形式和內(nèi)容具有古典主義色彩的;從14世紀(jì)延續(xù)到17世紀(jì)的經(jīng)典傳統(tǒng)美學(xué)的復(fù)興。

　　Renaissance art is still appreciated by artists of today.

　　現(xiàn)在的藝術(shù)家仍然對(duì)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)珍愛(ài)有加。

　　Much of the greatest art in the history of the world was produced during the Renaissance.

　　世界藝術(shù)史上最偉大的作品很多是在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期產(chǎn)生的。

　　55.rococo ：洛可可藝術(shù)的;洛可可式的

　　A style with ornamental, poetic, curvilinear forms and lyrical themes.

　　融裝飾性、詩(shī)化的、曲線的形式和抒情主題為一體的藝術(shù)。

　　Mrs. Mead is looking for a chair in rococo style.

　　米德夫人想買(mǎi)一個(gè)洛可可式的椅子。

　　56.sculpture ：雕刻術(shù);雕塑術(shù)

　　The art of carving wood, chiseling stone, casting or welding metal, molding clay or wax, etc. into three-dimensional representations, as statues, figures, forms, etc.

　　通過(guò)對(duì)木頭、石頭進(jìn)行雕刻，對(duì)金屬加以鑄造、焊接，或?qū)δ�、蠟加工制成的三維雕塑作品。

　　Mr. Rushmore which depicts images of 4 U.S. presidents in the Black Hills, South Dakota, is one of the most famous sculptures in America.

　　在南達(dá)科他州布萊克山區(qū)的拉什莫爾山刻有四位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的雕像。它們是美國(guó)最有名的雕塑之一。

　　57.self-portrait ：自畫(huà)像

　　A depiction of an artist’s own face

　　藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作的自己的肖像畫(huà)。

　　Artist’s self-portraits are usually very sought-after works of art.

　　人們總是樂(lè)于求購(gòu)藝術(shù)家的自畫(huà)像。

　　58.still lift ：靜物畫(huà)

　　A realistic depiction of inanimate objects, esp. flowers, fruit, or domestic items.

　　以寫(xiě)實(shí)的手法描繪無(wú)生命的物體，比如花、水果、家什等。

　　Cezanne is known for his unique still life paintings of apples.

　　賽尚以獨(dú)具一格的蘋(píng)果靜物畫(huà)聞名遐邇。

　　59.surrealism ：超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義

　　A style using subconscious mental activity as its subject matter, characterized by dreamlike, hallucinatory imagery.

　　將下意識(shí)的精神活動(dòng)作為描寫(xiě)對(duì)象，多運(yùn)用夢(mèng)幻意象的藝術(shù)形式。

　　The artist Salvador Dali is synonymous with surrealism.

　　藝術(shù)家薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利是超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的同義詞。

　　60.Symbolism ：象征主義

　　A 19th century French movement that rejected realism and expressed subjective visions through evocative images.

　　產(chǎn)生于19世紀(jì)的法國(guó)藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。它摒棄現(xiàn)實(shí)主義手法，通過(guò)使人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想的意像表達(dá)主觀感受。

　　Great art most always incorporates symbolism.

　　偉大的藝術(shù)幾乎總具有象征意義。

　　61.video art ：視頻藝術(shù)

　　The use of filmed or videotaped material display alone or with other media.( late 20th century)

　　通過(guò)創(chuàng)造性地利用視頻技術(shù)產(chǎn)生可以在電視屏幕上觀看的一種藝術(shù)形式，產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)末。

　　Video art has become a popular medium in today’s art, especially in collages.

　　今天，視頻藝術(shù)已經(jīng)成為一種非常受歡迎的繪畫(huà)形式，特別是拼貼畫(huà)中。

　　62.watercolor ：水彩顏料;水彩畫(huà)

　　A paint which is mixed with water and used to create pictures; A picture which has been done with this type of paint.

　　一種與水混合用來(lái)作畫(huà)的顏料;用這種顏料作的畫(huà)。

　　My uncle did a beautiful watercolor of a sunset while in Mexico.

　　我的叔叔在墨西哥時(shí)畫(huà)了一幅漂亮的日落水彩畫(huà)。

　商業(yè)·Business

　　63.account ：財(cái)務(wù)帳;帳戶(hù)

　　A record of financial transactions kept in a ledger.

　　在分類(lèi)帳中保存的財(cái)務(wù)來(lái)往記錄。

　　A bank account

　　銀行帳戶(hù)

　　A customer or client

　　顧客或客戶(hù)

　　Let’s check the account again.

　　我們?cè)俨橐槐閹ぁ?/p>

　　How much is left in our bank account.

　　銀行帳上還剩多少。

　　This firm is our best account.

　　這家商行是我們最好的客戶(hù)。

　　64.accounting ：會(huì)計(jì)

　　A system and process of gathering and recording financial information that provides a continuous balance between assets and liabilities.

　　收集和記錄財(cái)務(wù)住處的制度和過(guò)程，并據(jù)此不斷提供資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債之間的余額。

　　You need to discuss that matter with the accounting department.

　　你應(yīng)當(dāng)和財(cái)務(wù)部討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　65.accumulation ：資本增益

　　An addition to capital investments or stock from profits.

　　資本投資的收益或股分增值。

　　What kink of accumulation are you getting on the ABC stock?

　　你有ABC公司的股份有什么資本增益?

　　66.affluence ：富裕

　　The condition of substantial wealth and economic power.

　　擁有雄厚財(cái)富和經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的狀況。

　　Luxury cars are targeted towards the affluent segment of a population.

　　豪華轎車(chē)是以人口中的富裕階層為銷(xiāo)售對(duì)象的。

　　67.affiliate ：成員，分公司

　　A business that contracts to work with another business.

　　簽訂合同與另一公司合作的公司。

　　The ABC office supply company is one of our many affiliates.

　　ABC辦公用品公司是我們眾多分公司的其中之一。

　　68.agenda ：日程表

　　A list of things to be done.

　　要處理的事務(wù)清單

　　Could you please fax me a copy of tomorrow’s agenda?

　　能否將明天的日程表給我發(fā)個(gè)傳真?

　　69.agribusiness ：農(nóng)業(yè)綜合企業(yè)

　　The production and marketing of corps by large corporations as opposed to individual farms.

　　由大集團(tuán)公司進(jìn)行的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售，與個(gè)體農(nóng)場(chǎng)主經(jīng)營(yíng)方式相反。

　　John was forced into bankruptcy when he lost millions of dollars he had invested in a poor agribusiness venture.

　　約翰在農(nóng)業(yè)綜合企業(yè)中投資不當(dāng)，損失了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元，被迫破產(chǎn)。

　　70.air-pocket stock ：氣穴股票

　　Stock that falls sharply on bad news.

　　一有壞消息便急劇下跌的股票。

　　Company stock sometimes turns into air-pocket stock upon the news of the company’s CEO’s serious illness or death.

　　一旦公司總裁病重或去世的消息傳出，其股票有時(shí)會(huì)變成氣穴股票。

　　71.annual report ：年度報(bào)告

　　A financial report produced by the management of a corporation for shareholders the end of fiscal year.

　　在每個(gè)財(cái)政年末，由公司的資方向股東提供的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告。

　　72.asset ：資產(chǎn)

　　A possession that can be turned into cash to cover liabilities

　　能被轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)金以抵消債務(wù)的財(cái)物

　　We were forced to liquidate some of our assets to pay our debts.

　　我們被迫變賣(mài)一些資產(chǎn)以?xún)斶�債務(wù)。

　　73.automation ：自動(dòng)化

　　The replacement of human laborers with computers and self-regulating machines

　　用計(jì)算機(jī)和自動(dòng)化控制的機(jī)器來(lái)代替人力。

　　Automation in factories will continue to eliminate more and more jobs into the 21st century.

　　到21世紀(jì)，工廠的自動(dòng)化將繼續(xù)削減更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

　　74.balanced budget ：平衡預(yù)算

　　Spending that is equal to revenue, esp. in government.

　　一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的開(kāi)支和收入相等，特別指在政府方面

　　75.bankruptcy ：破產(chǎn)

　　The inability to pay one’s debts; legal insolvency

　　無(wú)力償還債務(wù)，法律上的資不抵債。

　　Many private companies are forced to declare bankruptcy when they begin to lose business to their competitors.

　　許多私營(yíng)企業(yè)在經(jīng)營(yíng)上輸給其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手時(shí)，不得不宣布破產(chǎn)。

　　76.big business ：大公司

　　A term used to describe large corporations, as opposed to small individually or family-owned business.

　　大規(guī)模的股份有限責(zé)任公司，與私有或家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)的小型企業(yè)相反。

　　Darren wants to get into big business some day.

　　77.Black Monday ：黑色星期一

　　October 19, 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell a record 508 points in trading on the New York Stock Exchange.

　　1987年10月19日，紐約股票交易所道·瓊斯工業(yè)股票平均指數(shù)狂跌創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的508點(diǎn)。

　　78.blue chip stock ：熱門(mén)股票，績(jī)優(yōu)股，藍(lán)籌股

　　A term used to describe high-quality stocks of financially sound corporations

　　指財(cái)務(wù)上可靠的公司發(fā)行的高質(zhì)量股票。

　　Mr. Jeppson has a portfolio of nothing but blue chip stocks.

　　杰普遜先生持有的有價(jià)證券里全部都是熱門(mén)股票。

　　79.bond ：債券

　　A security issued by a corporation or public body and carrying a fixed rate of interest

　　由公司或政府機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)行的固有利率的有價(jià)債券。

　　What’s the interest rate on these bonds?

　　這些債券的利率是多少?

　　80.boom ：繁榮

　　A period of great economic activity and business expansion

　　(企業(yè)等)經(jīng)濟(jì)非常活躍，經(jīng)營(yíng)擴(kuò)張的時(shí)期。

　　The soft drink business always booms in the summertime.

　　飲料業(yè)在夏天總是興旺繁榮。

　　81.boondoggle ：無(wú)效的投資

　　A wasteful business venture

　　不見(jiàn)回報(bào)的經(jīng)營(yíng)投機(jī)

　　Our investment in water softeners was a boondoggle.

　　我們?cè)谒�軟化器上的投資打了水漂。

　　82.bottom line ：最終結(jié)果

　　The final result or ultimate objective

　　最終的結(jié)果或目標(biāo)

　　What’s the bottom line of your proposal?

