科普：自然資源 295詞
　　Every year, earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake.
　　There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
　　The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking apart of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
　　In order to minimize the damage and lessen some of the suffering results from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Two of the instruments presently in use to achieve this goal are seismograghs and tiltmeters. The former records any shaking of the earth: by means of calculations seismologist can accurately indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. The latter, as the name suggests, is used to record any changes in the title of the land.
　　1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
　　A. Earthquakes
　　B. The Cause of Earthquakes
　　C. Earthquakes and Their Damages
　　D. How to Predict Earthquakes
　　2. What kind of damages may not be resulted from an earthquake?
　　A. The collapse of buildings
　　B. A large number of deaths.
　　C. Vast amount of destruction
　　D. Landslides, tsunamis and major fires
　　3. In the last sentence of Para.2, the word “this” refer to ______.
　　A. the highest magnitude
　　B. major damage
　　C. date
　　D. the previous earthquake
　　4. According to the passage, the sequence before an earthquake is _______.
　　A. the breaking apart of rocks — the production of pressure — the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust — and continental drift and the quake itself.
　　B. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — the breaking apart of rocks — the production of pressure — and the quake itself.
　　C. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — the production of pressure — the breaking apart of rocks — and the quake itself.
　　D. the production of pressure — the breaking apart of rocks — the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — and the quake itself.
　　5 What is the use of seismographs and tiltmeters?
　　A. To record signals of earthquake.
　　B. To prevent major earthquakes
　　C. To predict when, where and how an earthquake happens.
　　D. To lessen the suffering results of an earthquake.

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　　請翻譯下面兩句!
　　1 Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
　　分析：主句的表語those后面帶有一個whose引導的定語從句
　　答案
　　發(fā)生6級以上的地震時一般都會造成重大破壞，但是當震中遠離人口聚居區(qū)就例外了。
　　2 This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
　　分析：主句后面的第一個which引導定語從句修飾pressure,在這個定語從句中先行詞which充當?shù)氖菑木渲袃群�的一個賓語從句的主語。這個定語從句中還包含另一個由which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾reasons.
　　答案：
　　科學家認為，這些壓力有多種成因，其中兩個成因是地殼的拉伸和收縮以及大陸漂移
　　◆◆閱讀題答案◆◆
　　ADBCA
　　◆◆解題思路◆◆
　　1 本文是介紹一篇介紹地震的說明文。整篇文章分別從地震的現(xiàn)象、強度、原因和預測幾方面展開介紹，并沒有格外強調哪一個方面。因此選A。
　　2 第一段中提到了地震會造成的危害：人口死亡、大規(guī)模的破壞。由倒數(shù)第2、3句可知，建筑物倒塌是大規(guī)模破壞的一種。山崩、海嘯或火災是地震引起的，但是這并不是破壞，而是地震引起的災難，這些災難可以造成破壞。選D
　　3 第二段提到，發(fā)生6級以上的地震時一般都會造成重大破壞。后面說當震中遠離人口聚居區(qū)時就例外了。震中原理人口聚集區(qū)，就不會造成重大破壞，所以this指代的是6級以上地震能造成重大的破壞。
　　4 總結第三段可知，地殼的拉伸和收縮以及大陸漂移是引起壓力的兩個原因，而壓力則導致了地表或地下巖石的破裂，從而引起了地震。
　　5 最后一段最后兩句講述了地震儀和地面傾斜測量儀的作用：紀錄地球的震動和地面的傾斜。所以答案A，紀錄地震的征召。后面三項都是對這些儀器獲取的信息進行分析后科學家們能夠發(fā)揮的作用，與題干要求不符合。
　　◆◆全文翻譯◆◆
　　每年在世界各地，地震都會造成大量人口死亡和大規(guī)模的破壞。其中多數(shù)破壞性的地震要么發(fā)生在環(huán)太平洋的狹長地區(qū)，要么發(fā)生在從緬甸到歐洲的阿爾卑斯山這一線地區(qū)。這些破壞是由地震引起的山崩、海嘯或者火災引起的。
　　每年會發(fā)生大約一百萬次地震。幸運的是，并不是所有的地震都具有破壞性。地震的強度是用里克特震級來測量的，級別從零級開始往上。目前未知，最高的震級紀錄是8.9級。發(fā)生6級以上的地震時一般都會造成重大破壞，但是當震中遠離人口聚居區(qū)就例外了。
　　地震產生的真正原因是地表或地下巖石的破裂。而破裂是由壓力造成的�？茖W家認為，這些壓力有多種成因，其中兩個成因是地殼的拉伸和收縮以及大陸漂移。
　　為了減少由于地震引起的破壞并減輕其帶來的災害性后果，科學家們努力尋求能精確預測的方法。地震儀和地面傾斜測量儀器是當前為實現(xiàn)這個目標而投入使用的儀器中的其中兩種。前者對地球的所有震動進行震動：地震學家通過計算就能準確預測出地震發(fā)生的時間、地點以及震級大小。后者，正如它的名字所表示的，是用來記錄地面的傾斜度變化的。