PartⅠClose test
   
    Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. (10points)
   
    In the late 1960’s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointing 1 that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot 2 。
   
    Skyscrapers are also enormous 3 , and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition 4 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the 5 daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts—enough to 6 the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-walled skyscraper can be especially 7 . The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times 8 through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain 9 heating and air-conditioning equipment, 10 of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses 11 with silver or gold mirror films that reduce 12 as well as heat gain. However, 13 skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and 14 neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put severe pressure on a city’s sanitation 15 , too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2. 25 million gallons of raw sewage each year—as 16 as a city the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has a 17 of more than 109,000. Skyscrapers also 18 with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic。
   
    Still, people 19 to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them—personal ambition and the 20 of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space。
   
    1. A. at B. to C. out D. towards
   
    2. A. power B. capacities C. potentials D. capabilities
   
    3. A. savers B. consumers C. losers D. spenders
   
    4. A. of B. in C. to D. at
   
    5. A. point B. top C. summit D. peak
   
    6. A. distribute B. give C. supply D. donate
   
    7. A. thrifty B. economic C. prosperous D. wasteful
   
    8. A. that B. those C. which D. when
   
    9. A. to B. between C. on D. both
   
    10. A. founders B. consumers C. builders D. suppliers
   
    11. A. coated B. filled C. powdered D. stained
   
    12. A. brightness B. light C. glare D. gaze
   
    13. A. glass-walled B. plastic-walled C. concrete-walled D. mirror-walled
   
    14. A. affect B. assist C. protect D. benefit
   
    15. A. decorations B. utensils C. facilities D. appliances
   
    16. A. more B. much C. few D. little
   
    17. A. population B. People C. Mankind D. race
   
    18. A. intervene B. interfere C. interrupt D. obstacle
   
    19. A. stop B. Pause C. Continue D. terminate
   
    20. A. wish B. desire C. secret D. promise
    Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
   
    SectionA
   
    Directions: There are 4 passages in this part .Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET。(40points)
   
    Passage One
   
    While popular in the U. S., the April Fool’s Day tradition is even more prevalent in European countries, such as France and Great Britain. Although the roots of the traditional tricking are unclear, the French and the British both have claims on the origin of the celebration。
   
    One theory holds that the first April Fool’s Day was on April 1 of the year when King of France instituted the new calendar. This new system placed the day that had formerly been the first day of a new year on April 1. Many people were reluctant to adjust to the new calendar and continued to celebrate New Year’s Day on what had become the first day of April. Thus, they became the first April Fools。
   
    An English story about the day, however, holds that it began sometime during the 1200s. At the time, King John of England was in the habit of making a road out of nearly every path he walked regularly. The citizens of one particular farm village were aware of this. To avoid having their green meadows and pastures disturbed with one of the king’s roads, they built a fence that prevented the king from walking through their countryside. The king sent a group of messengers to inform that they must remove the barrier. Upon hearing that the King was planning to do this, however, the villagers developed a plan of their own. When the messengers arrived, they found what appeared to be a community of lunatics, with people behaving in a bizarre manner, throwing things and running around wildly. The messengers, alarmed at what they had found, reported to King John that these people were so mad as to be beyond punishment. So, the villagers saved their farmland by tricking the King. In Great Britain, tradition only allows April Fool’s tricks from midnight to moon on April 1. Those who try to play tricks in the afternoon become the fools themselves。
   
    21. The word “prevalent” in the first sentence is nearest in meaning to “”。
   
    A. unusual B. traditional
   
    C. prevailing D. prosperous
   
    22. As indicated in the passage, the first French April Fools were 。
   
    A. people who supported the new calendar
   
    B. people who opposed the new calendar
   
    C. King of France
   
    D. all the people in France
   
    23. In the French story, some people were regarded as the first April Fools because 。
   
    A. they celebrated New Year’s Day on Jan. 1st of the old calendar
   
    B. they celebrated New Year’s Day on April 1st of the old calendar
   
    C. they celebrated April Fool’s Day on Jan. 1st of the old calendar
   
    D. they celebrated April Fool’s Day on April 1st of the old calendar
   
    24. The villagers in the English story can be best described as 。
   
    A. crazy B. brave
   
    C. intelligent D. hard-working
   
    25. The readers can learn from the last paragraph that the villagers built a fence 。
   
    A. to show the king the way to their farmland
   
    B. because their farmland had been ruined by their king
   
    C. because their king often walked on their farmland
   
    D. to prevent their king from turning their farmland into roads
   
    Passage Two
   
    When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best。
   
    But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times。
   
    Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs—one—fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier。
   
    Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television。
   
    Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?
   
    Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (禮節(jié)) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed” “Keep your elbows off the table”) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially。
   
    26. The trend toward casual dining has resulted in
   
    A. bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers。
   
    B. shrinking of the pottery industry。
   
    C. restructuring of large enterprises。
   
    D. economic recession in Great Britain。
   
    27. Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?
   
    A. Family members need more time to relax。
   
    B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality。
   
    C. People want to practice economy in times of scarcity。
   
    D. Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation。
   
    28. It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is
   
    A. a retailer of stainless steel tableware。
   
    B. a dealer in stoneware。
   
    C. a pottery chain store。
   
    D. a producer of fine china。
   
    29. The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is
   
    A. the increased value of the pound。
   
    B. the economic recession in Asia。
   
    C. the change in people’s way of life。
   
    D. the fierce competition at home and abroad。
   
    30. Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life,
   
    A. are still a must on certain occasions。
   
    B. are bound to return sooner or later。
   
    C. are still being taught by parents at home。
   
    D. can help improve personal relationships。
 Passage Three
   
    On average, American kids aged 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%。
   
    “Children are affected by the same time crunch that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers。)
   
    All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids aged 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it。
   
    The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let’s face it, who’s got the time?
   
    31. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means
   
    A. children have little time to play with their parents。
   
    B. children are not taken good care of by their working parents。
   
    C. both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time。
   
    D. both parents and children have trouble managing their time。
   
    32. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is
   
    A. quite convincing。
   
    B. partially true。
   
    C. totally groundless。
   
    D. rather confusing。
   
    33. According to the author a child develops better if
   
    A. he has plenty of time reading and studying。
   
    B. he is left to play with his peers in his own way。
   
    C. he has more time participating in school activities。
   
    D. he is free to interact with his working parents。
   
    34. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids
   
    A. are engaged in more and more structured activities。
   
    B. are increasingly neglected by their working mothers。
   
    C. are spending more and more time watching TV。
   
    D. are involved less and less in household work。
   
    35. We can infer from the passage that
   
    A. extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligence。
   
    B. most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off。
   
    C. efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful。
   
    D. most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children。
   
    Passage Four
   
    I needed to get some money, so, after Christmas, I took a job in the clothes department at Graham’s for the first fortnight of the January sale. I can’t say that I enjoyed it, but it was an experience I’ll never forget。
   
    I could never understand why there were many things in the sales; where did they come from? Now I know the secret! Firstly, there is the special winter sack and the stock that people buy all the year round; some of these things are slightly reduced. Secondly, there are the summer clothes they couldn’t sell last year; these are heavily reduced to clear them. Thirdly, there are cheap clothes bought in specially for the sales; these are put at high prices ten days before the sale begins and then are reduced by 60% in the sale. Clever! Lastly, they buy in “seconds”( clothes not in perfect condition) for the sale and they are sold very cheaply。
   
    When I arrived half an hour before opening on the first day of the sale, there were already queues around three sides of the building. This made me very nervous。
   
    When the big moment arrived to open the doors, the security guards, looking less confident than usual, came up to them, keys in hand. The moment they had unlocked the doors, they hid behind the doors for protection as the noisy crowd crowded in. I couldn’t believe my eyes: this wasn’t shopping, it was a battlefield. One poor lady couldn’t keep her feet and was knocked over by people pushing from behind。
   
    Clothes were flying in all directions as people searched for the sizes, colors and styles they wanted. Quarrels broke out. Mothers were using their small children to craw through people’s legs and get hold of things they couldn’t get near themselves。
   
    Within minutes I had half a dozen people pushing under my nose, each wanting to be the first served. Where had the famous queue gone? The whole day continued like that, but I kept my temper ! I was taking money hand over fist and began to realize why, twice a year, Graham’s is happy to turn the expensive store into a battlefield like this。
   