　　你的建議要達(dá)到的最終目標(biāo)是什么?

　　83.boycott ：抵制

　　The refusal to purchase the products of an individual, corporation, or nation as a way to bring social and political pressure for change.

　　拒絕購(gòu)買(mǎi)某一個(gè)人、公司或國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品，作為施加社會(huì)、政治壓力，促進(jìn)其改變政策的一種手段。

　　Americans boycotted tuna several years ago until tuna companies guaranteed that they weren’t catching dolphins in their tuna nets.

　　幾年前美國(guó)人抵制金槍魚(yú)，直至金槍魚(yú)公司保證在捕撈金槍魚(yú)時(shí)放掉海豚。

　　84.budget ：預(yù)算

　　A plan of expenditures based on anticipated revenues.

　　根據(jù)估算的收入而制訂的開(kāi)支計(jì)劃。

　　How much do we have left in our budget?

　　我們的預(yù)算還剩多少?

　　85.business cycle ：景氣周期

　　Periodic rise and fall in economic activity

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中周期性的漲落。

　　U.S. retailers see the same basic business cycle every year and typically do most of their business during the Christmas season.

　　美國(guó)零售商們每年都經(jīng)歷相同的景氣周期。通常情況下，他們大部分生產(chǎn)都是在圣誕節(jié)期間做的。

　　86.bust ：崩潰

　　An informal term referring to a financial or economic collapse

　　非正式用語(yǔ)，指金融或經(jīng)濟(jì)上破產(chǎn)。

　　The economy is currently in a bust.

　　目前經(jīng)濟(jì)處于崩潰之中。

　　87.buying power ：購(gòu)買(mǎi)力

　　Purchasing power

　　購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品的能力。

　　The buying power of the dollar has steadily declined during the last twenty-five years.

　　在過(guò)去的25年里，美元的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力持續(xù)下降。

　　88.capital ：資本

　　Money, assets, or property used as a means of production or for investment

　　可以用作生產(chǎn)或投資手段的金錢(qián)、資產(chǎn)或財(cái)物。

　　Some futurists claim that human capital is a company’s greatest asset.

　　一些未來(lái)學(xué)家聲稱(chēng)公司的人力資本是其最大的資產(chǎn)。

　　89.capitalism ：資本主義

　　An economic system based on private ownership and profit incentive

　　建立在私有制和利潤(rùn)刺激基礎(chǔ)上的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。

　　People in some countries don’t really understand the system of capitalism.

　　一些國(guó)家的人們并不真正理解資本主義制度。

　　90.cash cow ：搖錢(qián)樹(shù)

　　An informal term for a business with a dependable source of income

　　非正式用語(yǔ)。指收入來(lái)源可靠的生意。

　　This product has always been a cash cow for our company.

　　這種產(chǎn)品一直是我們公司的搖錢(qián)樹(shù)。

　　91.cash flow ：現(xiàn)金流通

　　Fluctuations in a company’s cash position

　　公司現(xiàn)金形勢(shì)的波動(dòng)情況。

　　Our company is currently having a cash flow problem.

　　92.CEO ：總裁，總經(jīng)理

　　An acronym for “chief executive officer”. The highest executive officer of a company.

　　“chief executive officer”的縮略詞。指公司的最高行政長(zhǎng)官。

　　Advertisers are using CEO’s more frequently in their company’s commercials because studies show that people trust and admire leaders.

　　廣告商們?cè)趶V告片中越來(lái)越多地利用總裁的形象，因?yàn)檠芯勘砻�，人們相信、崇拜領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

　　93.Chapter 11 ：破產(chǎn)條款

　　A bankruptcy code section that applies to a corporation going out of business which may require restructuring.

　　破產(chǎn)法的部分章節(jié)，適用于需要重組的倒閉公司。

　　Rumors are spreading that one of the big movie companies is filing a chapter 11.

　　有謠言說(shuō)一家大的電影公司正申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)。

　　94.commercialism ：重商主義，商業(yè)行為

　　The practice and spirit of business in which the making of profits is emphasized.

　　商業(yè)做法和精神，強(qiáng)調(diào)利潤(rùn)的追求。

　　Many American dislike the commercialism that is associated with Christmas.

　　95.competition ：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

　　The rivalry between similar businesses for customers or clients.

　　經(jīng)營(yíng)產(chǎn)品相近的廠商間爭(zhēng)奪顧客或客戶(hù)的斗爭(zhēng)。

　　Competition in business is good because it generally results in better quality and lower prices for consumers.

　　商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中是好事，它可以為消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)更好的質(zhì)量和更低的價(jià)格。

　　96.conglomerate ：集團(tuán)公司，聯(lián)合大企業(yè)

　　A corporation made up several companies that produce large quantities of output in a variety of industries.

　　諸多產(chǎn)業(yè)中，由幾家公司組成的股份公司，大量生產(chǎn)各種產(chǎn)品。

　　Proctor & Gamble is a large personal product conglomerate.

　　寶潔公司是一家生產(chǎn)個(gè)人衛(wèi)生用品的大集團(tuán)公司。

　　97.consumerism ：(1)消費(fèi);(2)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益運(yùn)動(dòng)

　　The consumption of goods and service.

　　商品和服務(wù)的耗費(fèi)

　　Inflation always hurts consumerism.

　　通貨膨脹總是打擊消費(fèi)。

　　The protection of consumers form poor products or misleading claims.

　　保護(hù)消費(fèi)者免受劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和誤導(dǎo)性廣告的侵害。

　　The U.S. Food and Drug administration tries to regulate consumerism.

　　美國(guó)食品和醫(yī)藥管理局想規(guī)范消費(fèi)者權(quán)益運(yùn)動(dòng)。

　　98.consumer price index ：消費(fèi)品價(jià)格指數(shù)

　　A measure of the fluctuation in prices of common consumer goods and services over a fixed time period.

　　在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)衡量常用消費(fèi)品和服務(wù)價(jià)格波動(dòng)情況的一種尺度。

　　The consumer price index is a good reference tool to use in order to learn how much the price of a specific item has changed over the last several years.

　　想了解某一特定商品在過(guò)去幾年內(nèi)的價(jià)格變化情況，消費(fèi)品價(jià)格指數(shù)是一個(gè)很好的工具。

　　99.corporate ladder ：公司的官階

　　A series of steps in the organizational hierarchy of a company.

　　公司組織等級(jí)制度中的一系列晉升階梯。

　　Climbing the corporate ladder is not as popular as it used to be.

　　走公司的晉升之道不象以前那樣有吸引力了。

　　100.corporate raider ：強(qiáng)行收購(gòu)

　　A person, company, etc. that attempts to take over another company, exp. by buying up the stock of the target company.

　　個(gè)人或公司通常以全部買(mǎi)下其看準(zhǔn)的公司的股份而吞并該公司。

　　101.cost cutting ：削減成本

　　A reactive measure taken by companies esp. in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending.

　　公司采取的應(yīng)付措施，特別是在困難時(shí)期，通過(guò)減少浪費(fèi)和不必要的開(kāi)支來(lái)節(jié)省資金。

　　Companies in the 90s have been implementing a lot of cost cutting in order to become more efficient and competitive.

　　為了提高效率和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，許多公司在90年代一直在實(shí)施削減成本的各種措施。

　　102.cost of living ：生活費(fèi)用

　　The average cost for the basic necessities of life

　　支付基本生活必需品的平均花費(fèi)。

　　Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks.

　　很多雇員希望其工資的生活費(fèi)用部分每年都有增長(zhǎng)。

　　103.creeping inflation ：輕度通貨膨脹

　　The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices.

　　物價(jià)不斷上漲，但因漲幅很小而不為人注意。

　　Creeping inflation continues to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s.

　　90年代輕度通貨膨脹一直波及經(jīng)濟(jì)生活

　　104.decline ：萎縮，下降

　　A period of reduced business activity.

　　經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)下降的時(shí)期。

　　College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate.

　　大學(xué)生們對(duì)其畢業(yè)后就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的減少感到憂(yōu)心忡忡。

　　105.deficit ：赤字

　　A budget imbalance in which expenditures exceed income.

　　支出超過(guò)收入的預(yù)算失衡

　　Our company ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit.

　　我們公司在開(kāi)始贏利前的頭三年中都是虧損經(jīng)營(yíng)。

　　106.deflation ：通貨緊縮

　　A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices.

　　貨幣供應(yīng)的減少，導(dǎo)致物價(jià)的急劇下降。

　　Consumers are always motivated by deflation.

　　通貨緊縮往往能刺激消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)買(mǎi)欲。

　　107.demand ：需求

　　The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services.

　　消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品和服務(wù)的能力。

　　Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their client’s products.

　　營(yíng)銷(xiāo)商和廣告商總是在尋找新的途徑以創(chuàng)造其客戶(hù)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的需求。

　　108.depression ：蕭條

　　A severe, extended period of decline in business activity.

　　商業(yè)活動(dòng)嚴(yán)重減少并且長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有好轉(zhuǎn)。

　　Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s.

　　許多上了年紀(jì)的美國(guó)人對(duì)三十年代的大蕭條仍記憶猶新。

　　109.deregulation ：撤消管制

　　A gradual removal of government control over business.

　　政府逐步撤消對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的控制。

　　Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control.

　　大多數(shù)公司和產(chǎn)業(yè)贊成政府撤消管制。

　　110.distribution ：商品流通

　　The marketing of merchandising.

　　商品的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)。

　　If a product doesn’t have good distribution, it won’t sell.

　　商品流通如果不暢就賣(mài)不出去。

　　111.diversification ：經(jīng)營(yíng)多樣化

　　The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered.

　　通過(guò)增加產(chǎn)品品種和服務(wù)項(xiàng)目來(lái)擴(kuò)展經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)。

　　Many fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their competitors.

　　許多快餐企業(yè)正實(shí)行經(jīng)營(yíng)多樣化，力圖從其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手手中奪取更多的顧客。

　　112.dumping ：傾銷(xiāo)

　　The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset competition.

　　以低于成本的價(jià)格向其他國(guó)家銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)品以減少過(guò)剩產(chǎn)品，引發(fā)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

　　The U.S. has accused Japan of dumping mini-vans here in American.

　　美國(guó)控告日本在美國(guó)傾銷(xiāo)小型貨車(chē)。

　　113.economics ：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

　　The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption.

　　形容財(cái)富及其創(chuàng)造、分配和消費(fèi)的科學(xué)。

　　Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard.

