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2009年自考英語(yǔ)(一)課堂筆記(unit25)

作者:不明   發(fā)布時(shí)間:2009-07-11 09:40:52  來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)
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  Text A    American men don't cry

  本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

  1.Weakness n. 軟弱,薄弱;缺點(diǎn),弱點(diǎn);嗜好。

  Weakness 是形容詞weak的名詞形式。-ness這個(gè)名詞后綴常用在形容詞后面,構(gòu)成名詞。如:happiness,carelessness,sadness,uselessness等等。

  1)He was too weak to walk any further.(他沒有力氣再往前走了。)

  2)She was born with weak eyesight.(她天生視力差。)

  3)He is weak in maths.(他不擅常數(shù)學(xué)。)

  4)Weak leaders won't be able to cope with this situation.(軟弱無力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人無法應(yīng)付這一局面。)

  5)She recovered from her weakness after two week's rest.(經(jīng)過兩周的休息,她虛弱的身體得到了恢復(fù)。)

  6)His recovered from pressure would give his opponent some chance.(他在壓力之下的軟弱會(huì)給他的對(duì)手帶來機(jī)會(huì)。)

  7)They saw a weakness in Robert's method.(他們?cè)诹_伯特的方法中看到了弱點(diǎn)。)

  8)He has a weakness for money.(他愛錢如命。)

  2.Childishness n. 幼稚

  同上一個(gè)單詞一樣,-ness這個(gè)名詞后綴用在愛形容詞后面,構(gòu)成名詞。

  I was annoyed at the childishness of her remark.(她孩子氣的話語(yǔ)令我惱火。)

  請(qǐng)注意 childish 和childlike的異同之處:

  “childish” is used to describe a person who behaves in an immature way, or to describe

  something that is typical of a child. (childish用來形容某個(gè)行為不成熟的人或用來形容某件事似孩子般的。)

  “childlike” is used to describe a person who is like a child in appearance, character, or

  behavior. (childlike用來形容一個(gè)人的外貌、性格或舉止像個(gè)孩子,天真,單純。)

  1)She is a nice person but a bit too childish.(她人不錯(cuò),只是太幼稚了一點(diǎn)。)

  2)She has a childish face.(她有張孩子氣的臉。)

  3)The young woman has a childlike figure.(那個(gè)年輕婦人有著孩子般的體型。)

  4)It is childish to go into danger for nothing.(無謂地陷入危險(xiǎn)是幼稚的行為。)

  3.dependence n. 依靠,依賴;信賴;隸屬。

  -ence是常用的名詞后綴,如:absence,confidence,innocence 等等。如果我們把后綴-ence變換成-ent,dependent則是個(gè)形容詞;如果在dependence或dependent前面加上前綴in-, 則表示相反意義,“獨(dú)立”、“獨(dú)立的”。

  1)All living thing depend on sunlight, air and water.(一切生命依賴于陽(yáng)光、空氣和水。)

  2)He doesn't want to live in dependence on his parents any longer.(他不想再依靠父母生活。)

  3)The old man s very dependent on his son.(那位老人什么都依賴他兒子。)

  4)India got its independence in 1946.(印度于1946年獲得獨(dú)立。)

  5)He is independent of his parents.(他不依賴父母而自立。)

  4.disapprove v. 不贊成。

  我們?cè)诘诙䥺卧袑W(xué)習(xí)過approve,在第二十三單元中學(xué)習(xí)過approval.approve是disapprove的反義詞,approval則是disapproval的反義詞。

  disapprove和approve一樣可以用作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),在其后需加介詞of,然后才可以接賓語(yǔ)。如:

  1)He disapproved the arrangement for the wedding.(她不贊成婚事的安排。)

  2)Her parents disapproved her marriage to Jimmy.(父母不同意她與吉米的婚事。)

  3)The teacher disapproved of her students going camping.(老師不反對(duì)她的學(xué)生們?nèi)ヂ稜I(yíng)。)

  4)He disapproved of my method.(他反對(duì)我的方法。)