    In the sale fever, people were spending money like water without thinking whether they needed what they were buying. As long as it was bargain it was OK。
   
    You won’t believe this, but as soon as I got home I crashed out for four hours. Then I had dinner and went back to bed, feeling the sound of the alarm which would tell me to get ready for the second day of the sale。
   
    36. What kind of clothes is likely to be sold 5% cheaper?
   
    A. Last summer’s clothes。
   
    B. Clothes not in perfect condition。
   
    C. Clothes bought in specially for the sales。
   
    D. Clothes for winter。
   
    37. Which of the following statements is true?
   
    A. The customers gave up the manners, which the English are famous for。
   
    B. The customers kept their temper while looking for clothes they wanted。
   
    C. Small children enjoyed crawling through people’s legs。
   
    D. The security guards were fearless of the crowd。
   
    38. In the author’s opinion, why is Graham’s happy to make the expensive store into a “battlefield”?
   
    A. There are too many clothes and they want to clear them in the sales。
   
    B. They are eager to show that they are clever at doing business。
   
    C. They can take the chance to raise the prices of all their clothes。
   
    D. They want to make more money by having sales。
   
    39. The expression “crashed out ” means 。
   
    A. chatted with friends B. slept soundly
   
    C. broke down D. dined out
   
    40. What would be the best title for the passage?
   
    A. The Best Bargain B. Hunting for a Job
   
    C. Sale Fever D. A Pleasant Fortnight
    SectionB
   
    Directions: Reading the following text and answer questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitle. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)
   
    A. The consequence of losing bones
   
    B. A better lab than on earth
   
    C. Two different cases
   
    D. Multiple effects form weightlessness
   
    E. How to overcome weightlessness
   
    F. Factors that are not so sure
   
    During weightlessness, the forces within the body undergo dramatic change. Because the spine is no longer compressed, people grow taller. The lungs, heart and other organs within the chest have no weight, and as a result, the rib cage and chest relax and expand. Similarly, the weights of the liver, kidneys, stomach and bowels disappear. One astronaut said after his flight: “You feel your guts floating up. I found myself tightening my belly, sort of pushing things back�！�
   
    41.
   
    Meanwhile muscles and bones come to be used in different ways. Our muscles are designed to support us when stand or sit upright and to move body parts. But in space, muscles used for support on the ground are no longer needed for that purpose; moreover, the muscles used for movement around a capsule differ from those used for walking down a hall. Consequently, some muscles rapidly weaken. This doesn’t present a problem to space travelers as long as they perform only light work. But preventing the loss of muscle tissue required for heavy work during space walks and preserving muscle for safe return to Earth are the subject of many current experiments。
   
    Studies have shown that astronauts lose bone mass from the lower spine, hips and upper leg at a rate of about 1 percent per month for the entire duration of their time in space. Some sites, such as the heel, lose calcium faster than others. Studies of animals taken into space suggest that bone formation also declines。
   
    42.
   
    Needless to say, these data are indeed cause for concern. During space flight, the loss of bone elevates calcium levels in the body, potentially causing kidney stones and calcium crystals to form in other tissues. Back on the ground, the loss of bone calcium stops within one month, but scientists do not yet know whether the bone recovers completely: too few people have flown in space for long periods. Some bone loss may be permanent, in which case ex-astronauts will always be more prone to broken bones。
   
    43.
   
    These questions mirror those in our understanding of how the body works here on Earth. For example, elderly women are prone to a loss of bone mass. Scientists understand that many different factors can be involved in this loss, but they do not yet know how the factors act and interact; this makes it difficult to develop an appropriate treatment. So it is with bone loss in space, where the right prescription still awaits discovery。
   
    44.
   
    Many other body systems are affected directly and indirectly. One example is the lung. Scientists have studied the lung in space and learned much they could not have learned in laboratories on earth. On the ground the top and bottom parts of the lung have different patterns of air flow and blood flow. But are these patterns the result only of gravity, or also of the nature of the lung itself? Only recently have studies in space provided clear evidence for the latter. Even in the absence of gravity, different parts of the lung have different levels of air flow and blood flow。
   
    45.
   