　　蘇珊在哈佛攻讀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)。

　　114.economy ：經(jīng)濟(jì)

　　The organization of social and political institutions and business for production.

　　社會(huì)及政治機(jī)構(gòu)的組織以及以生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)為目的的企業(yè)組織。

　　National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy.

　　國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須一直為經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況操心。

　　115.Fortune 500 ：《財(cái)富》500家公司

　　A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine.

　　由《財(cái)富》雜志每年公布的全美國(guó)最大的500家公司。

　　Who are the top 10 companies on the Fortune 500 list?

　　在《財(cái)富》500家公司中，前10名是哪些?

　　116.franchise ：經(jīng)銷(xiāo)權(quán)，連鎖店

　　A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another company.

　　地區(qū)分銷(xiāo)商得到其他公司的合同或許可證，有權(quán)使用其名稱(chēng)并銷(xiāo)售其產(chǎn)品。

　　Clancy is opening a new McDonald’s franchise in London.

　　克蘭西在倫敦開(kāi)了一家麥當(dāng)勞連鎖店。

　　117.freeze ：凍結(jié)

　　The fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc.

　　停止一些經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的變動(dòng)，如價(jià)格、就業(yè)、開(kāi)支等。

　　The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps.

　　政府凍結(jié)了汽油泵的價(jià)格。

　　118.full employment�。撼浞志蜆I(yè)

　　An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent.

　　失業(yè)率處于可接受的最小值，常常是6%以下的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)。

　　The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve.

　　充分就業(yè)是大多數(shù)國(guó)家很少取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)局面。

　　119.glamour stock�。簾衢T(mén)股票

　　A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price.

　　新興且發(fā)展迅速的產(chǎn)業(yè)所發(fā)行的股票，有迅速升值的趨勢(shì)。

　　John specializes in buying glamour stock, particular in media, and entertainment companies.

　　約翰專(zhuān)門(mén)購(gòu)買(mǎi)由傳媒、娛樂(lè)公司發(fā)行的熱門(mén)股票。

　　120.glas ceiling ：性別障礙，玻璃天花板

　　A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of senior-level management.

　　指阻止女性進(jìn)入高級(jí)管理階層的一種無(wú)形障礙。

　　Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them form upper management in large corporation.

　　90年代，許多婦女抗議阻止她們進(jìn)入大公司高級(jí)管理階層的性別障礙。

　　121.global economy ：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)

　　Worldwide trade, travel, competition, etc.

　　世界范圍內(nèi)的貿(mào)易、旅游、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等。

　　Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay competitive in the new global economy.

　　為在新的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，90年代的公司都從全球的角度考慮問(wèn)題。

　　122.GNP ：國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值

　　An abbr. For “gross national product.” The total annual monetary value of all goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy.

　　“gross national product” 的縮寫(xiě)詞，指在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)市場(chǎng)上銷(xiāo)售的所有商品、服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品的年度貨幣總值。

　　What was Japan’s GNP in 1987?

　　1987年日本的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值是多少?

　　123.golden parachute ：高額離職補(bǔ)貼

　　A substantial compensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover.

　　在發(fā)生合并或兼并的情況下，公司高層行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)離開(kāi)其職位時(shí)所獲得的豐厚補(bǔ)償，作為高額離職補(bǔ)助金。

　　CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their companies are seized in a hostile takeover.

　　公司被他方惡意接管時(shí)，通常情況下總裁們都會(huì)得到高額的離職補(bǔ)貼。

　　124.gray market ：灰色市場(chǎng)

　　A market in which scare goods such as computer chips are traded at above-market prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical.

　　以高于正常市場(chǎng)價(jià)格來(lái)銷(xiāo)售稀缺商品如電腦芯片的市場(chǎng)。這種交易通常以非正常渠道進(jìn)行，手段雖不犯法但也不被認(rèn)為是合乎道德的。

　　Our company is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market.

　　由于類(lèi)似產(chǎn)品在灰色市場(chǎng)上銷(xiāo)售，我們公司損失很大。

　　125.greenmail ：綠票欺詐

　　The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a company’s stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the company to try to thwart the attempt by buying back its stock at a much higher price.

　　秘密購(gòu)買(mǎi)一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能進(jìn)行接管，最終迫使該公司為挫敗對(duì)方的企圖，不得不以高出很多的價(jià)格買(mǎi)回股份。

　　The ABC company found themselves a victim of greenmail when they realized they had bought back their stock at a much higher price.

　　當(dāng)ABC公司以高得多的價(jià)格買(mǎi)回自己的股份時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)本公司成了綠票欺詐的受害者。

　126.hardball ：商場(chǎng)上的殺手锏，動(dòng)真格

　　Slang for highly competitive or ruthless business practices.

　　俚語(yǔ)，指生意上極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力或冷酷無(wú)情的做法。

　　Our competitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball.

　　我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手所用的戰(zhàn)術(shù)表明他們要?jiǎng)诱娓窳恕?/p>

　　127.hostile takeover ：敵意接管

　　The act of taking control of a company by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling interest.

　　通過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)足夠股份從而獲得控股權(quán)的辦法來(lái)接管一家公司。

　　Last year the small airline company was bought up in a hostile takeover.

　　去年這家小航空公司在一次敵意接管中被收購(gòu)。

　　128.hyperinflation ：高通脹

　　Rapid inflation and major shortages caused by panic buying.

　　迅猛的通貨膨脹和搶購(gòu)造成嚴(yán)重的商品短缺。

　　The fear of sudden natural disaster caused hyperinflation to occur in certain food markets because of panic buying by the public.

　　由于擔(dān)心自然災(zāi)害會(huì)突然降臨，公眾瘋狂搶購(gòu)，導(dǎo)致了一些食品市場(chǎng)的高通脹。

　　129.inflation ：通貨膨脹

　　A sustained rise in the price of goods and services.

　　商品和服務(wù)的價(jià)格持續(xù)上漲。

　　Has the rate of inflation dropped in the last six months?

　　在過(guò)去的6個(gè)月里通貨膨脹率下降了嗎?

　　130.junk bond ：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)債券，垃圾債券

　　A slang term for a high-risk bond that offers a high return but is considered to have a dubious backing.

　　俚語(yǔ)。指高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高回報(bào)的債券，但被認(rèn)為有可疑的背景支持。

　　Michael Milken will always be synonymous with the term ”junk bond king.”

　　邁克爾·米爾肯總是“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)債券之王”的同義詞。

　　131.labor-intensive ：勞動(dòng)密集型的

　　(adj.)A term used to describe production that uses more labor than capital.

　　運(yùn)用人力多于資本的生產(chǎn)。

　　The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive.

　　零件是用密集勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的，這樣價(jià)格就很貴。

　　132.leveraged buyout(LBO) ：舉債收購(gòu)

　　A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a company’s assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral.

　　投資者以收購(gòu)對(duì)象的資產(chǎn)作擔(dān)保，借錢(qián)來(lái)收購(gòu)該公司的足夠資產(chǎn)以獲得控股權(quán)的過(guò)程。

　　Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company.

　　有時(shí)候小公司可以用舉債收購(gòu)的手段來(lái)接管另一家公司。

　　133.macroeconomics ：宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

　　An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp. factors on a national level.

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分支，研究經(jīng)濟(jì)的宏觀方面，尤其是國(guó)家層次上的因素。

　　Mr. Samuels is an expert in macroeconomics.

　　塞謬爾斯先生是位宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專(zhuān)家。

　　134.market share ：市場(chǎng)份額

　　A percentage of total sales within a specific market by one company.

　　一公司產(chǎn)品的銷(xiāo)售總額在某一特定商品市場(chǎng)上所占的百分比。

　　The kelloggs company has over 50 percent of the market share for breakfast cereals

　　克洛格公司在早餐粥市場(chǎng)上占有超過(guò)50%以上的份額。

　　135.mass production ：大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)

　　The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.

　　利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件和生產(chǎn)線大批量生產(chǎn)商品

　　Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.

　　大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)使得很多人能以更為便宜的價(jià)格享用某種產(chǎn)品。

　　136.microeconomics ：微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

　　The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分支，研究生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的單個(gè)單位。

　　Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.

　　在未來(lái)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品的專(zhuān)業(yè)化和客戶(hù)化以方便顧客。

　　137.mogul ：商業(yè)巨頭

　　Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry.

　　非正式用語(yǔ)。商業(yè)或產(chǎn)業(yè)界的富有且勢(shì)力大的人物。

　　We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.

　　我們收看了一段電視訪談，采訪對(duì)象是一位擁有一億多美元資產(chǎn)的娛樂(lè)業(yè)巨頭。

　　138.mommy track ：母親路線

　　A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.

　　女性的職業(yè)模式。指女性不愿晉升過(guò)快，以便有更多時(shí)間和家人相處。

　　Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.

　　90年代，數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的婦女寧愿走母親路線也不愿攀登公司的官階。

　　139.monopoly ：壟斷

　　A domination of the market by a single company.

　　由單一公司統(tǒng)治市場(chǎng)的局面。

　　The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.

　　打破壟斷可以產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，這會(huì)給公眾帶來(lái)更好的質(zhì)量和更低的價(jià)格。

　　140.oligopoly ：寡頭壟斷

　　A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.

　　少數(shù)商家占有市場(chǎng)，因此他們可以操縱價(jià)格和其他因素。

　　The U.S. auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.

　　美國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)是寡頭壟斷的行業(yè)，因?yàn)橹挥?家主安生產(chǎn)商。

　　141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防衛(wèi)

　　An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.

　　被定為兼并對(duì)象的公司通過(guò)出價(jià)收購(gòu)敵對(duì)公司，從而阻止其惡意收購(gòu)。

　　The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.

　　在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)殘酷無(wú)情的80年代，對(duì)于那些希望躲過(guò)惡意兼并的公司來(lái)說(shuō)，帕克曼防衛(wèi)之類(lèi)的戰(zhàn)略手段太重要了。

　　142.Paper profit ：紙上盈利

　　An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold.

　　對(duì)擁有的某種商品進(jìn)行估價(jià)而計(jì)算出來(lái)的利潤(rùn)，因?yàn)樯唐窙](méi)有出手，利潤(rùn)尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)。

　　Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation.

　　因?yàn)樵u(píng)估了公司的所有的資產(chǎn)，去年杰克的生意才有紙上盈利。

　　143.paradigm shift ：改組

　　A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.