  5.discourage v. 使泄氣,使沮喪;阻攔。

  上個(gè)單詞disapprove中的dis-前綴表示“not”,discourage中的前綴dis-則表示“deprive of”。discourage的反義詞是encourage.courage是名詞,意思是“勇氣”。

  1)He didn't have the courage to tell her the truth. (他沒有勇氣對(duì)她說實(shí)話。)

  2)We have to face the difficulties with courage. (我們得勇敢地面對(duì)困難。)

  3)Don't be discouraged by setbacks.(別因挫折而泄氣。)

  4)The heavy rain discouraged us from going out.(大雨使我們無法出去。)

  5)Her husband encouraged her to complete her study.(她丈夫鼓勵(lì)她完成學(xué)業(yè)。)

  6)They felt encouraged by their achievements.(他們因自己取得的成就而感到鼓舞。)

  7)He finished encouraged by their achievements.(盡管有許多令人灰心的挫折,他仍然完成了工作。)

  8)What he said just now is discouraging.(他剛才說的話令人泄氣。)

  9)Children need more encouragement.(孩子需要更多的鼓勵(lì)。)

  10) The results are encouraging.(結(jié)果令人鼓舞。)

  6.permissible adj. 容許的,準(zhǔn)許的。

  permissible是permission的形容詞形式,而permission是permit的名詞形式。

  1)Smoking is not obtain permitted in public places.(不允許在公共場(chǎng)所抽煙。)

  2)Mother would not permit her to watch TV for too long.(媽媽不允許她看電視時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)。)

  3)He could not obtain permission from the authorities.(他無法獲得官方的許可。)

  4)You can't do it without permission.(沒有得到許可,你不能做這件事。)

  5)It was permissible to ask a question.(提一個(gè)問題是準(zhǔn)許的。)

  6)In many cases, it is permissible for a child to cry.(在許多情況下,孩子是準(zhǔn)許哭的。)

  7.excusable adj. 可原諒地,可辯解的。

  同上一個(gè)單詞中的后綴-ible一樣,-able也是一個(gè)常用的形容詞后綴。如:desirable(值得要的),irritable(易怒的),reasonable(合理的),noticeable(明顯的)。

  excuse可以做名詞用,意思是“借口,理由”,也可以一做動(dòng)詞喲功能,意思是“原諒,寬恕”或“免除”。

  1)You don't have to make any excuse.(你不用編任何借口。)

  2)There is no excuse for not giving them a chance.(沒有理由不給他們機(jī)會(huì)。)

  3)Please excuse my carelessness.(請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业拇中摹#?/p>

  4)I could never excuse him for being so rude.(我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)原諒他如此無禮。)

  5)She was excused from long hours' of practice.(她可以免除長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的練習(xí)。)

  6)This is an excusable mistake.(這是個(gè)可原諒的錯(cuò)誤。)

  7)In women, crying is excusable, but in men, crying is a mark of weakness.(女人哭是可以原諒的,而男人哭則是軟弱的標(biāo)志。)

  8.capacity n. 容量;能力。

  1)The theatre has a seating capacity of 3000.(這個(gè)劇院能容納3000名觀眾。)

  2)The theatre was filled to capacity.(劇院里座無虛席。)

  3)The book is beyond the capacity of young readers.(這本書超出了少年讀者的理解力。)

  4)The storage vessel has a capacity of 10,000 liters.(這個(gè)存儲(chǔ)器的容積是1萬升。)

  5)It is necessary to develop students' capacity for reasoning. (培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的推理能力很有必要。)

  9.incapacity n. 無能力,不能。

  1)He lived from hand to mouth because of his incapacity to work.(由于無力工作,他勉強(qiáng)對(duì)付著過日子。)

  2)Growing incapacity is coming with increasing age.(能力的喪失會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而加劇。)

  10.organism n. 生物體,有機(jī)體。

  1)These creatures are descended from simpler organisms.(這些生物源于更低等的生物體。)

  2)Factories and cities are more complex organisms self-sufficient villages.(工廠和城市是比自給自足的村莊更復(fù)雜的機(jī)體。)

  11.restore v. 使恢復(fù),使回復(fù)。

  1)The old building was restored by the people of the city.(城里的老百姓修復(fù)了那座古建筑。)