    Not everything that affects the body during space flight is related solely to weightlessness. Also affected, for example, are the immune system and the multiple systems responsible for the amount and quality of sleep(light levels and work schedules disrupt the body’s normal rhythms). Looking out the spacecraft window just before going to sleep(an action difficult to resist, considering the view) can let enough bright light into the eye to trigger just the wrong brain response, leading to poor sleep. As time goes on, the sleep debt accumulates。
   
    For long space voyages, travelers must also face being confined in a tight volume, unable to escape, isolated from the normal life of Earth, living with a small, fixed group of companions who often come from different cultures. These challenges can lead to anxiety, depression, crew tension and other social issues, which affect astronauts just as much as weightlessness—perhaps even more. Because these factors operate at the same time the body is adapting to other environmental changes, it may not be clear which physiological changes result from which factors. Much work rem ains to be done。
   
    PartⅢ Translation
   
    Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET。(15points)
   
    The system of higher education in the United States is complex. It comprises four categories of institutions: the university, which may contain: A. several colleges for undergraduate students seeking a bachelor’s (four-year) degree and B. one or more graduate schools for those continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor’s degree to obtain a master or a doctoral degree; the four-year undergraduate institution—the college—most of which are not part of a university; the technical training institution， at which high school graduates may take courses ranging from six months to four years in duration and learn a wide variety of technical skills, from hair styling through business accounting to computer programming; and the two-year，or community college， from which students may enter many professions or may transfer to four-year colleges or universities。
   
    Any of these institutions， in any category， might be either public or private， depending on the source of its funding. There is no clear or inevitable distinction in terms of quality of education offered between the institutions which are publicly or privately funded;however， this is not to say that all institutions enjoy equal prestige nor that there are no material differences among them。
   
    PartⅣ Writing
   
    Section A
   
    Directions：假如你是湖北師范大學(xué)的校長王宏，你要給你校教師黃易寫一封推薦信，具體內(nèi)容如下：黃易自1995-1999年在你校英語系學(xué)習(xí)，在校學(xué)習(xí)期間成績優(yōu)秀并積極參加社會活動，愛好文學(xué)和藝術(shù)。畢業(yè)后留校任教至今，深得學(xué)生好評。(10points)
   
    Section B
   
    Directions: You are asked to write a composition according to the outline givenbelow. Your composition should be not less than 120 words. You should write it clearly. (15points)
   
    (1) 事業(yè)的成功與否離不開決心。
   
    (2) 舉例說明成功的關(guān)鍵在于是否有恒心。
   
    (3) 成功的另一因素——機遇同樣不可忽視。
    2010年碩士研究生考試英語二模擬試卷二答案詳解
   
    PartⅠClose test
   
    1. [答案]C
   
    [解析]本題測試point的短語搭配。本句譯文：生態(tài)學(xué)家指出，城市中的一群高層建筑經(jīng)常使公共交通和停車場不堪重負(fù)。C正確。point sth.out意為“指出”;point at (twoards) sb./sth.意為“指向，瞄準(zhǔn)”;point to意為“指明(方向/位置)，顯示”。
   
    2. [答案]B
   
    [解析]本題測試近義詞辨析。四個選項都表示“能力，能”。capacity意為“(無生命事物的)承受、容納、裝載能力;(人的)潛在學(xué)習(xí)和理解力”;power意為“體能、智力或權(quán)力，尤其指控制他人的能力和權(quán)力”;potential意為“潛力，潛能”;capability意為“能力，才能，做某事的資格”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“潛力，發(fā)展前途”。
   
    3. [答案]B
   
    [解析]本題測試邏輯性詞義搭配。本句譯文：摩天大廈也是巨大的電力消費者和浪費者。并列連詞and表示前后兩詞的意思相近。consumer意為“消費者，耗費者”;saver意為“救助者，儉省的人，節(jié)省(時間、力量等)的工具”;loser意為“失敗者，遺失者”;spender意為“花錢者”。
   
    4. [答案]A
   
    [解析]本題測試慣用搭配。本句譯文：在近一年中，紐約市增加的1700百萬平方英尺高層辦公空間使每天對電的高峰需求量增長了12萬千瓦——足以供整個Albany市一天的所需。addition意為“增加物”，與介詞of連接，表示“……的增加”。to用在短語in addition to中，意為“再加上……，除了……”。
   