　　公司總裁通知公司上下將有重大變化時(shí)所用的詞。

　　The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.

　　一家大型軟件生產(chǎn)商的總裁今天宣布要對(duì)其管理人員進(jìn)行改組。

　　144.Peter Principle ：彼得原則

　　A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.

　　一種認(rèn)為在等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的公司里，每個(gè)職員都想升到其無(wú)法勝任的位置的說(shuō)法。

　　The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force.

　　在美國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力大軍里，�？陕�(tīng)到”彼得原則”這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

　　145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸

　　Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer.

　　公司為挫敗敵意兼并所采取的各式各樣的方法，如發(fā)行新股票，為雇員制定慷慨的福利計(jì)劃。這會(huì)使?jié)撛诘募娌⒄吒械酱鷥r(jià)昂貴而放棄兼并。

　146.power lunch ：事務(wù)餐

　　A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.

　　在工作午餐上，忙于緊張的交易和談判而顧不上吃飯。

　　We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.

　　今天下午我們?cè)谑聞?wù)餐上討論了公司合并的可能性。

　　147.productivity ：生產(chǎn)力

　　A measure of ability to produce output from given input

　　一定投入得到產(chǎn)出的能力的衡量尺度。

　　Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last.

　　XYZ公司本月的生產(chǎn)比上月略有提高。

　　148.quality control ：質(zhì)量管理

　　Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.

　　采用技術(shù)以消除次品，或提高經(jīng)營(yíng)水平。

　　No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.

　　任何一家公司要想在新的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，就不得不重視質(zhì)量管理。

　　149.raw goods ：原材料商品

　　Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.

　　源于自然，收購(gòu)來(lái)用于生產(chǎn)的原始材料。

　　Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and less valuable.

　　知識(shí)和信息正成為公司最有價(jià)值的資產(chǎn)，而原材料商品的價(jià)值越來(lái)越低。

　　150.recession ：衰退

　　A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.

　　國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)在至少6個(gè)月的時(shí)間里沒(méi)有任何增長(zhǎng)。

　　A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.

　　衰退的特點(diǎn)是需求下降，失業(yè)增加，國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值減少。

　　151.recovery ：復(fù)蘇

　　An increase in business activity following a recession or depression.

　　在經(jīng)歷衰退或蕭條之后出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的增加。

　　Economists often disagree on whether the U.S. is in a recovery or not.

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)是否已經(jīng)復(fù)蘇看法不一。

　　152.sanction ：制載

　　Coercive economic restrictions placed on one nation by another.

　　一國(guó)施加給另一國(guó)的強(qiáng)制性經(jīng)濟(jì)限制。

　　The two superpowers are currently negotiating trade sanctions.

　　兩個(gè)超級(jí)大國(guó)目前正就貿(mào)易制載進(jìn)行談判。

　　153.service economy ：服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)

　　An economy that emphasizes services over industrial production.

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)服務(wù)甚于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)。

　　You can enjoy almost anything you want in today’s service economy.

　　在今天的服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，你可以享受到幾乎任何形式的服務(wù)。

　　154.slump ：疲軟

　　A decline in business activity.

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的減少。

　　The car industry has been in a slump since the beginning of the year.

　　汽車(chē)工業(yè)從年初起就一直疲軟。

　　155.smokestack industry ：濃煙工業(yè)

　　A term that refers to heavy manufacturing, such as steel or automobile manufacturing.

　　指重工業(yè)，如鋼鐵和汽車(chē)制造業(yè)。

　　Information and entertainment is replacing the smokestack industry as the new major methods of creating wealth in the economy.

　　信息和娛樂(lè)業(yè)正代替濃煙工業(yè)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)中充當(dāng)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的新型手段。

　　156.socioeconomic ：社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的

　　A term used to describe the connection of social and economic factors.

　　用以描述社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的聯(lián)系。

　　The study of socioeconomic factors is important in order to understand various groups within society.

　　要了解社會(huì)的各個(gè)群體，必須研究社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的種種因素。

　　157.stagflation ：滯脹

　　A term that combines inflation and stagnation. A condition when inflation and high unemployment occurring together.

　　“通脹”和”停滯”結(jié)合而成的術(shù)語(yǔ)，指通貨膨脹與高失業(yè)率并存的局面。

　　Stagflation is a very unpopular buzz word in the business world.

　　滯脹是商界不受歡迎的時(shí)髦詞語(yǔ)。

　　158.stock exchange ：股票交易所

　　A market where securities are traded, such as the New York Stock Exchange.

　　進(jìn)行證券交易的市場(chǎng)，如紐約股票交易所。

　　My friends works at the New York Stock Exchange.

　　我的朋友在紐約股票交易所工作。

　　159.stock market ：(1)股市;(2)股市行情

　　A market in which stocks are bought and sold.

　　股票買(mǎi)賣(mài)的地方。

　　The general condition of the sale of securities in a corporation.

　　一家公司的證券銷(xiāo)售情況。

　　The Wall Street Journal gives a daily report of the stock market.

　　《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》每天報(bào)告股市行情。

　　160.supply and demand ：供需

　　A basic economic law stating that as the price of a good increase, suppliers will be willing to produce more but consumers will demand less, so that price and quantity are both interrelated.

　　一條經(jīng)濟(jì)基本法則，即商品價(jià)格上漲時(shí)，生產(chǎn)商愿意擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)，但消費(fèi)者的需求下降，這樣價(jià)格和數(shù)量相互制約。

　　All products must follow the laws of supply and demand.

　　所有的產(chǎn)品都必須遵守供求法則。

　161.surplus ：過(guò)剩

　　A situation in which the supply of goods exceeds the demand, esp. at a given price.

　　特別是以一定價(jià)格銷(xiāo)售的商品的供應(yīng)超過(guò)需求的狀況。

　　Smart consumers try to purchase items that are in surplus in order to get more for the same money.

　　精明的消費(fèi)者在商品過(guò)剩時(shí)購(gòu)買(mǎi)，以便用同樣的錢(qián)購(gòu)買(mǎi)更多的商品。

　　162.tax shelter ： 減免所得稅

　　An investment in certain business, activities, etc. that legally entitles the investor to avoid, reduce, or defer income taxes.

　　在某些行業(yè)、活動(dòng)等方面的投資，投資者合法地享受減、免或緩交所得稅。

　　Some business use tax shelters in an effort to reduce or defer their income tax.

　　一些公司采取合法減免所得稅的手段來(lái)減少或遲交所得稅。

　　163.tech angst ： 技術(shù)顧慮

　　(A combination of “technological” and “anxiety”.) The fear of automation among consumers.

　　“technological”(技術(shù)的)和 “anxiety”(擔(dān)心)的合成詞。顧客對(duì)自動(dòng)化產(chǎn)生的擔(dān)心。

　　The tech angst of many people makes them reluctant to put their trust in automated teller machines.

　　許多人有技術(shù)顧慮，因而不愿使用自動(dòng)提款機(jī)。

　　164.technological monopoly ： 技術(shù)壟斷

　　A condition in which a company has exclusive rights to a patented product or process.

　　一公司對(duì)專(zhuān)利產(chǎn)品或制作方法享有專(zhuān)屬權(quán)的狀況。

　　AT & T has a technological monopoly over a number of products and processes in the communications world.

　　在通訊領(lǐng)域中，美國(guó)電話(huà)電報(bào)公司在一些產(chǎn)品和方法 享有技術(shù)壟斷。

　　165.trade barriers ： 貿(mào)易壁壘

　　Tariffs, quotas, and other regulations used by one country to discourage the importation of certain goods.

　　一個(gè)國(guó)家為阻礙某些產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口所采用的關(guān)稅、配額和其他規(guī)定。

　　The U.S. is poised to eliminate trade barriers with Mexico and other neighboring countries.

　　美國(guó)準(zhǔn)備減少同墨西哥及其他鄰近國(guó)家的貿(mào)易壁壘。

　　166.trade deficit ： 貿(mào)易赤字

　　An imbalance in which a nation’s imports exceed its exports.

　　一國(guó)進(jìn)口超過(guò)其出口的不平衡狀況。

　　No nation wants to run a continuous trade deficit with other countries.

　　沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家愿意自己同他國(guó)的貿(mào)易處于持續(xù)的赤字狀態(tài)。

　　167.trade imbalance ： 貿(mào)易不平衡

　　A condition in which a nation’s exports and imports and imports are not equal.

　　一國(guó)的出口和進(jìn)口不持平的狀況。

　　The subject of trade imbalance is an ongoing debate between the U.S. and Japan.

　　貿(mào)易不平衡是美日兩國(guó)間長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)論的話(huà)題。

　　168.trickle-down economics ： 滴入式經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

　　A theory that government financial incentives to big business will eventually benefit smaller businesses and general public.

　　一種經(jīng)濟(jì)理論，認(rèn)為政府對(duì)大企業(yè)的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼最終使小企業(yè)和大眾受益。

　　President Bill Clinton dose not believe that trickle-down economics works for the benefit of the nation.

　　克林頓總統(tǒng)不相信滴入式經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)有益于國(guó)家。

　　169.trust ： 托拉斯

　　Several companies acting together to control production, pricing, and distribution of a product.

　　幾家公司聯(lián)合行動(dòng)以控制一種新產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)、定價(jià)和銷(xiāo)售。

　　The government has anti=trust laws that regulate against companies forming trusts in order to control product prices and distribution.

　　政府有反托拉斯法，反對(duì)公司組成意在控制產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和銷(xiāo)售的托拉斯。

　　170.upward mobility ： 往上晉升

　　The movement of an individual to ever higher levels of responsibility in a company.

　　一個(gè)人在公司里上升到承擔(dān)相應(yīng)責(zé)任的較高職位。

　　It was no surprise to the other workers that the boss’s nephew enjoined such a great degree of upward mobility.

　　老板的侄子往上晉升如此之快，其他工人并不感意外。

　　171.white knight ： 公司的救星

　　A business that prevents a hostile takeover of another company by offering better terms.

　　一公司通過(guò)提出更優(yōu)厚的條件來(lái)阻止另一公司被他人敵意兼并。

　　One of our affiliates acted as a white knight on our behalf and saved us from being the victims of a hostile takeover.

　　我們的一家分公司充當(dāng)了我們公司的救星，使我們免遭敵意兼并。

　　計(jì)算機(jī)·Computer

　　172.abort ：異常中止

　　To cancel or end a program or procedure while it is in progress.