  2)The doctor restored him to health.(醫(yī)生使他恢復(fù)了健康。)

  3)The relations between the two countries were restored to normal.(兩國(guó)之間的關(guān)系恢復(fù)正常了。)

  4)The police restored a lost child to the parents.(警察把迷失的孩子交還其父母。)

  5)He was restored to his post after he had been proved innocent.(被證明清白后,他復(fù)了職。)

  12.dynamic adj. 動(dòng)力的,動(dòng)態(tài)的;有生氣的,有力的。

  1)He gradually became accustomed to living in this dynamic city.(他漸漸習(xí)慣生活在這座生氣勃勃的城市里。)

  2)A dynamic leadership is indispensable to the successful completion of this project.(這項(xiàng)工程的成功完成離不開強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。)

  3)Words like “fly” and “run” are dynamic verbs.(像“飛”和“跑”這樣的詞是動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞。)

  13.stability n. 穩(wěn)定,穩(wěn)定性;堅(jiān)定,恒心。

  stability 是stable的名詞形式,而stabilize則是動(dòng)詞。

  1)The new administration had to try hard to regain a stable economy and a stable currency.(新政府努力恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和通貨穩(wěn)定。)

  2)The stable political environment helped to bring about the economic prosperity.(政治環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的產(chǎn)生。)

  3)The world needs stable peace.(世界需要持久的和平。)

  4)Internal arguments had threatened the stability of the government.(內(nèi)部的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)已經(jīng)威脅政府的穩(wěn)定。

  5)The patient's condition began to stabilize.(病人的病情開始穩(wěn)定。)

  6)They are taking measures to stabilize prices.(他們正在采取措穩(wěn)定物價(jià)。)

  14.interference n. 干涉,干預(yù);妨礙。

  在第十八單元中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過了動(dòng)詞interfere, interference是 interfere的名詞形式。

  1)I couldn't hear the program because there was too much interference.(我聽不清節(jié)目,因?yàn)楦蓴_太大。)

  2)He wanted to do it on his own without any outside interference.(他想自己獨(dú)立做那件事,不受任何外界干擾。)

  3)They didn't expect any interference from their parents.(他們沒有料到會(huì)有來自父母的干預(yù)。)

  4)No country has the right to interfere in another country's internal affairs.(任何國(guó)家都無權(quán)干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政。)

  5)Misty weather interfered with the contact.(霧天妨礙聯(lián)絡(luò)。)

  15.damage n. 損害,損失;賠償金。    v. 損傷,毀壞。

  1)Fortunately, the damage to the boat was not too serious.(所幸的是船的損壞不太嚴(yán)重。)

  2)I don't want to see the rumor do any damage to your reputation.(我不想看到這個(gè)謠傳有害你的名譽(yù)。)

  3)He got $500 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident.(他因事故受傷而獲得500美元賠償金。)

  4)The buildings were seriously damaged by the earthquake.(地震使房屋受到嚴(yán)重毀壞。)

  5)Don't damage other people’s interests.(不要損害他人利益。)

  16.maintenance n. 維持,保持;維修;維護(hù);撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)。

  在第二十二單元中,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過了動(dòng)詞maintain,maintenance是maintain的名詞形式。

  1)He spent a lot on the maintenance of his car.(他在汽車維護(hù)上花了不少錢。)

  2)Maintenance of order is no easy job at this time.(這時(shí)候要維持秩序可不是件容易的事。)

  3)How much maintenance does he pay his ex-wife?(他付給前妻多少撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)?)