    5. [答案]D
   
    [解析]本題測試慣用搭配。四個選項都表示“點，頂點”。peak意為“(升降不定的數(shù)字記錄)比較高點”;point意為“點，階段，地步，關(guān)鍵時刻”;top意為“地位程度比較高的、比較大的”;summit意為“頂點，比較高層會議”。
   
    6. [答案]C
   
    [解析]本題測試詞義搭配。supply意為“供應(yīng)(所需要，所要求的)”;distribute意為“分配，散發(fā)”;give意為“給予”，為一般詞匯，一般接雙賓語;donate意為“捐贈”。
   
    7. [答案]D
   
    [解析]本題測試邏輯性詞義搭配。相關(guān)譯文：“玻璃外墻的摩天大樓尤其浪費。一塊半寸厚的平面玻璃墻的散熱性(需熱量)是充滿絕緣板的典型磚瓦墻體的10倍之多�！鼻熬涮岬侥μ齑髽呛碾娏看蟮皿@人，后面用especially提出更甚之的例子，所以只有wasteful符合句意方向。thriftyr意為“節(jié)儉的”;economic意為“經(jīng)濟的，節(jié)省的”;prosperous意為“繁榮”。
   
    8. [答案]A
   
    [解析]本題測試結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。that作代詞，指代前面的the heat loss。those應(yīng)用來指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
   
    9. [答案]C
   
    [解析]本題測試慣用搭配。本句譯文：為減少對供熱和空調(diào)設(shè)備的壓力，摩天大廈的建筑者開始使用雙層玻璃板，或使用貼著一層銀或金色薄膜的反光玻璃，這種玻璃能夠減少反光對眼睛的刺激和墻面的聚熱性。分析上文：因為玻璃墻體的摩天大廈散熱很快，并且不易供熱，所以需減輕對供熱和空調(diào)設(shè)備的壓力。只有C在搭配和詞義上合適，lessen the strain on意為“減輕對……的壓力/負(fù)擔(dān)”。
   
    10. [答案]C
   
    [解析]本題測試邏輯性詞義搭配。builder意為“建筑者”;founder意為“創(chuàng)始人”;consumer意為“消費者”;supplier意為“供應(yīng)商”。
   
    11. [答案]A
   
    [解析]本題測試短語辨析。films意為“膠片，薄膜”。be coated with意為“被覆蓋一層……”;be filled with意為“充滿了”;be powdered with意為“覆蓋著(粉狀的東西)”;be stained with意為“沾著(不易去除的污跡)”。
   
    12. [答案]C
   
    [解析]本題測試詞義搭配。glare意為“刺眼，耀眼的光”;brightness意為“光亮，光明”;light意為“光亮，目線”;gaze意為“注視，凝視”。
   
    13. [答案]D
   
    [解析]本題測試邏輯性詞義搭配。本句譯文：然而，鏡體墻面的摩天大樓使周圍空氣的溫度升高，從而影響周邊建筑物。mirror-walled是上一句中reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films的重復(fù)，用however轉(zhuǎn)引出：上一句提及的解決辦法實際上存在著環(huán)境問題。glass-walled不切題;plastic-walled和concrete-walled為本文未涉及的無關(guān)選項。
   
    14. [答案]A
   
    [解析]本題測試邏輯性詞義搭配。and表示前后的并列，：however已經(jīng)引出弊端——使周圍溫度升高，所以只有A正確。affect意為“影響”;assist意為“幫助”;protect意為“保護(hù)”;benefit意為“有利于”。
   
    15. [答案]C
   
    [解析]本題測試近義詞辨析。本句譯文：摩天大樓也給城市的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施帶來了巨大的壓力。如果全部的空間都被利用上的話，僅紐約市世貿(mào)中心的兩座塔樓每年要產(chǎn)生225萬加侖的污水——相當(dāng)于Connecticut州的Stamford，一座人口超過10. 9萬人的城市，一年中所排放的污水總量。facilities指較大型的設(shè)備;decorations意為“裝飾品”;utensils意為“特殊用途的設(shè)備(尤其指炊具)”;appliances指較小的器具。
   
