1. (Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law.)Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.
盡管從歷史角度來(lái)看,在古代以色列作為獨(dú)立主權(quán)國(guó)家的猶太教法與大流散時(shí)期(Diaspora,即以色列被征服后古代猶太人被巴比倫人逐出故土)的猶太教法之間存在著一個(gè)明晰可辨的斷裂,然則,《舊約全書(shū)》(Old Testament)后半部分中法律內(nèi)容的精神與《猶太教法典》(Talmud)極為一脈相承,而所謂的《猶太教法典》,是指大流散時(shí)期猶太教法的主要典籍輯錄之一,考試大。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、省略、專有名詞
解釋:本句與上一句同來(lái)自于同一篇文章,本文的主題是伊斯蘭法,但作者反復(fù)用猶太法來(lái)嚇唬讀者,同樣ETS也未就此句話出題。
這句話難讀是因?yàn)閮蓚(gè)原因:第一、作者在between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora一句中的and之后省略了Jewish law,使人看到of the Diaspora ancient Israel and of the Diaspora一句中的and之后省略了jewish law,使人看到of the Diaspora時(shí)搞不清楚在什么與什么之間;第二個(gè)難懂的原因,是文中出現(xiàn)了大量的專有名詞、法律術(shù)語(yǔ)和歷史背景。其實(shí)讀者除了Israel 和Jewish兩個(gè)單詞有必要也有可能認(rèn)識(shí)之外,其他單詞既不需要了解也無(wú)法了解,像什么Diaspora(大流散時(shí)期)、Old Testament(舊約全書(shū))、Talmud(猶太教法典)等奇怪名詞,在非宗教國(guó)家的考生的大腦中,一點(diǎn)概念都沒(méi)有,更不要說(shuō)其英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)了。那么ETS的出題者在閱讀文章中搞出這種東西來(lái),不是有意違背公平出題原則之嫌了嗎? 其實(shí)出題者也并沒(méi)有要求讀者把這些內(nèi)容搞清,只需知道前面那句話是一個(gè)判斷句,說(shuō)猶太法和伊斯蘭法一致,后面這句話是對(duì)上面一句話的解釋,因此肯定也在說(shuō)它一致。再看第二句話的結(jié)構(gòu),上來(lái)就是一個(gè)用though表示的讓步語(yǔ)氣,我們可以看出在一個(gè)break between,那么逗號(hào)后就應(yīng)該是省略了but的轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣,該說(shuō)沒(méi)有break between,果然我們看到了very close to 的字樣。我們也知道,既有讓步又有轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí),作者強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)折之后的內(nèi)容。所以這句話仍是在說(shuō)猶太法一致。
大意群訓(xùn)練: Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law(這是作者加的便于理解的話). Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora(the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.
2. Islam,on the other hand,represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it;Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle,(examination)of legal subject matter that was far from uniform,comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.
另一方面,伊斯蘭教則代表著與此前存在的阿拉伯異教(Arab paganism)的一種根本上的決裂;伊斯蘭法是從宗教的角度,對(duì)各種雜亂無(wú)章、絕無(wú)共同點(diǎn)的法律內(nèi)容進(jìn)行考察所致的結(jié)果,而這些法律內(nèi)容實(shí)際上是由前伊斯蘭阿拉伯國(guó)家(Pre-Islamic Arabia)法律的不盡相同的組成部分以及由從被征服的土地上非阿拉伯民族借鑒過(guò)來(lái)的無(wú)數(shù)法律因素所構(gòu)成。 (as it did )實(shí)際上是一句插入語(yǔ)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)
解釋:這句話是接著上面的那句話寫(xiě)下來(lái)的,是在說(shuō)伊斯蘭法的不一致。句中有三個(gè)插入語(yǔ),都起到了一定的干擾作用。第一個(gè)是on the other hand,隔開(kāi)了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。第二個(gè)是from a religious angle,分開(kāi)了examination of ,第三個(gè)as it did, 根本就是句廢話,分?jǐn)嗔藙?dòng)詞comprise 和動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)the various components。
意群訓(xùn)練:Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numberous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.
結(jié)束
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