本課簡介

　　越來越多的美國人會在一生中一次或多次地經(jīng)歷驚嚇癥。驚嚇癥的癥狀與心臟病的癥狀極其相似，于是得了驚嚇癥的 人往往誤認(rèn)為自己得了心臟病。那么驚嚇癥與心臟病如何區(qū)別？心臟病的癥狀只是氣急和疼痛，而驚嚇癥則會有如下的表現(xiàn)：1）對一些極尋常的情況驚恐不安； 2）氣急、胸痛。心跳加快，突然發(fā)抖，周圍的人或物變得虛幻；3）恐懼死亡或瘋狂；4）發(fā)病年齡在20-30歲；5）女性多于男性； 6）癥狀多樣化；7）大量飲酒和使用藥物的人多發(fā)。驚嚇癥雖然不會對人的生命產(chǎn)生直接危害，但是專家們建議最好向醫(yī)生咨詢，如果確實患有驚嚇癥，則需要心 理和藥物治療。

　　本課主要語言點

　　1.…suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied by shortness of breath.

　　哪個部位的疼痛，通常用pain in…來表示，比如：a pain in the abdomen（腹部疼痛），a pain in the chest（胸部疼痛）。當(dāng)然我們也可以用abdomen pain，chest pain 來表達(dá)。而a pain in the neck 則是指“令人討厭或惱火的人或事”）。

　　pain是個常用詞，可以做名詞用也可以做動詞用。

　　1）No pains， no gains.（不勞則無獲。）

　　2）Father went to great pains to stress the importance of independence.（父親煞費苦心地強調(diào)獨立的重要性。）

　　3）The death of his daughter gave the old man much pain. （女兒的去世令那位老人極為悲痛。）

　　4）My left leg is paining.（我的左腿痛。）

　　5）It pains her to see him thinner from illness.（看到他因病日漸消瘦，她心里很難過。）

　　be accompanied by 意為“由…伴隨”；如：

　　1）He burst into the room accompanied by his body guards.（他在保鏢的伴隨下闖進(jìn)屋里。）

　　2）Pneumonia is often accompanied by fever and cough. （肺炎常常伴有發(fā)燒和咳嗽。）

　　2.Her husband immediately rushed Anne to a nearby hospital where her pains were diagnosed as having been caused by panic， and not a heart attack.

　　請注意“rush”在本句中的用法。在此作及物動詞用。如：

　　1）He rushed the tourists round the sights. （他帶著游客們匆匆參觀了各處名勝。）

　　2）The ambulance rushed him to a hospital.（救護車火速送他進(jìn)醫(yī)院。）

　　3）Let me think about it and don't rush me.（讓我把這件事想一下，別催我。）

　　在大多數(shù)情況下rush作不及物動詞和名詞用。如：

　　1）The rain rushed against the house.（暴雨沖打著屋子。）

　　2）The reporters are rushing to the scene.（記者們正趕往現(xiàn)場。）

　　3）Blood rushed to his face when the young man offered to buy him a pudding.（當(dāng)那位年輕人提出給他買個蛋糕時，血涌上了他的臉。）

　　4）There is no rush.（不用急急忙忙的。）

　　5）She felt a sudden rush of dizziness.（她感到一陣眩暈。）

　　6） He went to America during the Californian gold rush.（他在加利福尼亞淘金熱時去了美國。）

　　nearby 可以做形容詞用，也可以做副詞用，在本句中用作形容詞，修飾其后的名詞hospital.

　　diagnose…as… 把…診斷為…，如：

　　1）His failure was diagnosed as being caused by carelessness.（他的失敗被判定為由粗心所致。）

　　2）The doctor diagnosed her illness as diabetes.（醫(yī)生診斷她的病是糖尿病。）

　　因為句子中的as是介詞，在介詞后要用動名詞，又由于需用被動語態(tài)，所以出現(xiàn)了having been caused by的形式。

　　3.More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne Peters.

　　本句中的like是一個出現(xiàn)頻率很高的詞，在下列例句中，like用作介詞：

　　1）She is like a bird.（如像鳥兒一樣。）

　　2）It was not like him to forget her birthday.（他才不會把她的生日忘記呢。）

　　3）I feel like sleeping.（我想睡覺。）

　　4）It looks like a clear day tomorrow. （明天看來會是晴天。）

　　5）He acts like a grown up person.（他的舉止行動像成人。）

　　experienced by Anne Peters 在句子中做定語，修飾the one .

　　1）I don't like the one chosen by him.（我不喜歡他選擇的那一個。）

　　2）The camera bought by Xiao Li is stolen.（小李買的那個相機被偷了。）

　　4.The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many victims believe that they are indeed having a heart attack.

　　通常我們用so…that…。 表示“如此……以致于……” .本句中的such ，是因為so只能用來修飾形容詞和副詞，而名詞（名詞短語）則要用 such 來修飾，如：

　　1）He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.（他跑得這樣快，沒人能趕上他。）

　　2）This book is so interesting that he doesn't want to put is down.（這本書太有意思了，他都不想把書放下。）

　　3）It was such a sunny day that he wanted to go out to enjoy the warm sunshine.（天氣如此睛朗，他想出去享受這溫暖的陽光。）

　　在形容詞similar的后面通常用介詞 to，使用名詞 similarity 時，其后也用 to.如：

　　1）My problems are similar to yours.（我的問題與你的類似。）

　　2）The two cats are similar to each other in appearance and size.（這兩只貓的模樣和大小相仿。）

　　3）Liverpool has a certain similarity to Marseilles.（利物浦和馬賽有某種相像。）

　　句子中的those 代指symptoms.