    16. [答案]B
   
    [解析]本題測試詞義搭配。根據(jù)上文得知，“as…as”表示數(shù)量大，故選much。
   
    17. [答案]A
   
    [解析]本題測試詞義搭配。population意為“人口”;people意為“人，人民，民族”;mankind意為“人類”;race意為“種族”。
   
    18. [答案]B
   
    [解析]本題測試近義詞辨析。本句譯文：摩天大樓還干擾電視信號的接收、阻礙鳥兒飛行和航空運輸。表示對電波、信號的干擾比較常用interfere。intervene意為“介入，干涉”;interrupt sb.意為“打斷某人說話/做事”;obstacle(+to)意為“妨礙”。
   
    19. [答案]C
   
    [解析]本題測試邏輯性詞義搭配。譯文：人們?nèi)岳^續(xù)建筑摩天大樓，因為支持他們一直這樣做的有種種原因——個人的野心以及樓主們迫切希望比較大限度地?fù)碛锌勺庾尶臻g。由副詞still提示的線索及后文的語氣判定continue“繼續(xù)”正確。stop“停止”，pause“停頓”，terminate“終止”，均錯。
   
    20. [答案]B
   
    [解析]本題測試邏輯性詞義搭配。并列連詞and列舉不同原因，desire是與personal ambition表達(dá)的語氣(急切)比較搭配的詞，強調(diào)“熱切的期望”。wish意為“希望”。
   Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
   
    21. [答案]C
   
    [解析]詞義推斷題。首段第一句通過while一詞對比美國和歐洲國家對愚人節(jié)的態(tài)度，由此可知C為正確答案。
   
    22. [答案]B
   
    [解析]事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段 “This new system placed the day that had formerly been the first day of a new year on April 1. Many people were reluctant to adjust to the new calendar and continued to celebrate New Year’s Day on what had become the first day of April. Thus, they became the first April Fools. ”可知B為正確答案。
   
    23. [答案]A
   
    [解析]推理判斷題。由第二段的第二句和第三句 “This new system placed the day that had formerly been the first day of a new year on April 1. Many people were reluctant to adjust to the new calendar and continued to celebrate New Year’s Day on what had become the first day of April. Thus, they became the first April Fools. ” 可知A正確答案。
   
    24. [答案]C
   
    [解析]觀點態(tài)度題。村民們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo(hù)自己的土地，裝瘋騙過了國王的信使，這個故事說明村民們很有智慧，因此答案為C。
   
    25. [答案]D
   
    [解析]事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由比較后一段“To avoid having their green meadows and pastures disturbed with one of the king’s roads, they built a fence that prevented the king from walking through their countryside. ” 可知D為正確答案。
   
    26. [答案]D
   
    [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文第二段第一句：比較近，在科學(xué)期刊《自然》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇研究文章指出，空氣中的含鉛廢氣的排放是造成格陵蘭島的雪中含鉛量高的主要原因，這些廢氣都來自美國�！發(fā)eading contributor”所指的就是來自美國的廢氣，因此美國便是格陵蘭島污染的“罪魁禍?zhǔn)住�，可以得出D項答案。從后文可知，潔凈條例對抑制、降低鉛污染起到了至關(guān)重要的作用，所以A違背原意;Charles Boutron博士1991年發(fā)布的一項研究顯示，北極雪中的鉛含量正在逐年減少，所以B違背原意;從文中第五段可知，科學(xué)家們曾經(jīng)以為，鉛會在soil和snow中長時間滯留，文中還指出，關(guān)于鉛在土壤中滯留的研究是發(fā)表在期刊Ambio上的，所以C違背原意。
   
    27. [答案]B
   
    [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段末句：自從美國實行空氣潔凈條例后，20年間，全世界的鉛沉積都大大降低。理解mandate的意思，強制執(zhí)行，同義轉(zhuǎn)述，實行空氣潔凈條例便是立法通過，所以B正確。無鉛汽油的使用是被提倡的，所以A違背原意;無鉛汽油的使用是被立法通過，而不是禁止使用，所以C違背原意，D不夠具體明確，應(yīng)該是通過立法的途徑，而不單單是簡單的引入。
   
