一、模考
完整的�？紤摪瑢懽鳎瑖栏癜凑湛荚嚵鞒�，這樣你才能更完整的體會到考試的強度，并通過多次的模考來適應這樣的強度，尤其是閱讀項目。在聽力項目之后，10：35—11：20的45分鐘時間內，要完成一篇選詞填空、兩篇深度閱讀、一篇完形填空和五道中譯英題，這其中的兩項閱讀內容的考察（一篇選詞填空+兩篇深度閱讀）的分值比例占到了25%，尤其是深度閱讀的10道題，每題都達到了驚人的2分�？梢哉f，閱讀項目的拿分情況就決定了最后的考試結果。通常情況下選詞填空的完成時間為6分鐘，每篇深度閱讀的完成時間為9分鐘。通過�？�，你可以認識到自己的做題速度與正確率，能在考試中合理分配時間精力，并且找到自身的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，在最后的復習時間中有針對性的來提升。
二、詞匯
詞匯是閱讀的基礎，經過從開學到11月底這兩個多月的復習，同學們在單詞量上有了一定的積累與提升，在最后的半個月時間中應該做查缺補漏的工作。因為四級考試中的單詞重復率很高，所以在歷年試題中出現過而你卻不認識的單詞最應當受到關注。在近5年的真題中從這三個方位查找自己不認識的單詞重點記背，它們分別是：1.聽力的原文和選項；2.完形填空和選詞填空的選項；3.完形填空和仔細閱讀（不包含快速閱讀）的文章。在四級考試的閱讀文章中會出現3%的超綱詞，而給出中文注釋的只有一兩個，所以無論是在平時的練習中還是在考試中，同學們都不要執(zhí)著于必須要看懂每一個單詞，但一定要把歷年曾經反復考過的重點詞匯掌握，這些詞就已經可以幫助我們讀懂文章了。
三、深度閱讀
僅僅在做完文章之后對一下答案并不能提升水平，在最后的復習時間中應該利用近5年中已經做過的真題進行精細的總結，只有在總結中才能破解出題人的思路，找到自身的問題所在。因此，表面看起來總結是一件費時費力的事情，但卻是最行之有效提升水平的方法。
以下內容將會從閱讀項目�？嫉�3大題型入手來進行講解，同學們可以在總結中來借鑒：
1、主旨題：考察對文章中心思想的把握
標志詞：mainly about、purpose、title
解答主旨題關鍵抓兩點：主題詞、主題句。
主旨題正確選項的特點：包含主題詞，對文章主題句的同義改寫。
(1)主題詞是全文中心討論的事物。綜合全文，尤其是在每個段落的開頭，反復重現的成分，往往是一個名詞或名詞詞組，那就是主題詞。而主旨題的正確選項是會包含主題詞的。
(2)主題句往往在全文開頭出現，通常標志分別為：1全文開頭作者明確下結論、表立場的句子； 2全文開頭引言后的解釋；3全文開頭轉折后的理論觀點；4全文開頭故事背景后引出的第一個理論觀點
例文1：06年1月
“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. 主題句
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done.
Stress that you can manage also boost immune (免疫的) function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory (血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.
Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.
“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity, “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”
1. The passage is mainly about ___A___.
A) the benefits of manageable stress
B) how to cope with stress effectively
C) how to avoid stressful
D) the effect of stress harmonies on memory
分析：綜合各段開頭反復重現的成分既為主題詞，stress，不包含主題詞的優(yōu)先排除，四選項全部包含，轉而查找主題句，文章開頭出現引言，引言后的解釋句中出現several studies suggest明確的結論性表達，引導全文主題的出現，A選項為文章主題句的同義改寫，manageable對應rise to，benefits對應be good for。BC選項都以how to開頭，而原文中并未提出解決方法，因此排除。D選項是針對第3段的細節(jié)信息，不能夠概括全文，因此排除，而且請各位同學注意，D選項幾乎完全照抄原文，像這樣的選項在選之前請先 思考一下，這2分拿得會不會太輕松。近5年內只有06年6月24日的57題以照抄原文的形式作為正確答案，這是非常罕見的。
總結：主旨題正確選項一定包含主題詞，對主題句同義改寫，照抄原文的選項通常不正確。
2、細節(jié)題：考察對文章中重要細節(jié)的把握
標志：題干較長，包含很多細節(jié)信息。
解答細節(jié)題關鍵抓三點：關鍵詞定位、重要考點定位、順序原則。
細節(jié)題正確選項的特點：對原文信息的同義改寫：語言形式對應、含義對應。
(1)關鍵詞定位：利用題干中的信息回到原文中找到答案出處，題干中可作為關鍵詞的信息通常為：1大寫專有名詞（人名、地名）；2數字時間；3引言；4本題干中獨特的名詞或名詞詞組。
(2)考點定位：考點是出題人重點出題的熱點信息，通常為：1四種特殊語言形式：因果、并列、比較、轉折；2數字串、舉例前或后的結論；3結論建議性表達。
(3)順序原則：5道題基本按照順序在原文中尋找答案，但主旨題永遠在文章開頭找答案不參與順序原則。
例文2：06年6月24日
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded – and can come back to haunt (困擾) you – appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.
