2017考研英語閱讀不可犯的兩個(gè)致命錯(cuò)誤

　　考研英語閱讀是英語科目的重頭戲，這一關(guān)不簡(jiǎn)單，但必須要過。有些同學(xué)可能認(rèn)為，閱讀就那么回事，參加過四六級(jí)考試，裸考都沒問題，英語閱讀也沒那么難，實(shí)則不然，這兩種不同形式的考察，要求，側(cè)重都不同，并不是靠你看一遍，腦中印象就可作答的，考研英語的閱讀還要更難，要更細(xì)致，要精讀。下面談一談?dòng)⒄Z閱讀中常見的兩個(gè)致命錯(cuò)誤，希望考生能夠轉(zhuǎn)變備考的思路，重視起來。

　　1.考研考試中干擾措施不是憑空出現(xiàn)的，它們或多或少都會(huì)在文章中有所提及，如果僅以在文章是否提到來判斷的話，一定會(huì)出錯(cuò)。

　　2.考研考試的一種命題模式是題干中限定答案的范圍。如果忽略這種范圍，此題必錯(cuò)。

　　下面就幾道考研真題來具體說明題干中需要注意的信息：

　　What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?

　　Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.(1996)

　　1. According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to ________.

　　[A] elementary schools

　　[B] enthusiastic workers

　　[C] the attractive premium system

　　[D] a special way of thinking

　　The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. (2005)

　　2. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.

　　[A] more inclined to weigh what they get

　　[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions

　　[C] nice in both appearance and temperament

　　[D] more generous than their male companions

　　這兩道題共同的特點(diǎn)就是題干中都有一個(gè)表示程度的限定詞。第一道題中的限定詞是in large part,第二道題中的限定詞是most。這兩個(gè)詞語的出現(xiàn)本身就有一個(gè)暗示，說明選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)該有不止一個(gè)原因，但是這道題目要求回答出其中比較重要的一個(gè)因素。原文定位第一道題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)定位句“I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological”中含有四個(gè)并列成分，分別是“excellent elementary schools”; “a labor force”;“the practice of giving premiums to inventors”和“the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological”。上述四個(gè)內(nèi)容在選項(xiàng)中都有出現(xiàn)，很多同學(xué)會(huì)因?yàn)橄热霝橹鞯乃季S習(xí)慣選擇A。但是當(dāng)我們注意到題干中的限定信息是要求找其中影響比較大的一個(gè)因素，我們就要比照四個(gè)因素哪個(gè)影響比較大。原文中的第四點(diǎn)前出現(xiàn)了above all，這個(gè)短語表示“比較重要的是”，所以此題應(yīng)該選擇D

　　類似的2005年的考題中也出現(xiàn)了同樣的情況，題干中出現(xiàn)most，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了列舉。“They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ‘goods and services’ than males. ”這些列舉也分別被設(shè)計(jì)成了干擾項(xiàng)。但是其中受到強(qiáng)調(diào)的是above all 后面的這個(gè)因素。“like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ‘goods and services’ than males”， 所以此題答案為D。

　　從上面的分析可以看出，閱讀理解并不是簡(jiǎn)單的讀懂文章就可以把題作對(duì)。還要能夠?qū)徢孱}目，理解題目要求。一般來講，題干中如果出現(xiàn)表示時(shí)間、范圍、程度和先后次序的詞語，考生都需謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待，因?yàn)檫@些詞語很有可能成為命題人精心設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱。

　　下面幾個(gè)題干供廣大考生回去練習(xí)。

　　請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察題干，標(biāo)示出其中限定性的詞語。

　　1. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because .

　　2. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ________.

　　3. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.

　　4. The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.

　　5. The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that ________.