今天先來(lái)講一講完形填空。完形填空最早是由英國(guó)學(xué)者泰勒(Taylor)根據(jù)格式塔心理學(xué)的原理所設(shè)計(jì)的。格式塔心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為,人們觀察物體形狀時(shí),往往會(huì)無(wú)意識(shí)地把物體看成是完整的,即使形狀中有空缺也會(huì)填補(bǔ)上去。人在閱讀過(guò)程中將空缺的詞語(yǔ)填補(bǔ)上去,也是同樣的道理。我們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁盏臅r(shí)候就要特別注意,文章是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體——我們千萬(wàn)不能割裂上下文的聯(lián)系啊。 一、具體方法如下 1) 先通讀一遍全文,抓住文章的大意(main idea)或稱(chēng)中心思想(controlling idea)——這一思想一般包含在由段首主題句、段尾結(jié)束語(yǔ)以及各種重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)交織而成的信息網(wǎng)之中。對(duì)于與上下文關(guān)系很小的句內(nèi)題,如大多數(shù)語(yǔ)法和一些詞匯搭配題,可邊讀邊填。 2) 對(duì)于需要推敲的選擇項(xiàng),一定要緊密聯(lián)系上下文,從多方面仔細(xì)推敲,尤其是大多數(shù)詞匯辨析考題,在分析詞匯間差別的時(shí)候,還應(yīng)該充分考慮上下文構(gòu)造的語(yǔ)境。 3) 完成填空后,應(yīng)再讀一遍文章,檢查還原的文章是否完整、合理、流暢。 二、心得體會(huì): 1) 考試中對(duì)幾遍來(lái)做并無(wú)嚴(yán)格限定,實(shí)際上是變速跑,有的地方快,有的地方慢——一切盡在掌握之中。大家對(duì)時(shí)間應(yīng)非常敏感,實(shí)際上在考前這個(gè)時(shí)間表大家就該琢磨多遍了�?倳r(shí)間一般建議連填涂答題卡在12-13分鐘,為閱讀省下2-3分鐘左右為宜。詞匯再為閱讀省下4-5分鐘,這樣閱讀就肯定能保證40分鐘(注意各題目交接有時(shí)間損耗),就比較理想了。 2) 文章中間的中心思想一旦抓住,大家肯定有勢(shì)如破竹的感覺(jué)。因?yàn)檫B貫(coherence)是無(wú)處不在的——我們現(xiàn)在說(shuō)的coherence通常包括cohesion(詞匯意義上的連結(jié))和狹義的coherence(意義層面上的連貫)。所以有許多詞直接奉送給大家就不足為奇了(但有的離得很遠(yuǎn)喔),還有的雖沒(méi)有原詞奉送,卻是反義詞或近義詞或相關(guān)詞匯的情形,就舉不勝舉了。 三、絕技傳授: 許多專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的完形測(cè)試是沒(méi)有選項(xiàng)的,難度很高——這給我們的啟示很大。完形的難度低于閱讀,與語(yǔ)法、詞匯、閱讀和寫(xiě)作都有千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系。我們可以先想一個(gè)詞填在空中,然后再看選項(xiàng)比對(duì),若有當(dāng)然毫不猶豫地拿下;如無(wú),取同義詞或近義詞即可。不要真接看選項(xiàng)——即使我們想不到一個(gè)好詞,大多數(shù)情況下也可構(gòu)擬出漢語(yǔ)意思。長(zhǎng)此以往,對(duì)個(gè)人語(yǔ)感的培養(yǎng)有大的好處。大家不妨一試。 英語(yǔ)四級(jí)完形填空沖刺滿(mǎn)分要決(下) 發(fā)布日期:2006-06-14 發(fā)表評(píng)論 信息來(lái)源:英語(yǔ)資源網(wǎng) 四、實(shí)例講解 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. _ 71 _ a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the _ 72 _ in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The _ 73 _ student is considered to be _ 74 _ who is motivated (激發(fā)); to learn for the sake of _ 75 _, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned _ 76 _ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the students is _ 77 _ for learning the material assigned. When research is _ 78 _, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with _ 79 _ guidance. It is the _ 80 _ responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain _ 81 _ a university library works; they expect students, _ 82 _ graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference _ 83 _ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but _ 84 _ that their students not be _ 85 _ dependent on them. In the United States, professors have many other duties _ 86 _ teaching, such as administrative or research work. _ 87 _ the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is _ 88 _. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student; should either _ 89 _ a professor during office hours _ 90 _ make an appointment. 71. A) If B) Although C) Because D) Before 72. A) suggestion B) context C) abstract D) information 73. A) poor B) ideal C) average D) disappointed 74. A) such B) one C) any D) some 75. A) fun B) work C) learning D) prize 76. A) by B) in C) for D) with 77. A) criticized B) innocent C) responsible D) dismissed 78. A) collected B) distributed C) assigned D) finished 79. A) maximum B) minimum C) possible D) practical 80. A) student’s B) professor’s C) assistant’s D) librarian’s 81. A) when B) what C) why D) how 82. A) particularly B) essentially C) obviously D) rarely 83. A) selections B) collections C) sources D) origins 84. A) hate B) dislike C) like D) prefer 85. A) too B) such C) much D) more 86. A) but B) except C) with D) besides 87. A) However B) Therefore C) Furthermore D) Nevertheless 88. A) plentiful B) limited C) irregular D) flexible 89. A) greet B) annoy C) approach D) attach 90. A) or B) and C) to D) but 本文是單段文章,首句即揭示了文章的核心思想——許多老師認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)的責(zé)任在于學(xué)生。只要抓住了這一點(diǎn),這篇文章的問(wèn)題立即次第解開(kāi)。 71題首選after或when,當(dāng)然沒(méi)有選if亦可。 72題首選content,沒(méi)有選information當(dāng)然可以。不可選context,那是理解的依據(jù),而非目的。 73從句中motivated推知自然是good,當(dāng)然ideal更好。 74是代指單數(shù)名詞的代詞,應(yīng)是one;句中后半立即驗(yàn)證。 75題一想就知不是grades(或marks、scores之類(lèi),美國(guó)大學(xué)多不給具體分?jǐn)?shù),而是打出等級(jí),最高是A+),看選項(xiàng)立即想出原來(lái)是learning,是為了學(xué)習(xí)。 76從與后半句對(duì)比立即得出with。 77對(duì)照文章首句立即可得答案,看選項(xiàng)對(duì)比排除亦可。 78看上句最后一詞便知。 79看后有說(shuō)no的沖動(dòng),立即感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)絕對(duì),改為little,一看選項(xiàng)立即選取中minimum。 82表遞進(jìn),自然是especially,一看選項(xiàng),選同義詞particularly。 83注意source與origin(有的輔導(dǎo)書(shū)解釋欠妥),source類(lèi)比于fountain,origin是指遙遠(yuǎn)時(shí)空的起源,如The origin of this custom is unknown. 我們注意到selections和collections面都太窄了。 84選個(gè)與suggest屬一類(lèi)的后面引起賓語(yǔ)從句其中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情形,看選項(xiàng)非prefer莫屬。 85選too,表嫌其過(guò)分,語(yǔ)氣正好恰合。86教授自然要教學(xué),當(dāng)選besides。 87表因果,首選consequently,沒(méi)有次選therefore亦可。 88除教學(xué)外,還要管行政、搞研究,時(shí)間自然是有限的(limited)。 89首選consult,次選contact,看選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有選approach也非常好,居然有annoy暈倒。 90題中or與前面的either連用。 此篇一氣呵成,上下文聯(lián)系極強(qiáng)。此中解題方面頗多,不一而足。多處選項(xiàng)在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)為調(diào)整難度本來(lái)就有不少近義詞的置換,在此問(wèn)題上大家對(duì)詞匯的敏感度要下點(diǎn)功夫喔,這與閱讀中的置換原則有關(guān)系啊。 [答案] 71. A 72. D 73. B 74. B 75. C 76. D 77. C 78. C 79. B 80. A 81. D 82. A 83. C 84. D 85. A 86. D 87. B 88. B 89. C 90. A |