　　取消或終止正在運(yùn)行的程序或過(guò)程

　　We decided to abort the program.

　　我們決定中止這項(xiàng)程序。

　　173.access ：訪問(wèn)，存取

　　The locating and/or obtaining of desired data.

　　查找和/或獲取所需數(shù)據(jù)

　　Only authorized personnel can access these computer files.

　　只有經(jīng)過(guò)授權(quán)的人才可以訪問(wèn)這些計(jì)算機(jī)文件。

　　174.artificial intelligence (AI) ：人工智能

　　The branch of computer science that deals with using computers to simulate human thinking and to perform functions normally associated with human intelligence.

　　計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的一個(gè)分支，研究如何使用電腦模仿人的思維，并執(zhí)行一些通常與人類(lèi)智能有關(guān)的功能。

　　Artificial intelligence has been the focus of much hype since the early 1980s and is widely expected to be achieved in the 21st century.

　　自從80年代初以來(lái)，人工智能一直被大量宣傳。人們普遍認(rèn)為在21世紀(jì)人工智能將獲得成功。

　　175.backup copy ：備份

　　A copy of a current file made in order to protect against loss or damage.

　　為防止當(dāng)前文件的丟失或損壞而另存儲(chǔ)的一份。

　　Did you make a backup copy of that file?

　　那份文件你有備份吧?

　　176.batch ：批(處理)

　　A group of records or transactions that can be processed together.

　　可以一塊處理的一組記錄或事務(wù)。

　　I've gotta finish this batch by tomorrow.

　　明天之前我必須做完這批處理。

　　177.boot (up) ：?jiǎn)��?dòng)

　　To start up a computer, making it ready to operate.

　　打開(kāi)電腦使之可以運(yùn)行。

　　Just a minute, I'm waiting for my computer to boot up.

　　等會(huì)兒，我正等我的電腦啟動(dòng)起來(lái)。

　　178.bug ：錯(cuò)誤，故障

　　A mistake or malfunction that can occur in a computer program.

　　電腦程序可能出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤或故障。

　　For some reason, we've been experiencing some bugs in this particular program.

　　不知什么原因，這個(gè)特定程序總有錯(cuò)誤。

　　179.canned software ：軟件包

　　Programs prepared by computer manufacturers that are in ready to use form and can used by many business and individuals.

　　由電腦生產(chǎn)商準(zhǔn)備好的可供公司或個(gè)人即買(mǎi)即用的程序。

　　WordPefect 6.0 is one of the newest items of canned software on the market.

　　WordPefect6.0是市場(chǎng)上銷(xiāo)售的軟件包中最新的一款軟件。

　　180.character ：字符

　　Any symbol, digit, letter, etc. that is stored or processed by a computer.

　　由電腦存儲(chǔ)、處理的任何符號(hào)、數(shù)字、字母等。

　　An optical scanner can actually read characters and transfer them to the monitor screen of a computer.

　　光學(xué)掃描儀能讀出字符，并將其轉(zhuǎn)換到電腦顯示屏上。

　　181.clones ：克隆，仿制品

　　A term used to describe a product that is a copy of another one, such as a computer clone.

　　指以其他產(chǎn)品為范本復(fù)制出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品。

　　In the new global economy, there are dozens of computer clones on the market.

　　在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的今天，市場(chǎng)上有幾十種電腦仿制品。

　　182.coding ：編碼

　　The writing of a list of computer instructions causing it to perform specific functions and operations.

　　編寫(xiě)一系列計(jì)算機(jī)的指令，使之執(zhí)行特定功能和操作。

　　We are currently recoding all the computers in our office.

　　我們現(xiàn)在正為辦公室的所有計(jì)算機(jī)重新編碼。

　183.computerese ：計(jì)算機(jī)行話(huà)

　　Slang for computer jargon.

　　計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的俚稱(chēng)。

　　Are you fluent in computerese?

　　你對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)行話(huà)熟悉嗎?

　　184.computernik ：計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)家，計(jì)算機(jī)迷

　　Slang for a person who spends a lot of time using computers.

　　俚語(yǔ)，指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用電腦的人。

　　John hangs around with all the computernik.

　　約翰同許多計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)專(zhuān)家有來(lái)往。

　　185.crash ： (系統(tǒng))崩潰

　　A system shutdown caused by a hardware or software malfunction.

　　由硬件、軟件故障導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的關(guān)閉。

　　Our system just crashed.

　　我們的系統(tǒng)剛才崩潰了。

　　186.data leakage ： 數(shù)據(jù)丟失

　　The illegal removal of data from a computer.

　　非法移動(dòng)電腦中的數(shù)據(jù)。

　　We’ve had no data leakage problems since we’ve installed our new security program.

　　自從安裝新的保密程序后，我們的電腦沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)丟失的問(wèn)題。

　　187.dot matrix ： 點(diǎn)陣(打印)

　　Forming letters or characters from dots, as opposed to type.

　　通過(guò)輸出點(diǎn)來(lái)形成字母或字符，這和(傳統(tǒng)的)打字相反。

　　Dot matrix printers are being phased out and replaced by printers that can produce clean type.

　　點(diǎn)陣式打印機(jī)正被淘汰，并為高清晰度打印機(jī)所取代。

　　188.downtime ： 故障停機(jī)時(shí)間

　　The length of time a computer is “down” because of a malfunction.

　　由于故障而使電腦停機(jī)的時(shí)間。

　　Sorry, you’ll have to come back later – the computers are down.

　　抱歉，你待等會(huì)兒再來(lái)，我們的電腦出故障了。

　　How much downtime did we log last month?

　　我們上個(gè)月的故障停機(jī)時(shí)間有多長(zhǎng)?

　　189.info highway ： 信息高速公路

　　The flow of TV and cable channels that will allow individuals to access a revolutionary variety of entertainment, news, communications, home-shopping, etc.

　　電視和電訊通道的信息傳輸，這些信息通道讓個(gè)人獲得大量的娛樂(lè)、新聞、通訊服務(wù)和在家購(gòu)物等，其種類(lèi)令人目不暇接。

　　Time Magazine featured a cover devoted to the new info highway in early 1993.

　　1993年初，《時(shí)代周刊》刊載了一篇封面文章，專(zhuān)門(mén)介紹信息高速公路。

　　190.infomaion overload ： 信息充塞

　　A condition characterized by an excess of messages demanding attention, which leads to confusion and a loss of efficiency.

　　需要關(guān)注的信息內(nèi)容過(guò)多的狀況，這種狀況導(dǎo)致混亂和效率的降低。

　　Most of us are suffering from information overload in the 1990s.

　　在90年代我們大多數(shù)人都受害于信息充塞。

　　191.information revolution ：信息革命

　　A condition characterized by an excess of message demanding attention, which leads to confusion and a loss of efficiency.

　　需要關(guān)注的信息內(nèi)容過(guò)多的狀況，這種狀況導(dǎo)致混亂和效率的降低。

　　192.ink-jet printer ：噴墨打印機(jī)

　　An output device that prints by spraying a thin stream of ink onto the paper.

　　一種通過(guò)噴射細(xì)墨水流到紙上的打印裝置。

　　What brand of ink-jet printer do you use?

　　你用的是什么牌子的噴墨打印機(jī)?

　　193.knowledge engineering ：知識(shí)工程學(xué)

　　The scientific study of integrating knowledge into computer systems to solve complex problems that would usually require human expertise.

　　一科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，主要研究如何將知識(shí)合成到電腦系統(tǒng)中以解決通常需要專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)才能解決的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。

　　The next generation of computers will integrate knowledge engineering into their programming in order to solve complex problems in a way that more closely resembles human reasoning.

　　下一代計(jì)算機(jī)將會(huì)把知識(shí)工程學(xué)融合到其程序中，以便用一種近似人類(lèi)思維的方法來(lái)解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。

　　194.pixel ：象素

　　The smallest display picture element on a video display screen.

　　在顯示屏上所顯示圖像的最小顯示元素。

　　The display screen of a computer contains thousands of tiny pixels that convey the images on the computer screen.

　　電腦顯示屏上有千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)個(gè)象素，這些元構(gòu)成了屏幕上的圖像。

　　195.software piracy ：軟件盜版

　　The duplication of commercial software without permission from the developer.

　　未經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)商許可復(fù)制商業(yè)軟件的侵權(quán)行為。

　　The XYZ company used international lawyers to prosecute a crime ring involving software piracy in Taiwan.

　　某某公司聘請(qǐng)國(guó)際律師起訴臺(tái)灣的一個(gè)涉嫌軟件盜版的犯罪團(tuán)伙。

　　196.superconductor ：超導(dǎo)體

　　Material that has almost no resistance to the flow of electricity.

　　對(duì)電流幾乎沒(méi)有阻力的材料。

　　The new technology of superconductors has advanced the world of communications by allowing more information to be sent in a much faster manner.

　　超導(dǎo)體技術(shù)可以使更多的信息以快得多的速度傳輸，從而促進(jìn)了通信業(yè)的發(fā)展。

　　197.telecommuting ：居家辦公，遠(yuǎn)程上班

　　Working at home and using a computer to communicate and interact with the office.

　　使用電腦同辦公室保持通訊聯(lián)絡(luò)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在家辦公。

　　More and more people are now telecommuting one or more days a week as opposed to going to the office everyday.

　　與以前每天去辦公室上班不同，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人每周一天或幾天在家辦公。

　　198.touch screen ：觸摸屏

　　A computer that can be given commands by touching its display screen in the appropriate locations.

　　一種電腦的屏幕，使用者可以觸摸其適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢枚鴮?duì)電腦發(fā)出指令。

　　Some restaurants have provided touch screen computers to enable their customers to order food via the computer without to tell someone.

　　199.user-friendly ：方便用戶(hù)的

　　Hardware or software that is designed to help people become familiar with their computer by simple, easy-to-follow instructions.

　　電腦生產(chǎn)廠商所設(shè)計(jì)的一些硬件和軟件，可讓用戶(hù)通過(guò)一些簡(jiǎn)單易學(xué)的指令來(lái)熟悉其電腦。

　　Computers must be user-friendly in order to be accepted by the public.

　　要讓公眾接受，電腦必須讓用戶(hù)感到方便。

　　200.Virus ：病毒

　　Coded directions in software that can erase or replace files and operating software in a computer. A computer virus can sit undetected in a computer until it's automatically activated, as when computer's clock strikes a certain date.