His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. 1Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. 2Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial 1whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and2whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time – in a instant message or phone call, say – than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脫口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
2.Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that __C__.
A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C) people are most likely to lie in email communication
D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
分析：以題干中的research finding結合surprised回到原文定位，因為是第2題所以按照順序原則在文章中前部的第3段開頭找到His results和surprised的對應。原文中出現some…others的搭配說明有兩類psychologists，分別是email和face-to-face，在四個選項中都沒有同時包含這二者的，那么就看哪個選項正確的表述了其中之一，AD因為說的是instant messages和phone首先被排除，B選項中的unlikely和原文中的lie more相對立，因此排除，C選項中的most likely對應原文中the biggest，是對原文信息的同義改寫，因此正確。
總結：文章三段中大量出現比較和因果考點，如：the biggest、reasoning、because 、easier 、lie more 、most practised，因此本段被考到的幾率非常大。而且在原文中出現最高級biggest的時候，正確選項也同時出現了對應most likely，語言形式對應。注意關注文章中的重要考點，正確答案的語言形式與原文相對應。
3. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication? A
A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.
C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
D) They are most practised at those forms of communication.
分析：以題干中的tell the truth結合因果詞why回到原文定位，因為是第3題所以按照順序原則在文章中部的第4段找到be afraid to lie的對應。原文中定位句的前一句同時出現轉折But、最高級crucial（the most important）考點，這正是答案出現的明確信號。定位的本句說人們 be afraid to lie也就是tell the truth是因為他們得知這個對話日后會hold them to account使得他們承擔責任,這是對本段開頭Hancock所提出的兩個crucial最重要觀點中的1 being recorded的展開解釋，正確答案A選項中的leaving behind traces對應原文中的recorded。B與原文無關，CD選項是3段那兩類psychologists的觀點，而本題問的是According to the passage本文的觀點，也就是實驗的實施人Hancock的觀點，CD選項尤其是D選項的錯誤率很高，大部分錯選CD的同學都是因為審題不明確，并且是在憑借印象做題，而沒有在文章中找尋明確對應。
總結：關注文章中的重要考點，注意同義替換詞的積累，在09年6月的63題中再次考到了用leave traces同義替換原文3段的recorded。重復的內容反復考，因此要求不斷積累正確選項和原文之間的同義替換。
3、語義題：考察根據上下文推斷詞義的能力
標志：題干中包含明確位置，如：(Line 1, Para. 3)。
解答語義題關鍵抓兩點：利用并列平行結構、根據上下文的語義推斷。
語義題錯誤選項的特點：簡單詞的本意。
(1) 簡單詞的本意往往為錯誤選項。
例題4：05年6月
What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para. 3)? C
A) Oil exploitation takes a long time
B) The oil drilling should be delayed
C) Don’t be too optimistic
D) Don’t expect fast returns
分析：題干非常簡單，從字面意思上看與速度和時間有關系，AB中的takes a long time和delayed都是Not so fast的字面意思，D選項更是用fast來解釋Not so fast，因此ABD同時排除，正確答案是C，與簡單的題干的字面意思沒有直接聯(lián)系。
總結：語義題的題干如果很簡單，那么正確答案就與字面意思無關。
(2) 利用并列平行結構
例題5：（對應例文1）
The word “shun” (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means ___B___.
A) cut down on減少
B) stay away from 遠離
C) run out of 用完
D) put up with 忍受（B）
分析：“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.”在本句話中出現比較more than，把前后的內容進行對比they對應Humans，shun對應avoid，對應正確答案B，stay away from 遠離。
總結：靈活利用并列、比較等平行結構尋找對應
(3) 根據上下文的語義推斷
例題6：2008年12月
What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach” (Line 1, Para. 9)? D
A) A casual attitude towards one’s health conditions
B) A new therapy for certain psychological problems
C) Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved
D) Unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear
分析：原文Then there is the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill. 關于ostrich approach的意思，需要看上下文的內容，也就是對應在后面的那句話，D選項中的Unwillingness to find out對應原文的would rather not know，fear對應scared，因此為正確答案。
總結：語義題不是考察你是否認識這個單詞，而是考察你能不能利用上下文推斷出它在文章里的含義。 四、快速閱讀
快速閱讀項目規(guī)定的完成時間是在作文之后的9:40-9:55，而且9:55的時候會收答題卡I其中包含作文和快速閱讀，因此快速閱讀只有15分鐘，不光要完成解答還要填好機讀卡，在速度上要求很高，因此就要求快速閱讀的做題方法有別于深度閱讀，但方法的根本還是一致的，那就是關鍵詞的定位。
快速閱讀解題三步驟：
�。�1）瀏覽大標題小標題，了解文章主題結構；
（2）根據題干中的關鍵詞結合小標題和出題順序在原文中找到定位；
（3）正確答案：1-7完整照抄原文或對原文同義改寫的選項為正確答案；8-10對比原文與題干，缺失的成分為答案，注意填入的內容的時態(tài)和主謂搭配與題干一致。
How Do You See Diversity 2009年6月
As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company. During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.
