1. Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.
　　 然而，研究P時代的研究者發(fā)展除了各種各樣的或多或少有些奇怪思想的模型系統(tǒng)，用來顯示如果由他們來決定地質(zhì)事件的話他們將會如何安排冰川紀。
　　 難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、倒裝、修辭
　　 解釋：句末的由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中包括了雙重的倒裝，正常的語序本來是：If they had been in charge of events, they would have arranged the Ice Age in certain model schemes。本句中由于arrange的方式被提前，就造成了arrange的動作執(zhí)行者也要提前，前面的if they had been 則必須后置；這樣一來又造成了if被省略，成為had they been的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 另外，作者為了表達其對于這些研究者的模型的負態(tài)度，并炫耀其幽默感，在本句中使用了虛擬語氣，并使用了fanciful這個詞以表示這些研究的不負責(zé)任、異想天開的幼童心理。
　　 意群訓(xùn)練：Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.
　　 2. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits　and events not directly related to　　glacial and interglacial periods，rather　than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.
　　 這一序列演替（succession）所依據(jù)的，主要是一系列與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的地質(zhì)沉積物和地質(zhì)事件，而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法，去研究間冰層（interglacial bed）中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物，而這些間冰層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化（interstatified）。
　　 難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、易淆指代
　　 解釋：句子中的rather than 之后省略了與前面重復(fù)的being based,直接加上了介詞on。Modern method后面的部分都是修飾method的。其中的remains既可以作動詞也可以作名詞，此處是名詞的用法，biological remains指的是類似于動物化石之類的遺跡。讀到這里我們看到了句子的難點，themselves既可以指前面離得很遠的modern method(當(dāng)然，在語法上來講單復(fù)數(shù)不一致)，也可以指前面離得較遠的biological remains，亦可以指緊挨著的interglacial beds，到底是指代哪一個，只有通過理解句意，才能確定在此處指biological remains。
　　 意群訓(xùn)練：This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits　and events not directly related to　　glacial and interglacial periods，rather　than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.
　　 3. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are　not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or　between those already satiated and　those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
　　 人們試圖對這些禁忌作出解釋，所依據(jù)的要么是那些正置身于某一身體需要滿足的人與那些并置身于某一身體需要之滿足的人之間的，要么是那些早已酒足飯飽的人與那些正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽失之間的不相稱的社會關(guān)系。解釋：前面的主架構(gòu)There have been attempts to explain these taboos很簡單，從in terms of inappropriate social relationships開始句子變難，ralationship后面跟著一個一直延續(xù)到句末的長長的修飾成分，其中有兩個固定搭配，either…or…和between…and…，不但如此，原文把這兩個搭配又套在一起，變成了either between…and…,or between…and…;再加上每一個between…and之后都是those who這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，就愈發(fā)令人眼花繚亂了。
　　 意群訓(xùn)練：There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social　　relationships either between those who are involved and those who are　not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or　between those already satiated and　those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
　　 4. Many critics of Family Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second　part as a counterpoint that comments on，if it does not reverse，the first part，where a "romantic" reading receives more confirmation.
　　 研究艾米麗。勃朗特（Emily Bronte）小說《呼嘯山莊》（Wuthering Heights）的許多文學(xué)評論家，將小說的第二部分視作一種對比物，即使沒有將第一部分予以逆轉(zhuǎn)的話，也是在對第一部分作出一種詮釋評判，而在小說第一部分中，一種“浪漫的”的讀解能獲得更為充分的確證。
　　 難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
　　 解釋：上面的翻譯中為了符合中文習(xí)慣不得不把修飾the first part的where引導(dǎo)的定語從句翻譯到中括號以外。本句主要難在兩個地方，一個是插入語if it does not reverse如何理解，另一個是counterpoint的意思是什么。產(chǎn)生，插入語的位置比較討厭，把comments on the first part這樣一個連貫的說法割成兩段，增加了閱讀的難度。而且它的意思容易理解錯；if既可以理解成如果的意思，也可以理解成即使的意思。如果理解成即使的意思，則上下文的意思則要理解成即使不反對第一部分，也要給予第一部分一個負面的評論。然而此處不能這樣理解，因為that之前的counterpoint的意思不是相反、對立，而是指和諧的組成部分的意思。這個詞來源于一個音樂術(shù)語，指音樂中的對位法、旋律配合，引伸為形容兩個不同的東西彼此和諧一致，同義詞是harmony。因此文中的if it does not reverse的意思是假如不反對第一部分，則是與第一部分和諧一致的評論的意思。這種情況下，插入語純屬廢話。
　　 意群訓(xùn)練：Many critics of Family Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second　part as a counterpoint that comments on，if it does not reverse，the first part，where a "romantic" reading receives more confirmation.