  4)He takes regular physical exercise to maintain health.(他定期進(jìn)行體育鍛煉以保持健康。)

  5)They have maintained correspondence for 20 years.(他們保持通信聯(lián)系已有20年。)

  17.animated adj. 栩栩如生的;生氣勃勃的。

  1)They are having an animated discussion.(他們正在進(jìn)行熱烈的討論。)

  2)The animated pieced of sculpture attracted a lot of people.(栩栩如生的雕塑作品吸引了許多人。)

  3)He felt very excited when walking in the animated city street.(走在繁忙的鬧市大街上,他感到很興奮。)

  18.shed v. 流出,發(fā)出,散發(fā)。

  1)Roses shed their fragrance in the garden.(玫瑰的芳香散發(fā)在花園里。)

  2)The trees have shed all their leaves in winter.(冬天,樹上的葉子全掉了。)

  3)She couldn't help shedding tears when she heard the story.(聽了那個(gè)故事,她不禁流下了眼淚。)

  19.lessen v. 減少,減輕;縮小,貶低。

  我們?cè)v過-en是一個(gè)常用的動(dòng)詞后綴,可以用在形容詞或名詞后面構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞,如: shorten, broaden, brighten, worsen, lengthen, heighten等等。

  1)They are doing everything possible to lessen tensions between the two nations.(他們正在盡一切可能緩和兩國(guó)之間的緊張局勢(shì)。)

  2)I don't know what I can do to lessen his pain.(我不知道我能做什么來減輕他的痛苦。)

  3)He wanted to get the upper hand by lessening the achievements of his rivals.(他想用貶低對(duì)手成就的方式來占上風(fēng)。)

  20. defect n. 缺點(diǎn),欠缺。       vi. 逃跑,背叛。

  1)She has a hearing defect.(她有聽覺缺陷。)

  2)He was surprised to find that the TV set has a basic defect.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)那臺(tái)電視機(jī)有個(gè)大毛病,非常吃驚。)

  3)He defected to the enemy.(他向敵方叛逃。)

  21.intention n. 意圖,打算。

  1)He hurt his friends feelings without intention.(他無意間傷害了朋友的感情。)

  2)I had made it clear that I had no intention of spending the rest of my life in such a place.(我已明確表示我無意在此度過余生。)

  3)He was motivated by good intentions.(他的動(dòng)機(jī)是善意的。)

  4)Mr. Brown had no intention to resign.(布郎先生不打算辭職。)

  本課簡(jiǎn)介

  哭往往被認(rèn)為是軟弱的表示,是女性的特征,是幼稚的行為,美國(guó)男人絲毫不愿意與這一切沾邊,所以他們不哭。在人人追求快樂的國(guó)度 里,哭可太沒美國(guó)味了。女人生就柔弱、依賴,她們哭很自然,而男人,千萬不能哭。對(duì)于小男孩,我們讓他們銘記“小男子漢是從來不哭的,只有小女孩和好哭的 孩子才哭�!�

  美國(guó)男人不哭是因?yàn)樗麄冸S著年齡的增長(zhǎng)體內(nèi)的某個(gè)生物鐘使其哭的能力消耗殆盡了嗎?不是,他們是被調(diào)教得想哭時(shí)也不哭了。自幼受這樣的訓(xùn)練,于是他們就有了不會(huì)哭的能力。

  作者認(rèn)為這樣做不可取,因?yàn)榭奘侨诉@種生物的一種自然功能,哭能使感情失衡的人恢復(fù)到均衡狀態(tài)。對(duì)均衡狀態(tài)的干擾將對(duì)人體有害。在 感情失衡的情況下,哭一哭有助于保持健康。人類是自然界中唯一在哭泣時(shí)流淚的生物,把人調(diào)教得不會(huì)哭則會(huì)養(yǎng)活他的人性。美國(guó)父母的好意,如果造成了這種結(jié) 果豈不可悲?

  本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

  1.American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of men to do so.

  動(dòng)詞consider的用法如下:

 �、� Consider +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)

  They considered the attack a mistake. (他們認(rèn)為這次進(jìn)攻是錯(cuò)誤。)

  ② Consider +賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式

  They considered themselves to be very lucking.(他們認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)。)

 �、� Consider +賓語(yǔ)+ as

  They don't consider it as important.(他們認(rèn)為那個(gè)不重要。)

 �、� Consider +賓語(yǔ)+形容詞

  They consider it wise not to criticize him.(他們認(rèn)為不批評(píng)他是明智的。)

 �、� Consider +賓語(yǔ)

  He had no time to consider the matter.(他沒有時(shí)間考慮這個(gè)事情。)