　　5.A person seized by a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms.

　　請注意本句中seize這個動詞的詞意及用法。

　　1）抓��；抓�。〞r機等），利用

　　The police seized him by the collar.（警察抓住了他的衣領(lǐng)。）

　　Seizing the bowl， he ran off through the door.（他抓起碗沖出門去。）

　　He seized the chance to study abroad.（他抓住了那次去國外學(xué)習(xí)的機會。）

　　2）逮捕

　　He was seized outside the city.（他在市郊被捕獲。）

　　The escaped prisoner was seized on Sunday.（逃犯于周日被抓獲。）

　　3）（常用被動語態(tài)）（疾�。┣忠u；（情緒）支配

　　The old man was seized by a stroke.（那位老人中風(fēng)了。）

　　She was seized with jealousy.（她妒火中燒。）

　　Panic seized the people in the cave.（洞里的人們驚慌失措。）

　　“seize”也可用不及物動詞，如：

　　1）He would seize on （upon） any excuse to justify himself.（他會利用一切借口為自己辯解。）

　　2）He was determined to seize on （upon） the opportunity to leave his employer a good impression.（他決心抓住這個機會給他的雇主留下好印象。）

　　6.There has been a lot of explanations as to the causes of panic attacks.

　　本句中的as to 意思是about（關(guān)于），如：

　　1）John has been given no directions as to what to write. （沒人對約翰說明該寫什么。）

　　2）I have no doubt as to his honesty.（對他的誠實，我毫無疑問。）

　　3）I was asked my opinion as to why he refused our help.（對他為什么拒絕我們的幫助，我被要求發(fā)現(xiàn)見解。）

　　7.It is reported that there are at least three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack.

　　It + be + -ed 分詞 +that從句……that引導(dǎo)的是一個主語從句， it 做形式主語放在句首。如：

　　1）It is often stated that Shakespeare was born on April 23， 1564.（人們常說莎士比亞生于1564年4月23日。）

　　2）It is believed that he has told the truth.（人們相信他說了實話。）

　　3）It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.（眾所周知，光以直線運行。）

　　rather than在本句中的意思是“不是……而是……”，如：

　　1）He lay rather than sat in his armchair.（他躺在扶手椅里而不是坐在里面。）

　　2）The freckles over her face were an added attraction rather than otherwise.（她臉上的雀斑不但無損容貌反而令她更動人。）

　　8.Dr. Crocker's advice to any person who thinks he is suffering from a panic attack is to consult a doctor for a medical examination to rule out the possibilities of physical illness first.

　　to在本句中用作介詞，advice to sb. 意為“給某人的勸告”，如：

　　1）My advice to you is that you should be more polite to other people.（我對你的勸告是你應(yīng)該對別人更禮貌一些。）

　　2）The teacher's advice to me was to study harder.（老師勸我學(xué)習(xí)更努力。）

　　consult在本句中的意思是“請教，咨詢”，如：

　　1）He consulted the doctor about his illness.（他找那位醫(yī)生看病。）

　　2）Your baby is losing weight， you should consult your doctor promptly.（你的孩子體重在下降，你應(yīng)該立即去向醫(yī)生咨詢。）

　　rule out的意思是“排除”，如：

　　1）Police have ruled out murder but are still holding several people for questioning.（警方排除他殺的可能，但仍留了一些人審問。

　　2）He ruled out the possibility that he could fight again.（他排除了再度出戰(zhàn)的可能性。）

　　本課主要詞組

　　1.be accompanied by

　　2.shortness of

　　3.rush sb. to （a place）

　　4.be caused by

　　5.suffer from

　　6.bear similarity to

　　7.most of all

　　8.be seized by

　　9.as to

　　10.rather than

　　11.be isolated from

　　12.rule out

　　13.at least

　　14.as yet

　　15.be likely to

　　16.all the same

　　Text B  Sleepwalking——Fact or Fancy？

　　短語表達(dá)

　　1.search for

　　All his life he has been searching for the meaning of life.

　　The police are searching for the escaped prisoner in the wood.

　　2.in the middle

　　Don't disturb him， he is in the middle of a meeting.

　　He is standing in the middle of the room enraged.

　　3.border on

　　The American people's respect for President Lincoln borders on worship.

　　China borders on Mongolia in the north.

　　4.put…on record

　　Students' performance at school is usually put on record.

　　The criminal cases are all put on record.

　　5.wake up

　　He had a lot of difficulty waking up so early in the morning.

　　The noise outside woke him up.

　　6.take measures

　　Effective measures have to be taken to control pollution.

　　They have taken some measures to rid the boy of his bad habit.

　　7.outgrow

　　The boy will outgrow the jacket in a year.

　　I believe he will outgrow the habit when he is older.