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高一英語(yǔ):知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Unit5-6(14)

2016-11-21 21:05:51 來(lái)源：高考網(wǎng)

 　　【考例】 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.

　　A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

　　[考查目標(biāo)]定語(yǔ)從句。

　　[答案與解析]D “turn to sb for help”為固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“向某人求助”，所以選to whom。

　　3. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 當(dāng)有人問(wèn)起他成功的秘訣時(shí)。史蒂文?斯皮爾伯格說(shuō)起他的成功和幸福主要來(lái)自于妻子和孩子。

　　該句中的 "when" 是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。在狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致或從句主語(yǔ)是it，而且從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be或包含be時(shí)，常常將從句主語(yǔ)與be省略。例如：Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York.

　　【考例】  Unless ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.

　　A. invited B. inviting

　　C. being invited D. having invited

　　[考查目標(biāo)]狀語(yǔ)從句的省略現(xiàn)象。

　　[答案與解析]A unless為連詞，后面省略了you are，所以選invited。

　　4. Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table. 在餐桌上，懂禮節(jié)意味著你知道如何使用刀叉，何時(shí)祝酒以及如何在用餐時(shí)舉止得體。

　　該句中having good manners為v-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。例如：Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.

　　▲友情提示：在v -ing 形式前加形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格，構(gòu)成v -ing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。

　　【考例5】Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.

　　A. he'd like to collect coins as well

　　B. he feels like collecting coins, too

　　C. to collect coins is also his hobby

　　D. collecting coins gives him great pleasure

　　[考查目標(biāo)]v -ing 作主語(yǔ)。

　　[答案與解析]D A、B、C三項(xiàng)句法都無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，但在and連接的并列句中，兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)要保持一致的形式 fishing and collecting coins分別做兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)。

　　5. It's polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need. 餐盤里的東西要吃光才禮貌，所以不要多拿。

　　該句中的it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為to finish eating …例如：It's not right to tell lies. 撒謊是不對(duì)的。

　　it作為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的句型有：

　　1. It + be + adj. + to do sth 2. It + be + n. + to do sth

　　3. It + be + PP. to do sth

　　【考例】 In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.

　　A. this B. that C. there D. it

　　[考查目標(biāo)] 形式主語(yǔ)。

　　[答案與解析]D 只有it才可以作形式主語(yǔ)。

　　【句型歸納】

　　1. When / While / Though / Unless / If + n. / adj. / 現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞……

　　狀語(yǔ)從句有些成分有時(shí)可省略，一般是主語(yǔ)和be省略;有時(shí)it和be可以省略： He made no answer when (he is) spoken to. /Though (he was) born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York. / Come back early if (it is) possible.

　　[注意]用法詳見(jiàn)Chapter 10語(yǔ)法活用“省略和插入語(yǔ)”。

　　2. Not only / just…but (also) 連接相同的句子成分

　　Not only the teacher but all the students are going to visit the Science Museum. (連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)根據(jù)就近原則) / They not only sang but (also) danced for a whole night. / Many people go to see this film not just because the film is interesting, but also the leading actors and actresses are all world famous. / Not only do we learn for our country, but we'll work for her in the future. (連接句子時(shí)，not only后的句子要部分倒裝)

　　(責(zé)任編輯：康彥林)

　　特別說(shuō)明：由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化，育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長(zhǎng)參考，敬請(qǐng)考生及家長(zhǎng)以權(quán)威部門公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。

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