 �、� Consider +V-ing

  He is considering changing his job.(他在考慮換一份工作。)

  “be considered not characteristic of ……,” consider 在此處的用法當(dāng)歸于④。be characteristic of 意思是 be typical of.如:

  1)Carelessness and impatience are characteristic of him.(粗心、無耐心是他的特點(diǎn)。)

  2)Long winter and short spring are characteristic of the climate here.(冬天漫長(zhǎng),春天短暫是這兒的氣候特點(diǎn)。)

  3)Crying is not the characteristic of man.(哭泣不是男子漢的特征。)

  2.… no American male wants to be identified with anything in the least weak or feminine.

  be identified with意思是 be closely involved or associated with.如:

  1)Of the 34 candidates nearly a third were identified with big financial groups.

 �。ㄔ�34名候選人當(dāng)中,近三分之一的人與大財(cái)團(tuán)有緊密聯(lián)系。)

  2)He is closely identified with the former president.(他與前總統(tǒng)關(guān)系密切。)

  in the least 用來強(qiáng)調(diào)否定,意思是“絲毫,一點(diǎn)兒。”如:

  1)I don't mind in the least.(我一點(diǎn)也不在意。)

  2)She was not in the least Jealous.(她絲毫不嫉妒。)

  3.In a land so devoted to the pursuit of happiness as ours, crying really is rather un-American.

  本句中的devoted是個(gè)形容詞,to是介詞,通常用be devoted to .devote用作動(dòng)詞,則可用devote………to

  1)The students are devoted to their studies.(學(xué)生們專心學(xué)習(xí)。)

  2)He is devoted to the cause of peace.(他致力于和平事業(yè)。)

  3)They have devoted all their time to helping the poor.(他們把所有的時(shí)間都用在幫助窮人上。)

  4)She devoted herself to her pupil.(她把全部身心傾注在學(xué)生身上。)

  the pursuit of 意思是“對(duì)…追求(追捕)”。 in the pursuit of 是常用介詞短語(yǔ)。

  1)They are in pursuit of the escaped criminal.(他們?cè)谧凡短臃�。�?/p>

  2)The album is produced in the pursuit of ellcellence.(這個(gè)專輯在制作過程中力求完美。)

  land 在句中的意思是“country國(guó)家”。如:

  1)He used to work in a distant land.(他曾在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的國(guó)度工作。)

  2)He returned to his native land many years later.(許多年后,他回到了祖國(guó)。)

  ours 在句中指our land

  4.Women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex, it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.

  women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex是名詞+V-ing的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),表示原因。這句話的意思是because women are the “weaker” and “dependent” sex.

  請(qǐng)看下面的例句,注意掌握名詞+V-ing表示原因的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。

  1)So many members being absent, the meeting had to be put off.(因?yàn)楹芏嗳瞬辉趫?chǎng),會(huì)議只好延期。)

  2)The question being so difficult, we must take time to consider it carefully.

 �。ㄒ�?yàn)檫@個(gè)問題很困難,我們得花時(shí)間仔細(xì)考慮。)

  3)The weather being terrible, they had to change their plan.(天氣很糟糕,他們不得不改變計(jì)劃。)

  5.…crying is a mark of weakness

  mark 在句中作名詞用,意思是“標(biāo)示,特征”,如:

  1)He gave her a gift as a mark of gratitude.(他送給她一份禮物以表謝意。)

  2)They removed their hats as a mark of respect.(他們脫帽以表敬意。)

  3)These buildings display the mark of early Greek influence.(這些建筑表現(xiàn)出受早期希臘影響的特征。)

  mark還有許多其它意思,如:

  1)He got 70 marks out of 100.(他得了100分中的70分。)

  2)There are a lot of ink marks on the wall.(墻上有許多墨水漬。)

  3)He made a few marks with his pen.(他用筆做了幾個(gè)記號(hào)。)

  4)Be careful not to mark the table.(小心別在桌上留下痕跡。)

  5)Mark all the big cities on the map.(在地圖上把所有大的城市標(biāo)出來。)

  6.So goes the American belief with regard to crying.