He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.
“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding. He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting (避開) your eyes.
“I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out, but will not miss that opportunity again.”
Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.
Hire Advantage
At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can eliminate invalid biases (偏見) from the process have a distinct advantage. My company, Mindsets LLC, helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots. A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.
“During my Mindsets coaching session, I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets. The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company. When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to say in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”
Blinded by Gender
Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce. “Through one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias,” he recalls. “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person, and being open to differences.” In his case, the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.
“I had a management position open in my department; and the two finalists were a man and a woman. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position, I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.” Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.
“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation. I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision.” Dale credits the workshop, “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.”
Year of the Know-It-All
Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops. He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.
“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year. In my ignorance, I assumed he had his dates wrong’, as the first of January had just passed. When I advised him of this, I gave him a tong talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates.
“He patiently waited, then when I was done, he said he would like Chinese New Year off, not the Western New Year. He explained politely that in his culture the New Year did not begin January first, and that Chinese New Year, which is tied to the lunar cycle, is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar. Needless to say, I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up. But I learned a great deal about assumptions, and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture.
“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees, rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all,” Doug admits. “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.”
A Better Bottom Line
An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally, it is profitable as well. These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales. “Most of my customers speak English as a second language. One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone. It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service. As a result, our customer base has increased.”
Once we start to see people as individuals, and discard the stereotypes, we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone. Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities. It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity.
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.
注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。
1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate? A
A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.
B) He was slow in answering her questions.
C) His resume didn’t provide the necessary information.
D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.
分析：第一題，根據關鍵詞Tiffany 結合bothered對應在全文開頭的第二句話。A選項wouldn’t look her in the eye 對應原文never made direct eye contact，正確。
2. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC? B
A) A real estate agency.
B) A personnel training company.
C) A cultural exchange organization.
D) A hi-tech company.
分析：根據關鍵詞Mindsets LLC對應在全文第一個小標題中。原文helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots 幫助公司和個人認識到自身的盲區(qū)，并且在下文反復出現training、coaching、taught，可以得知這是一個培訓機構，B選項正確。
3. Doug felt ____ when he realized that his assumption was wrong.
分析：根據關鍵詞Doug對應在全文第三個小標題。原文第二段開頭就出現了最高級的重要考點One of my most embarrassing moments，同時在第三段的中間出現了I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up，題干中的wrong對應mixed up，assumption對應assuming，felt對應felt，正確答案very embarrassed。
五、選詞填空
選詞填空項目最大的突破點是A-O這15個備選答案的認知，只要能認識大部分選項就可以拿3分以上。選項的范圍可以參考上文所提到的單詞的記背范圍，尤其關注：1歷年考過的選詞填空選項；2歷年考過的復合式聽寫；3完形填空的選項。
選詞填空解題三步驟：
（1）瀏覽選項，同時在15個備選答案后標記詞性，共四大類詞性：名詞n、動詞v、形容詞a、副詞ad；
�。�2）以一個段落或3個空為一個單位進行解答，不能直接判斷出詞義的判斷詞性；
�。�3）把對應詞性的選項逐一帶回原文，含義通順時態(tài)主謂一致者為正確答案。
Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments __1__ it. They find the writing process __2__ and difficult. （2009年6月）
A) closer B) daily C) emotional D) enhance E) enormous
F) especially G) hinder H) mission I) painful J) performance
K) profession L) remarkably M) require N) sensitive O) urge
分析：第1題：前后詞assignments 和 it都是名詞，中間缺一個謂語動詞，根據語意，“每一年在我的第一周的英語課上都會有一些同學跟我說寫作非常難。他們從來不寫，除非有任務____”。在動詞中M) require正確。
第2題：根據后面的信息and difficult，并列連詞連結的應該是相同詞性的兩個詞，因此應該找形容詞，根據語意，“他們感覺寫作的過程是____并且困難的。在形容詞中I) painful正確。
六、時間規(guī)劃
最后的復習時間切忌不要大量做模擬題或預測題，應該把以往做過的真題進行反復總結，挖掘規(guī)律，發(fā)現問題，避免相同的情況反復錯。每天拿出兩個小時的時間全面總結一套真題，水平必然會在不斷的分析總結中得到提升。 |
