查看：2014年考研英語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)翻譯方法詳解匯總

2014年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯方法:減譯法詳解

　　減譯法：由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、表達(dá)方式以及修辭手段上的不同，有些詞語(yǔ)或句子成分在英語(yǔ)中是必不可少的，但若搬到譯文中去，就會(huì)影響譯文的簡(jiǎn)潔和通順。因此在英譯漢的過(guò)程中，為了使譯文更加簡(jiǎn)練，更符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，需要省略一些可有可無(wú)或翻譯后反嫌累贅的詞語(yǔ)。但必須注意，減譯不是刪掉原文中的某些內(nèi)容，在不易減譯的情況下，不要隨便減。

　　1)省略代詞。如:

　　We are pleased to have received your invitation to the symposium on internet.非常高興收到你寄來(lái)的參加互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)議的邀請(qǐng)。(省略代詞“我們”)

　　If the chain reaction went on without being checked, it could cause a terrible explosion.如果連鎖反應(yīng)不加控制，就可能引起可怕的爆炸。(省略代詞it, it在這里代表the chain reaction)

　　This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.這種困境將是確定無(wú)疑的，因?yàn)槟茉吹膮T乏使農(nóng)業(yè)無(wú)法以高能量消耗、投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可能獲得高產(chǎn)的美國(guó)耕種方式繼續(xù)下去了。(原文中兩處代詞it均為形式賓語(yǔ)，)(真題示范)

　　It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered in three days.規(guī)定三天后發(fā)貨。(it是形式主語(yǔ)，that是先行詞)

　　2)省略冠詞。如:

　　The volume of a gas increase more quickly than that of a liquid.氣體體積增加的速度比液體快。

　　3)省略連詞。如:

　　When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.氣壓低，沸點(diǎn)就低。(連詞when可以不譯)

　　Henry had worked in a bank for years, and then he went to study in MIT.亨利在一家銀行工作了幾年，然后去麻省理工大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)去了。

　　4)省略介詞。如:

　　The distinction between light and pigment is important to color theory.區(qū)別光和色對(duì)于色彩理論來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。(between可以不譯)　Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historian and philosophers of science.多年來(lái)，工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉，在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家忽視了。(真題示范)

　　Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共場(chǎng)所不準(zhǔn)吸煙。

　　The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.石油供應(yīng)可能隨時(shí)被切斷;不管怎樣，以目前的這種消費(fèi)速度，只需30年左右所有的油井都會(huì)枯竭。(真題示范)

　　5)省略名詞。如:　Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for May purchases has not yet been settled.也許你忘記了五月份的購(gòu)貨款還沒(méi)有結(jié)算。(fact后面引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，可以不譯)

　　6)省略動(dòng)詞。如:

　　There is no doubt that we’ll carry out the experiment successfully.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)我們一定能把實(shí)驗(yàn)搞成功。(there is不翻譯)

　　He behaved politely while answering the interviewer’s questions.他在回答采訪者的問(wèn)題時(shí)，很有禮貌。(behave不翻譯)　Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.伽里略比較光輝的業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谟谒��?609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空，以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)，而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)。