　　軟件中的密碼指令，它可刪除、轉(zhuǎn)換電腦中的文件以及操作軟件。電腦病毒會(huì)隱藏在電腦中不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)電腦時(shí)鐘指向某一日期它會(huì)被自動(dòng)激活。

　犯罪 · Crime

　　201.accomplice ： 同案犯

　　Any person who takes part in a crime.

　　參與犯罪的每個(gè)人。

　　Tony was found to be an accomplice in the crime.

　　人們發(fā)現(xiàn)托尼是該案的同案犯。

　　202.adult business district ： 紅燈區(qū)

　　A neighborhood zoned for pornographic bookstores and movie theaters, striptease bars, etc.

　　劃定的街區(qū)，作為開(kāi)設(shè)色情書(shū)店、影院、脫衣舞場(chǎng)等的場(chǎng)所。

　　Police are constantly arresting people over in the adult business district.

　　警察常在紅燈區(qū)拘捕人犯。

　　203.agricrime ： 農(nóng)業(yè)犯罪

　　Sort for agricultural crime. The theft of crops and /or farm equipment.

　　“agricultural crime”的縮寫(xiě)詞，偷盜莊稼和/或農(nóng)場(chǎng)設(shè)備的犯罪。

　　Farmers are losing thousands of dollars each year due to agricrime.

　　每年農(nóng)業(yè)犯罪給農(nóng)場(chǎng)主造成了成千上萬(wàn)美元的損失。

　　204.armed robbery ：武裝搶劫

　　The act of using a deadly weapon when raking or attempting to take property form another person or party.

　　奪取或試圖奪取他人或他方財(cái)物時(shí)使用致命武器的犯罪行為。

　　Did you read about the armed robbery in this morning’s paper?

　　今早的報(bào)紙上報(bào)道了這次武裝搶劫，你讀了嗎?

　　205.arrest warrant ： 逮捕證

　　A document that orders the arrest of an individual who has been accused with a crime.

　　對(duì)被指控犯罪的某人實(shí)施搜捕的文件。

　　The court issued an arrest warrant on the suspect.

　　法庭對(duì)這個(gè)嫌疑人發(fā)出了逮捕證。

　　206.arson ： 縱火

　　The crime of intentionally destroying property by the use of fire.

　　故意放火毀壞財(cái)產(chǎn)的犯罪。

　　Police think the fire that burned down the old warehouse was an act of arson.

　　警察懷疑這座倉(cāng)庫(kù)的大火是縱火行為所致。

　　207.assassin ： 暗殺

　　A murderer. A person who sets out to kill someone, esp. a prominent person.

　　謀殺者。密謀殺害他人，特別是一位杰出人物的兇手。

　　Police are still looking for the assassin of the president candidate.

　　警方仍在追查暗殺總統(tǒng)候選人的兇手。

　　208.assault ： 襲擊

　　The act of attempting or threatening to harm another person.

　　試圖傷害或威脅要傷害他人的行為。

　　Mr. Green was assaulted while he was walking on 25th street.

　　格林先生在第25大街行走的時(shí)候受到襲擊。

　　209.attack dog ： 攻擊犬

　　A canine dog that has been trained to attack burglars, etc.

　　一種經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練的狼犬，用來(lái)攻擊竊賊等。

　　The officer’s attack dog has saved his life many times.

　　這位警察的攻擊犬多次救了主人的命。

　　210.back-alley butcher ： 卑鄙的屠夫

　　Slang for abortionist.

　　俚語(yǔ)，給人施行流產(chǎn)手術(shù)的人。

　　Demonstrators picked an abortion clinic with signs that said “back-alley” butcher.

　　示威者將一家流產(chǎn)診所用標(biāo)語(yǔ)牌圍起來(lái)，牌子上寫(xiě)著”卑鄙的屠夫”。

　　211.bail ： 保釋金

　　Money that is deposited with a court in order to secure the release of a defendant while awaiting trial.

　　存放在法庭的一定數(shù)量的保證金，以使被告在候?qū)徠陂g獲得釋放。

　　Frank’s wife came down to the police station to bail him out.

　　弗蘭克的妻子到警察局將他保釋出來(lái)。

　　212.ballistics ： 彈道學(xué)

　　The science of firearms and the study of the motion of bullets.

　　研究火器及子彈運(yùn)動(dòng)的科學(xué)。

　　A ballistics expert was taking evidence at the scene of the crime.

　　一位彈道學(xué)家正在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提取證據(jù)。

　　213.blackmail ： 敲詐，勒索

　　The act of threatening to reveal personal information, esp. sexual scandals, in order to extract money.

　　以揭露隱私特別是性丑聞為威脅手段以謀取錢(qián)財(cái)?shù)男袨椤?/p>

　　Linda was involved in a blackmail scandal of the mayor.

　　林達(dá)涉嫌敲詐市長(zhǎng)的丑聞。

　　214.black market ： 黑市

　　A market place where illegal or hard-to-get items are sold or where money is illegal exchanged.

　　非法或緊俏物資的銷(xiāo)售點(diǎn)，或者非法換匯的地方。

　　Gangs are buying assault weapons on the black market.

　　黑幫總在黑市購(gòu)買(mǎi)攻擊性武器。

　　215.blood money ： 血腥錢(qián)

　　Money that is paid as retribution for injury, loss of life, vandalism, etc.

　　為他人受傷、喪命、損壞財(cái)產(chǎn)而付出的酬金。

　　The mafia paid blood money to have that man killed.

　　黑手黨拿出血腥錢(qián)將那人殺了。

　216.body bag ： 裝尸袋

　　A heavy-duty bag that is used to contain a corpse.

　　一種結(jié)實(shí)的用來(lái)裝運(yùn)尸體的袋子。

　　The officer warmed the man to drop his gun or “end up in a body bag.”

　　警察警告那人放下武器，否則必死無(wú)疑。

　　217.bomb squad ： 爆破小組

　　A team of police who are specially-trained to remove and deactivate bombs.

　　經(jīng)專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練，從事排除和拆卸炸彈的一支警察隊(duì)伍。

　　The bomb squad was called in to deactivate the car bomb.

　　有關(guān)部門(mén)請(qǐng)來(lái)爆破小組拆除這枚汽車(chē)炸彈。

　　218.bootlegging ： 販賣(mài)違禁品

　　The illegal distribution of items such as alcohol, drugs, firearms, etc.

　　非法銷(xiāo)售物品如酒類(lèi)、毒品、槍支等。

　　Three Mexicans were arrested for bootlegging firearms across the border.

　　三名墨西哥人因越境販賣(mài)槍支而被捕。

　　219.break-in ： 非法闖入

　　A burglar

　　入室盜竊

　　It looks like you are the victim of a break-in.

　　看起來(lái)，你是入室盜竊的受害者。

　　220.bribery ： 行賄受賄

　　The act of offering, giving, or taking bribes.

　　贈(zèng)送，提供，或接受賄金的行為。

　　The congressman resigned after having been found guilty of bribery.

　　這位議員被證實(shí)犯有行賄受賄罪后辭職了。

　　221.bucket shop ： 投機(jī)商號(hào)

　　(Also called “telephone boiler room.”) An office that is used to promote worthless land or securities by mail or through telemarketing.

　　(也被稱(chēng)為”電話(huà)交易所”)通過(guò)郵件或電話(huà)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)來(lái)推銷(xiāo)荒地或垃圾證券的地點(diǎn)。

　　Crooks across the country are using bucket shops to scam older people.

　　全國(guó)各地的騙子都利用投機(jī)商號(hào)來(lái)欺騙老年人。

　　222.bug ： 竊聽(tīng)

　　To use electronic listening devices to listen in on the conversations of others.

　　使用電子收聽(tīng)裝置來(lái)偷聽(tīng)他人的談話(huà)。

　　This office has been bugged.

　　這間辦公室已被竊聽(tīng)。

　　223.bum rap ： 錯(cuò)捕

　　An unmerited arrest

　　不應(yīng)實(shí)施的逮捕。

　　Steve served six months jail time on a bum rap.

　　史迪夫因錯(cuò)捕而受了6個(gè)月的監(jiān)禁。

　　224.burglary ： 入室盜竊

　　The act of breaking into a home, building, etc. with the intent to steal from it.

　　闖入民宅、建筑物等，企圖偷盜的行為。

　　Burglaries in our town have been on the upswing.

　　我們小城里的入室盜竊案一直在上升。

　　225.car bangers ： 汽車(chē)竊賊

　　Thieves who steal form automobiles.

　　從汽車(chē)?yán)锿禆|西的賊。

　　Police caught the car bangers in the act.

　　警方將這些汽車(chē)竊賊當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓獲。

　　226.career criminal ： 職業(yè)罪犯

　　A person who makes a living from crime.

　　以犯罪為生的人。

　　John was a career criminal until the day he got caught in the home of a policeman.

　　約翰是位職業(yè)罪犯，直到一天他在一個(gè)警察家里被抓獲。

　　227.child abuse ： 虐待兒童

　　The physical and verbal mistreatment of children.

　　對(duì)兒童進(jìn)行身體上和言語(yǔ)上的虐待。

　　The most unnerving thing about child abuse is the number of cases that go unreported.

　　有關(guān)虐待兒童方面最讓人不安的事情是大量的此類(lèi)行為沒(méi)有報(bào)道。

　　228.chop shop ： 地下拆車(chē)廠

　　A shop where criminals take apart stolen cars and sell the parts.

　　犯罪分子將所盜汽車(chē)拆成零件并銷(xiāo)售出去的窩點(diǎn)。

　　I watched a news program that tracked chop shops across the country.

　　我收看了一個(gè)追蹤全國(guó)地下拆車(chē)點(diǎn)的電視節(jié)目。

　　229.cocaine ： 可卡因

　　A powerful stimulant drug.

　　一種有強(qiáng)力興奮作用的毒品。

　　What is the street value of a pound of cocaine?

　　一磅可卡因市值多少?

　　230.computer cleaner ： 消除財(cái)務(wù)信息的電腦黑客

　　A person who, for a price, clean computer files of unfavorable financial credit information of others.

　　將反映他人財(cái)物信用赤字的計(jì)算機(jī)文件抹去以獲取報(bào)酬的人員。

　　Computer cleaners cost companies and financial institutions million of dollars every year.

