1. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to , finally ,a conquered people – a charter minority on our own land.
現(xiàn)在我們必須也按照我們墨西哥裔的美國人的經(jīng)歷來審視這個文化,我們的經(jīng)歷是從一個主權的民族變成了新來的定居者的同胞,在比較終淪落成為一個被征服的民族——在我們自己的土地上的契約的少數(shù)民族。難句類型:復雜修飾、插入語、固定搭配
解釋:主句中的as we Mexican Americans have experienced it 是examine的狀語,說明審視的角度;后面直至句尾的分詞結構又是experience的狀語,詳述了經(jīng)歷的具體過程。就是這個分詞有些難懂,因為我們熟知的結構是from…to…沒有見過,也沒有想到過后面居然還有一個to,因此看到這個套了一個插入語的newly arriving settlers to , finally, a conquered people的時候頭腦發(fā)生混亂,不明所以、不知所措。這里的to還是與前面的from搭配的,也就是說,原文的結構是from…to…to…
意群訓練:Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to , finally ,a conquered people – a charter minority on our own land.
2. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s (mRNA’s)of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones,the cells will contain these Mrna’S. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them,then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s,but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones.
科學家可以制造出特異的(specific)互補DNA’s(cDNA’s),以此作為分子探子(molecular probe),探覓出肽激素的信使RNA’s(mRNA’s)。如果大腦正在制造著肽激素,則細胞就會含有這些信使RNA’s.假若細胞所制造的產(chǎn)品類似于肽激素但并非與這些肽激素全然相同,那么,互補cDNA’s應仍然和這些信使mDNA’s粘結的程度。含有這些mRNA’s的腦細胞然后就可以被分離開來,研究者可對其信使RNA’s進行解碼,以確定它們的蛋白質產(chǎn)品究竟是什么,并確定這些蛋白質產(chǎn)品在何種程度上類似于真正的肽激素。
難句類型:易混詞
解釋:與其他的難句不同的是,心上的英文不止一句。筆者之所以在本句中不設標志和翻譯,是因為這三句話從結構和意思上來說并不難。然而很少有人能夠真正的一次把這段話讀清楚,原因在于兩個容易混淆的單詞cDNA’s和mRNA’s在文中交替出現(xiàn),而且相互作用;再加上brain cell和hormones從中搗亂,更難讀清楚原文的意思。原文的主要意思如下:可以用cDNA’s來探測mRNA’s。如果腦細胞產(chǎn)生了荷爾蒙,則其中必有mRNA’s意味著可用cDNA探測荷爾蒙。如果腦細胞制造的不是真荷爾蒙,則可以用cDNA’s與其中的mRNA’s附著的情況來確定此荷爾蒙的真假。
意群訓練:It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s (mRNA’s)of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones,the cells will contain these Mrna’S. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them,then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s,but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones.
3. The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them.
采用cDNA探子來測定肽激素的這一分子生物學方法同時也應該比免疫學的方法速度來得快,因為對于免疫的方法來說,需耗費好幾年枯燥的提純進程,方能將肽素分離了出來,然后再培養(yǎng)出針對它們的抗血清。難句類型:復雜修飾、易混指代
解釋:主語后的修飾成分同樣隔開了主語和謂語,但本句的難度主要在because從句中。按照一般的習慣,作為從句主語的it應該指主句的主語,但本句的主句是一個比較結構,A should be faster than B because it…,此處it也可以指B。但是因為這種指代不符合和我們以前所形成的習慣,所以閱讀現(xiàn)場不得不邊讀邊根據(jù)句意來判斷,這就增加了閱讀理解的難度�,F(xiàn)場閱讀時,類似antiserums的這種專有名詞不必理會,僅需從詞頭anti推出這是一個反p荷爾蒙的東西即可。
意群訓練:The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them.
結束
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