  so在句中用作副詞,表示前面所說的(哭是軟弱的標(biāo)志)也適用于此。so在句首,句子倒裝。

  1)-He looks very hot and dry.(他看上去又熱又干。)

  -so would you if you had a high fever.(如果你發(fā)高燒,你也如此。)

  2)His shoes are brightly polished, so is his briefcase.(他的鞋擦得很亮,他的公文包也是這樣。)

  with regard to也可用in regard to,意思是“regarding, be concerned with”(至于,就…而文論)。如:

  This plant is not at all demanding with regard to water, soil and climate.(這種植物對(duì)水土氣候一點(diǎn)不苛求。)

  7.“A little man,” we impress on our male children, never cries動(dòng)詞impress用法如下:

 �、� impress sb. with sth.(給某人留下…印象)

  I hope I can impress my new boss with my diligence.(我希望我的勤勉能給新老板留下印象。)

 �、� impress sth on sb.(給某人留下…印象;使某人理解…的重要)

  She impressed on the Government the serious effect of high unemployment.(她使政府意識(shí)到高失業(yè)率的嚴(yán)重影響。)

  課文中的這個(gè)句子的意思是we impress “A little man never cries” on the mind of our male children.(我們讓男孩銘記“小男子漢決不哭泣�!保�

  8.And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.

  本句中的第一個(gè)so用作副詞,意思是“因此,所以”如:

  1)She is the only person I know in the city,so I went to her for help(在這座城市里,她是我唯一的熟人,所以我將去求她幫忙。)

  2)He speaks very little Chinese, so I talked to him in English.(他不太會(huì)講中文,所以我用英文跟他交談。)

  句中的第二個(gè)用作代詞,代替前文的詞語(yǔ)或意思,本句中代指cry(哭)。

  1)If you say so, I'll have to believe it.(如果你這樣說,我只有相信了。)

  2)Is it raining?(在下雨嗎?)

  I'm afraid so.(恐怕是的。)

  condition在本句中用作動(dòng)詞,意思是“(訓(xùn)練,使適應(yīng))”,如:

  1)They conditioned her not to flare up over trifles.(他們使她養(yǎng)成不為小事發(fā)脾氣的習(xí)慣。)

  2)They are conditioning the horse for a race.(他們?cè)谟?xùn)練那匹馬以參加比賽。)

  feel的后面必須接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:

  1)I feel like singing.(我想唱歌。)

  He feels like having a talk with her.(他想與她談一談。)

  9.It is not that American males are unable to cry because of some biological clock within them which cause them to run down in that capacity as they grow alder, but that they are trained not to cry.

  本句中的(It is )not that…but that…。 是英語(yǔ)中的常用結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“不是因?yàn)椤且驗(yàn)椤�。如�?/p>

  1)It is not that I am not interested in it, but that I am fully occupied.(不是因?yàn)槲覍?duì)這個(gè)沒興趣,而是因?yàn)槲姨α�。�?/p>

  2)It is not that I have no trust in him, but that I have to keep the promise of secrecy.(不是因?yàn)槲也恍湃嗡�,而是因�(yàn)槲业眯攀乇C艿闹Z言。)

  cause sb. to do sth.意思是“使某人做某事”。如:

  1)Careless caused him to fail the exam. (粗心致使他考試不及格。)

  2)What caused him to change his mind? (是什么使他改變主意?)

  run down 意思是“reduce;exhaust” (降低;耗盡)。如:

  1)The battery is run down. (電池的電用完了。)

  2)The factory is running down its production. (工廠在緊縮生產(chǎn)。)

  10.Thus do we produce a trained incapacity in the American male to cry.

  本句可以理解為:

  Therefore, we make the American males have a trained ability not to cry.(于是我們使得美國(guó)男人具有了不會(huì)哭的能力。)

  thus放在句首時(shí),句子、可倒裝,也可不用倒裝。

  11.… to restore the emotionally disequilibrated person to a state of equilibrium.

  restore sb. to a state of …(使某人恢復(fù)…狀態(tài)),如:

  1)The doctor restored the old man to a state of health. (醫(yī)生使那位老人恢復(fù)了健康。)

  2)It is difficult to restore the country to a state of stability. ( 要使那個(gè)國(guó)家恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定是件困難的事。)

  12.Crying serves a homeostatic function for the organism as a whole.