　　消除財(cái)務(wù)信息的電腦黑客每年給公司和金融機(jī)構(gòu)造成百萬(wàn)元計(jì)的損失。

　　231.con artist ： 行騙高手

　　A person who is skilled at convincing others of believing in fraudulent schemes.

　　擅于蒙騙并使人進(jìn)入騙局的人。

　　Bob makes his living as a con artist.

　　鮑勃是位行騙高手，并以行騙為生。

　　232.con game ： 騸局

　　Any fraudulent scheme

　　任何騙人的把戲。

　　My grandparents got burned in a con game.

　　我的祖父母曾上過(guò)騙子的當(dāng)。

　233.convict ： 囚犯

　　A person found guilty of a felony and confined in a prison.

　　被判有重罪并羈于獄中的人。

　　Mr. Welch is an ex-convict.

　　韋爾奇先生從前是囚犯。

　　234.counterfeit ： 偽造

　　To illegally reproduce a copy of money, postage stamps, bonds, etc.

　　非法印造錢(qián)幣、郵票、證券等。

　　Police busted up a counterfeiting racket in Miami last week.

　　上周警方搗毀了邁阿密的一個(gè)偽造團(tuán)伙。

　　235.credit-card fraud ： 信用卡欺詐

　　The attempted use of a credit to obtain goods or services with the intention of avoiding payment.

　　企圖使用信用卡獲取貨物或服務(wù)，并故意逃避付款。

　　That woman is wanted in 5 states for credit-card fraud.

　　那位婦女因信用卡欺詐而被5個(gè)州通緝。

　　236.crime of passion ： 激情犯罪;沖動(dòng)犯罪

　　Murder that resulted form the infidelity of a lover; Murder committed in the heat of rage.

　　由于情人的不忠而導(dǎo)致的謀殺;暴怒驅(qū)使的殺人行為。

　　Crimes of passion seem to be popular material for TV infotainment programs.

　　沖動(dòng)殺人似乎是娛樂(lè)性新聞節(jié)目受歡迎的題材。

　　237.Crime rate ： 犯罪率

　　The number of reported crimes per specified number of the population.

　　每一定人數(shù)中發(fā)生的犯罪數(shù)量。

　　Which state has the highest crime rate in the U.S.?

　　在美國(guó)，哪個(gè)州的犯罪率最高?

　　238.criminal ： 犯罪

　　A person who has violated a criminal law.

　　觸犯刑法的人。

　　We are placing your son in criminal detention.

　　我們對(duì)你兒子實(shí)行刑事拘留。

　　239.date rape ： 約會(huì)強(qiáng)奸

　　A rape that is committed by a woman’s date.

　　由女性的約會(huì)對(duì)象實(shí)施的強(qiáng)奸。

　　Date rape is the last thing that a young girl should have to worry about.

　　約會(huì)強(qiáng)奸是年輕女子最不用害怕的事。

　　240.deadly weapon ： 致命武器

　　Any object, or instrument that is capable of being used to kill.

　　任何可以用以殺人致命的物體、器具。

　　It is against the law to carry a concealed deadly weapon.

　　秘密攜帶致命武器是違法的。

　　241.death penalty ：死刑

　　Punishment by death, that is imposed in a legal manner.

　　以合法的形式剝奪罪犯生命的一種懲罰。

　　Three men have received the death penalty so far this year.

　　今年已有三個(gè)被判死刑。

　　242.death row ： 死囚牢房

　　A cell block reserved for convicts awaiting execution.

　　特別為等待處決的死刑犯設(shè)置的牢房。

　　This convicted killer has been on death row for 15 years.

　　這位被判決死刑的殺人犯住在死囚牢房已15年了。

　　243.defendant ： 被告

　　A person who has been charged with a crime

　　被指控犯有罪行的人。

　　The court found the defendant guilty of murder.

　　法庭判定被告犯有謀殺罪。

　　244.domestic violence ： 家庭暴力

　　Violence toward a family member, including child abuse or wife beating.

　　對(duì)家庭成員施加的暴力，包括虐待兒童和毆打妻子。

　　Domestic violence is one of the most dangerous calls that a law enforcement officer has to make.

　　家庭暴力是執(zhí)法官最難應(yīng)付的案件之一。

　　245.drug abuse ： 吸毒

　　The excessive and compulsive use of drugs to the point of damaging one’s health.

　　強(qiáng)迫性過(guò)量使用毒品，以致?lián)p害身體。

　　It was obvious to see by looking at the needle marks on her arms that the young girl was a victim of drug abuse.

　　從她臂上針扎的痕跡來(lái)看，很明顯，這位年輕女子是吸毒的受害者。

　246.drug king (czar) ： 毒梟

　　The person who controls the production, transportation and selling of drug in an area.

　　控制某一地區(qū)的毒品地區(qū)生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸和銷(xiāo)售的頭號(hào)人物。

　　After two years of using an undercover operation, the FBI finally arrested the Cuban drug king.

　　經(jīng)過(guò)兩年的秘密行動(dòng)，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局終于逮捕了這位古巴毒梟。

　　247.drunk driving ： 酒后駕駛

　　Driving while under the influence of alcohol.

　　在受酒精影響的狀態(tài)下開(kāi)車(chē)。

　　This is your second drunk driving offense this month.

　　這是你本月第二觸犯次酒后駕駛的禁令。

　　248.edp crimes ： 電腦犯罪

　　Electronic data-processing crime; criminal offenses committed using computer technology.

　　在電子數(shù)據(jù)處理方面的犯罪;利用電腦技術(shù)進(jìn)行的犯罪。

　　The IRS investigated hundreds of edp crimes every year.

　　美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)收入局每年都要調(diào)查數(shù)以百計(jì)的電腦犯罪。

　　249.embezzlement ： 貪污

　　The illegal misappropriation of funds entrusted to one’s care.

　　將由自己保管的資金非法據(jù)為已有。

　　We have never had a problem with embezzlement at this bank.

　　我們這家銀行從沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)貪污案件。

　　250.first-degree murder ： 一級(jí)謀殺案

　　Premeditated murder.

　　事先策劃好的謀殺。

　　The man was changed with first-degree murder in the death of his lover’s husband.

　　這位男子其情人的丈夫死亡案中被指控犯有一級(jí)謀殺罪。

　　251.forensic medicine ： 法醫(yī)學(xué)

　　The use of medicine in solving legal problems.

　　利用醫(yī)學(xué)解決法律問(wèn)題。

　　Many crimes could not be solved without using forensic medicine.

　　沒(méi)有法醫(yī)學(xué)，很多犯罪案件無(wú)法結(jié)案。

　　252.forgery ：偽造

　　The act of creating a document, either written or printed, with the intent to defraud. Forgery also covers counterfeiting, or producing fake signatures, works of art, etc.

　　以欺騙為目的而仿制手寫(xiě)或印刷文件的行為。偽造還包括制假錢(qián)幣、仿冒簽名和藝術(shù)品等。

　　253. gamble ： 賭博

　　To bet or wager money on games of chance, races, etc.

　　在概率類(lèi)游戲或比賽中打賭或下注。

　　Burt lost $ 3000 gambling in Las Vegas over the weekend.

　　伯特周末在拉斯維加斯賭博輸了3000美元。

　　254.gang ： 黑幫

　　A group of people organized to achieve some common goal. Gangs are often involved in drugs, violence, money lending, prostitution, etc.

　　為達(dá)到某種共同目的而組織起來(lái)的一群人。黑幫常常涉嫌毒品、暴力、高利貸和賣(mài)淫等。

　　Gangs often have automatic weapons more powerful than the police in many large U.S. cities.

　　在美國(guó)的許多城市里，黑幫常配備有自動(dòng)武器，其火力強(qiáng)于警方。

　　255.hijack ： 劫持

　　To seize control of an airplane, boat, automobile, etc.

　　強(qiáng)行控制飛機(jī)、船只、車(chē)輛等。

　　Terrorist just hijacked a plane to Cuba.

　　恐怖分子剛剛動(dòng)持了一架飛往古巴的飛機(jī)。

　　256.hit-and-run ：肇事逃逸

　　An automobile accident in which the driver fails to stop and identify himself or herself. The term “hit-and-run” may also be applied to such a driver.

　　指一起汽車(chē)事故中，肇事司機(jī)不停車(chē)，且不亮明自己身份。該詞也可以指肇事逃逸司機(jī)。

　　I was a victim of a hit-and-run accident on Monday.

　　周一發(fā)生了一起肇事逃逸案，我是其中的受害者。

　　257.hold-up ： 持槍搶劫

　　The act of robbing someone at gunpoint.

　　持槍相威脅，搶奪他人財(cái)物的行為。

　　There was a hold-up at the bank over on 2nd street.

　　在第二大街的銀行里發(fā)生了一起搶劫案。

　　258.homcide ： 殺人，他殺

　　The act of killing someone.

　　殺死他人的行為。

　　Police are investigating the homicide of a prostitute.

　　警方正在調(diào)查一起妓女被殺案件。

　　259.hot wire ： (汽車(chē))電啟動(dòng)

　　To electrically start a vehicle without using an ignition key.

　　不用點(diǎn)火鑰匙而用電來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)汽車(chē)。

　　Seasoned crooks can hot wire a car in seconds.

　　手段高明的竊賊可在幾秒鐘內(nèi)用電啟動(dòng)來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)汽車(chē)。

　　260.impulse crime ： 沖動(dòng)犯罪

　　Crimes such as shoplifting, raping, vandalizing, etc. that are done on an impulse.

　　在沖動(dòng)之下所犯的罪行，如商店扒竊、強(qiáng)奸、損壞公物等。

　　261.juvenile delinquency ： 青少年犯罪

　　Criminal behavior by adolescents and children.

　　少年和兒童的犯罪行為。

　　Some parents aren’t concerned about juvenile delinquency.

　　一些家長(zhǎng)對(duì)青少年犯罪漠不關(guān)心。

　　262.labor racketeering ： 工會(huì)詐騙

　　Corrupt practices and organized crime that involve organized labor.

　　涉及工會(huì)的腐敗行為和團(tuán)伙犯罪。

　　The New York union leader was convicted of labor racketeering.

　　紐約的工會(huì)領(lǐng)袖被判有工會(huì)詐騙罪。

　　263.larceny ： 偷盜

　　The stealing of another person’s property.

　　偷取別人財(cái)產(chǎn)的行為。

　　Have you over been arrested for larceny?

　　你有偷盜被捕的經(jīng)歷嗎?

　　264.libel ： 文字誹謗

　　Written defamation.