    28. [答案]D
   
    [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句“…the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasolines…”可知，不同國家和地區(qū)的汽油中鉛的含量不同;根據(jù)“thus enabled scientists to differentiate the lead sources.”可知，專家可以通過汽油中的鉛含量來判斷此種鉛來自于何地。顯然，就是利用判斷汽油中鉛含量的方法得出格陵蘭島的鉛污染主要來自美國的結(jié)論。所以D正確。原文中沒有提到要分析Nature和Ambio中報告給出的數(shù)據(jù)，所以A不對;原文沒有提及觀察北極不同區(qū)域鉛的累積情況，所以B不對;對東北美土質(zhì)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測的目的是測量土壤中鉛的含量，見第四段“…that lead levels in soil…decreased markedly since…”，說明C也不對。
   
    29. [答案]A
   
    [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.”森林處理和重新分配鉛污染的能力超出科學(xué)家的預(yù)料，同義轉(zhuǎn)述是森林去除、凈化鉛污染的能力比科學(xué)家預(yù)計的要強，可知A正確。森林中的鉛積累好處理，說明B與文中所述相反。原文沒有提及鉛沉積在美國的森林中廣泛分布，所以C不對;文中沒有提到哪層土更容易被污染，所以D也不對。
   
    30. [答案]C
   
    [解析]推論題。根據(jù)比較后一段：盡管生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的某些環(huán)節(jié)對空氣污染的改善反應(yīng)迅速(respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution,…)，但這些研究成果不應(yīng)該被當(dāng)作對環(huán)境污染的許可。這說明，鉛污染仍然應(yīng)被重視，所以C正確。文中沒有提到科學(xué)家們被森林污染所困擾，所以A不對;文中雖然舉出了使用無鉛汽油后鉛污染減少，但并沒有說鉛污染已經(jīng)解決，而且，“these findings should not be used as a license to pollute”，即暗指鉛污染仍然應(yīng)被重視，科學(xué)家們還能“feel relieved”，所以B不對;文中沒有提到和污染斗爭的方法手段問題，所以D也不對。
   
    31. [答案]B
   
    [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。shrinking與文中提到的裁員相對應(yīng)，而且“pottery industry”也是原文所限定的范圍，所以B正確。文中只是說制瓷業(yè)將不景氣，但并沒有說會破產(chǎn)，所以A不對;文中提到restructuring的例子只是指制瓷廠的，并不是所有的公司都restructuring，所以C也不對;文中提到的不景氣僅僅是指制瓷業(yè)，而不是整個英國，所以D也不對。
   
    32. [答案]B
   
    [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段第二句話捉出了非正式化的原因，就是因為long work hours and demanding family schedules。這與選項B中的Busy schedules相對應(yīng)，所以正確。文中沒有提到A項的原因;C項中的“in times of scarcity”不是“缺少時間”的意思，而是“物資匱乏的時代”，所以不對;文中只是提到現(xiàn)在的年輕人缺乏禮節(jié)，但沒有指出是否是因為他們不愿意遵循過去的禮節(jié)，所以D不對。
   
    33. [答案]D
   
    [解析]歸納題。文章開頭指出，制瓷業(yè)將萎縮，然后列舉了Royal Doulton的例子，第三段比較后一句還用了other pottery factories，說明該公司是一個瓷器公司。選項D中的fine china與上文所提到的精美相符，所以正確。A、C明顯與文章的意思不符;文中指出，Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.這說明，Royal Doulton和Wedgwood and other pottery factories都是工廠，所以B項不對。
   
    34. [答案]C
   
    [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段指出，人們喜歡過簡單、舒適的生活;第五段指出，人們沒有時間去熨燙一塊漂亮的桌布或者磨光銀具。這說明，人們的生活方式發(fā)生了變化。所以C正確。A、B兩項都是文中提到的原因，但文中用了although，說明這兩個原因不是main reason;文中完全沒有提到D。
   
    35. [答案]A
   
    [解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。文章倒數(shù)第二句話指出，禮節(jié)在某些地方是必需的。這說明A正確。文中沒有提到傳統(tǒng)是否會回歸，所以B不對;文中倒數(shù)第二句話說的是這些禮節(jié)現(xiàn)在不能從家長那里得到了，說明C與文章的意思正好相反;文中并沒有說明禮節(jié)是否能帶來良好的人際關(guān)系，所以D不對。
   
    36. [答案]D
   
    [解析]事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段 “Firstly, there is the special winter sack and the stock that people buy all the year round; some of these things are slightly reduced. ” 可知正確答案D。
   