  動(dòng)詞serve通常用在短語(yǔ)serve as中,意思是“起…作用”)

  1)He served as an adviser to the company. ( 他任公司顧問。)

  2)This sofa serves as a bed. (這張沙發(fā)當(dāng)床用。)

  serve the function也是“起…作用”的意思。

  as a whole 意思是“作為一個(gè)整體,總的來說”。如:

  The temperature for that country as a whole is high. (這個(gè)國(guó)家的氣溫總的來說是高的。)

  13.The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that shed tears.

  that shed tears 是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾one .當(dāng)先行詞的前面有only時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句不可以用which引導(dǎo),而必須用that引導(dǎo)。如:

  1)He is the only person that I trust. (他是我唯一信任的人。)

  2)This is the only game that I enjoy. (這是我唯一喜歡的比賽。

  shed tears 意思是“流淚”,如:

  1)The story made me shed tears. (那個(gè)故事使我流了淚。)

  2)When a crocodile sheds tears, it doesn't mean it is sad. ( 鱷魚流淚并不意味它傷心。)

  14.And this, among other things, is what American parents -with the best intention in the world-have achieved for the American male.

  本句中的this 代指上一句所講的內(nèi)容。

  with the best intention 意思是“有著最美好的意愿”。

  achieve sth. 意思是“取得成就”。如:

  1)I achieved nothing. (我一無所成。)

  2)He achieved his goal after many hardships. ( 經(jīng)過很多艱難困苦后他實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的目標(biāo)。)

  15.…and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.

  clear 在本句中作動(dòng)詞用,意思是“清除”。如:

  Let me clear the furnace of ash. (讓我把爐子里的灰清掉。)

  prevent sb. from doing sth.意思是“妨礙(阻止)某人做某事”。如:

  1)The traffic jam prevented me from getting home earlier. (交通阻塞使我無法早點(diǎn)到家。)

  The heavy fog prevented the train from arriving on schedule. (大雪使火車無法準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)到達(dá)。)

  本課主要短語(yǔ)及表達(dá)

  1.be characteristic of

  2.identify with

  3.in the least

  4.disapprove of

  5.devote to

  6.(in) the pursuit of

  7.a mark of

  8.with regard to

  9.impress sth. on sb

  10.feel like doing sth.

  11.run down

  12.go on doing sth.

  13.restore …to …

  14.a state of

  15.be known as

  16.as a whole

  17.shed tears

  18.with the best intention

  19.clear sth. of

  20. prevent from

  Text B    stop worrying now!

  短語(yǔ)表達(dá)

  1.deal with

  He is really hard to deal with.

  You may have to have extensive experiences to deal with issues like this.

  2.choose to

  After graduation from college, he chooses to take a poorly paid job instead.

  If you choose to stay, I'm afraid you will also have to finish that writing first.

  3.in the first place

  You shouldn't take him on that trip in the first place.

  There was this hidden error in the first place. How could you put all the blame on me?

  4.label as

  I can hardly believe that you could label it as toys.

  His pitiful copy of my writing was labeled as the most creative in his class. What a joke!

  5.can't help doing something

  Despite repeated advice by my doctor, I simply can't help eating this fatty meat whenever there is a chance.

  The boy could not help crying when he lost sight of his loving father.

  6.hang on to sth

  He hung on to his toy gun.

  The little girl hung on to her mother's hand when they crossed the street.

  7.risk doing sth

  You will risk losing your job if you go on like this.

  He risked being criticized when he was late for the meeting.

  8.result in

  The safety measures will result in the reduction of work accidents.

  The game resulted in a tie.

  9.use up

  Since the energy on the earth can be used up one day, we will have to look for new energy sources right now.

  Can you fetch me some paper? I've used up all of them.

  10.back down

  I backed down carefully when I spotted a cobra on the island.

  If they are not going to back down, we may have to find another way of compromise.

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