　　以文字材料來(lái)詆毀他人名聲的行為。

　　The famous actress is suing the tabloids for libel.

　　這位知名的女演員正以誹謗罪起訴數(shù)家通俗小報(bào)。

　　265.Mafia ： 黑手黨

　　A secret society that originated in Italy in the 1860’s. The Mafia now widespread, and is focused on power and profit.

　　19世紀(jì)60年代起源于意大利的秘密團(tuán)體。現(xiàn)在黑手黨勢(shì)力廣為分布，專(zhuān)門(mén)從事擴(kuò)張勢(shì)力、牟取錢(qián)財(cái)。

　　The “Godfather” is a story about the powerful mafia families in New York.

　　電影《教父》就是有關(guān)紐約黑手黨的豪門(mén)大戶(hù)的故事。

　　266.mail fraud ： 郵政詐騙

　　The using of the mail system to defraud the public.

　　利用郵政系統(tǒng)詐騙公眾的行為。

　　That mail-order company has been convicted of mail fraud.

　　那家郵購(gòu)公司被判有郵政詐騙罪。

　　267.manhunt ： 追捕

　　An organized search to catch a criminal or an escapee.

　　有組織的追蹤、捉拿囚犯、逃犯。

　　Police have organized a manhunt to capture the escaped convict.

　　警方組織了一次追捕以抓獲那名逃犯。

　　268.mass murderer ： 謀殺多人的兇手

　　A murderer who kills many people.

　　多條命案的謀殺者;連環(huán)殺手。

　　More and more mass murderers are popping up in the news these days.

　　這些天來(lái)，新聞里不斷報(bào)道謀殺多人的兇手。

　　269.money laundering ： 洗錢(qián)

　　The act of concealing the source of funds for the purpose of tax evasion and fraud.

　　為達(dá)到逃稅和欺騙的目的而隱瞞資金來(lái)源的行為。

　　This restaurant is just a front for money laundering.

　　這家餐館僅僅是洗錢(qián)的掩護(hù)所。

　　270.mule ： 挾帶毒品者，販運(yùn)私貨的人

　　A person used to transport drugs or contraband from one place to another.

　　被用來(lái)從一地到另一地運(yùn)送毒品或違禁品的人。

　　Security officials in airports are finding an astounding number of people who are being used as mules.

　　機(jī)場(chǎng)的安檢人員發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)目十分龐大的旅客充當(dāng)販運(yùn)私貨的人。

　　271.organized crime ： 集團(tuán)犯罪

　　A term used to describe underworld societies such as the Mafia who deal in crimes such as gambling, narcotics, and prostitution.

　　黑手黨之類(lèi)的黑社會(huì)組織所進(jìn)行的犯罪，如賭博、販毒、賣(mài)淫等活動(dòng)。

　　This company is associated with an east-coast organized syndicate.

　　這家公司同東海岸的一個(gè)犯罪集團(tuán)有聯(lián)系。

　　272.parole ： 假釋

　　A conditional release of an offender from confinement before the expiration of his or her sentence. The offender is usually placed under the guidance of a parole officer.

　　囚犯在服刑期滿(mǎn)前有條件地釋放出來(lái)，但必須置 于假釋官的督導(dǎo)之下。

　　The victim’s family is nervous that the offender is up for parole.

　　受害者家屬很緊張，因?yàn)樽锓讣磳�獲得假釋。

　　273.penitentiary ： 監(jiān)獄，勞改所

　　A maximum-security facility designed to detain prisoners serving long sentences.

　　Lee is serving his sentence down at the penitentiary.

　　李正在監(jiān)獄服刑。

　　274.perjury ： 偽證

　　The crime of willingly giving false information while under oath.

　　在法庭上立誓之后故意提供虛假證詞的犯罪行為。

　　If you lie while you are under oath, you can be found guilty of perjury.

　　如果立誓之后還撒謊，你可能被判偽證罪。

　　275.pickpocket ： 扒手

　　A thief who is skilled in stealing items from other people’s pockets.

　　擅于從別人口袋里偷取物品的竊賊。

　　I had my wallet stolen by a pickpocket while I was on the subway.

　　今天乘地鐵時(shí)我的錢(qián)包讓扒手偷了。

　　276.pilice brutality ： 警察暴力

　　The act of using excessive physical force by police or other law enforcement officers.

　　警察或其他執(zhí)法人員過(guò)多使用體罰的行為。

　　The infamous Rodney King beating in L.A. showed the public at how rampant police brutality is.

　　發(fā)生在洛杉磯的不光彩的羅德尼·金毒打案向公眾展示了警察暴行是多少猖狂。

　　277.police corruption ： 警察腐敗

　　The misuse of police power in return for favors of gain.

　　警察濫用權(quán)力以換取好處和利益。

　　The mayor is working to put an end to police corruption in this city.

　　市長(zhǎng)正致力于肅清本市的警察腐敗。

　　278.pornoshop ： 色情商店

　　A shop or bookstore that sells pornographic materials.

　　出售色情物品的商店。

　　The local pornshop has been shut down form selling materials to minors.

　　當(dāng)?shù)氐纳�情商店因向未成年人出售色情物品而被關(guān)閉。

　　279.prison break ： 越獄

　　An escape from prison involving violence by one or more prisoners.

　　一個(gè)或多個(gè)囚犯使用暴力從監(jiān)獄逃跑。

　　Two guards and two inmates were killed in a prison break in Texas, yesterday.

　　昨天在得克薩斯州發(fā)生一起越獄案，兩名衛(wèi)兵和兩名囚犯被殺死。

　　280.property crime ： 財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪

　　Auto theft, burglary, larceny, etc.

　　偷汽車(chē)、入室盜竊、偷盜等。

　　This section of town has been plagued with property crimes.

　　這個(gè)城區(qū)的財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪很猖獗。

　291.serial killer ：系列命案的殺手，連環(huán)殺手

　　A murder who commits a series of killings, usually with distinct similarities in the murders.

　　制造多起命案的兇手，其作案手段通常有明顯相似之處。

　　Doesn't it seems a little inappropriate to put serial killers on trading cards.

　　將系列命案的兇手印在商業(yè)卡片上是不是有些不合適?

　　292.sin tax ：罪孽稅

　　Tax that is imposed on cigarettes, liquor, gambling, etc.

　　對(duì)香煙、精、賭博等開(kāi)征的稅收。

　　Many people complain about the sin tax in Utah.

　　許多人抱怨猶他州過(guò)高的罪孽稅。

　　293.skid row ：貧民街，貧民窟

　　A rundown section of a city characterized by drunkards living on the street.

　　城市的破舊區(qū)域，常見(jiàn)到許多酒鬼露宿街頭。

　　After his divorce, Mike became a drunk down on skid row.

　　離婚之后，邁克爾淪落為貧民街的酒鬼。

　　294.slush fund ：賄金

　　Money that is used to bribe public politicians and other influential officials

　　用來(lái)賄賂知名政客或其他有影響力的官員的資金。

　　Lobbyists use slush fund to bribe public officials.

　　院外集團(tuán)的說(shuō)客用賄金拉攏政府官員。

　　295.statutory rape ：法定強(qiáng)奸罪

　　Sexual intercourse with a female who has consented, but who is legally incapable of consent because she is underage.

　　與未成年女子發(fā)生的性行為，雖經(jīng)其本人同意，但法律規(guī)定其尚未成年，不具備表達(dá)同意意愿的能力。

　　What is the penalty for statutory rape?

　　對(duì)法定強(qiáng)奸罪的懲罰是什么?

　　296.suicide pact ：自殺合約

　　An agreement between two or more persons to commit suicide together.

　　一起自殺的兩者或多者之間的協(xié)定。

　　The whole high school was shocked at the news of the two classmates who killed themselves in a suicide pact.

　　兩個(gè)同班同學(xué)訂立自殺合約并自殺身亡的消息使整個(gè)學(xué)校感到震驚。

　　297.suicide season ：自殺季節(jié)

　　The Christmas season when many lonely people feel isolated and take their own lives.

　　指圣誕節(jié)期間，許多人孤獨(dú)不堪而自殺。

　　December is without question, the suicide season.

　　十二月無(wú)疑是自殺季節(jié)。

　　298.tax evasion ：逃稅

　　The illegal attempt by a taxpayer to avoid paying his or her taxes.

　　納稅人企圖逃避納稅的非法行為。

　　Bill was found guilty of tax evasion and owes the IRS over $60,000 in back taxes.

　　比爾被判逃稅罪，他現(xiàn)在仍欠國(guó)內(nèi)收入局六萬(wàn)多美元的滯納稅金。

　　299.vandalism ：故意毀壞

　　The defacement or destruction of public or private property.

　　損壞或破壞公私財(cái)產(chǎn)的行為。

　　Vandalism is a major problem in inner city schools.

　　故意毀壞財(cái)物的的行為是市內(nèi)學(xué)校的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。

　　300.vice squad ：警察緝捕隊(duì)

　　Plain clothes policeman who work undercover to detect crime.

　　隱蔽調(diào)查犯罪的便衣警察。

　　Sean has been a member of the vice squad for nine years.

　　西恩在緝捕隊(duì)工作已經(jīng)9年了。

　　301.vigilante ：治安維持會(huì)

　　A person or group who takes the responsibility of a law enforcement officer into their won hands.

　　承擔(dān)執(zhí)法人員維持治安責(zé)任的個(gè)人和群體。

　　The subway vigilante in New York was in the media for weeks.

　　紐約地鐵治安維持會(huì)幾周來(lái)受到了媒體的關(guān)注。

　　302.war crime ：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)犯罪

　　Crimes that violate the customs and laws of war.

　　違犯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)法律和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)習(xí)慣的犯罪。

　　The retired officer was found guilty of war crimes when evidence was uncovered during a recent investigation.

　　在最近的一次調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)證明這位退休軍官曾有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)犯罪。

　　303.white-collar crime ：白領(lǐng)犯罪

　　Crimes committed by persons in businesses including expense-account padding, stealing office supplies, price-fixing, product fraud, etc.

　　公司職員的犯罪，包括虛報(bào)開(kāi)支、偷盜辦公用品、私定價(jià)格、產(chǎn)品欺詐等。

　　Businesses are losing millions of dollars, and products are more expensive due to white-collar crime.

　　由于白領(lǐng)犯罪，企業(yè)界每年損失數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元，產(chǎn)品也因之更貴。