    37. [答案]A
   
    [解析]事實細(xì)節(jié)題�？赏ㄟ^排除法，通過文章第四段和第五段排除B，C，D選項。
   
    38. [答案]D
   
    [解析]推理判斷題�？捎晌恼碌诹�段推出正確選項為D。
   
    39. [答案]B
   
    [解析]詞義猜測題。可由下文的 “… and went back to bed”推知，正確答案為B。
   
    40. [答案]C
   
    [解析]主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文章在描述服裝店熱賣的情景，因此正確答案為C。
    PartⅢ Translation
   
    [范文]
   
    美國的高等教育體系復(fù)雜。它包括四種學(xué)校。綜合性大學(xué)，這類大學(xué)可能包括：A. 幾所本科生攻讀學(xué)士學(xué)位(四年)的學(xué)院。B. 一所或更多的研究生院，在這些研究生院，那些獲得了學(xué)士學(xué)位的人可以繼續(xù)從事專門研究，以便獲得碩士或博士學(xué)位。四年制本科院校學(xué)院，其中的大部分不是綜合性大學(xué)的分校。技術(shù)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校，在這些學(xué)校，中學(xué)畢業(yè)生可以選修學(xué)制六個月至四年的課程，能夠?qū)W到許多專門技能，包括發(fā)型設(shè)計、商務(wù)會計以及計算機編程等。兩年制或社區(qū)學(xué)校，學(xué)生從這些學(xué)校畢業(yè)后可以進(jìn)入許多部門就業(yè)，或是轉(zhuǎn)到四年制院�；蚓C合性大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。
   
    任何這類學(xué)校，無論屬于什么范疇，可能是公立的，也可能是私立的，這取決于其資金的來源。就教學(xué)質(zhì)量而言，公共投資或私人投資的學(xué)校沒有明顯或必然的差別;然而，這并不是說所有學(xué)校都享有同樣的聲譽，也不是說所有學(xué)校都沒有實質(zhì)性的區(qū)別。
   
    PartⅣ Writing
   
    [范文]
   
    To Whom It May Concern,
   
    This is to certify that Mr. Huang Yi has been an excellent teacher of English in our college for the past four years.
   
    Mr. Huang was admitted in 1995 after an entrance examination into Foreign Language Department of Hubei Teacher’s College, where he stayed for four years, majoring in English. While at college, he was extremely successful in studies and took an active part in a number of social activities. He has a talent for literary and artistic work, and was on many occasions invited to give performances before large audiences, for which he enjoys great popularity.
   
    Upon his graduation with honors in 1999, he was engaged by his college as a teacher of English. While in our employ, Mr. Huang’s performances are rated satisfactory, and many of his colleagues and students often speak highly of his ability and teaching skills. He always proves himself hardworking and modest.
   
    It is my hope that the above information will help you know Mr. Huang. If any further information about his qualification is necessary, I’ll be glad to comply.
   
    Sincerely,
   
    Wang Hong
   
    President of Hubei Teacher’s College
   
    Section B
   
    [范文]
   
    Opportunity and Determination
   
    Everyone dreams of attaining success in his career. However, the way to success is not a smooth one. It is full of difficulties and obstacles. Whether one is able to gain success or not depends largely on the attitude he is to adopt towards difficulties or even failures. Faced with frustrations and setbacks, those who have a dogged determination can stick to their cause to the end so that they stand a chance of success. On the contrary, those whose determination is often weakened by difficulties can end up nowhere.
   
    Determination is the key to success. With a strong determination, one is able whatever hardships or dangers he may face. Take Sun Yat-sen for example. In spite of his failures, he continued to make unremitting efforts to pursue his objective and mortgaged his life to the revolutionary cause. As a result, he did not fail to live up to the expectations of Chinese people and eventually overthrew the Qing Dynasty.
   
    In addition to determination, opportunity is also indispensable to one’s success. Without opportunities, one, sometimes, can hardly display his talents, competence and abilities. Nor can he have his power into full play. But opportunities seem to favor those who have inflexible determination and resolute perseverance. Furthermore opportunities wait for no man. As the saying goes, “Opportunity knocks but once.” Therefore we must utilize every opportunity and not let it slip away.