高一英語:第一學(xué)期必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)語法2
2)瞬間動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。 例如， 我們要表達(dá)“他的父親去世 好幾年了。 ”不能說： grandfather has
died for several years.而應(yīng)該說： father grandfather His His has bee dead for several
years.或者：His grandfather died several years ago.或者：It is/ has been several years
since his grandfather died. 再如，我們不能用 He has joined the army for three
years.來表達(dá)“他參軍三年了。”而應(yīng)說： He has been in the army for three years.或者：He has been a
soldier for three years.或者：He joined the army three years ago.也可以說 It is/ has
been three years since he joined the army. 二、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.動(dòng)詞形式 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由 have (has)
+ been + 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。
2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：
1)表示動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，沒有中斷。 Grace has been waiting for me for half an hour.
(格雷絲已經(jīng)等我半小時(shí)了。) (動(dòng)作尚在繼續(xù)) The satellite has been sending back signals as well as
photographs ever since. (自那時(shí)起衛(wèi)星一 直不斷地向地球發(fā)回信號(hào)和照片。) (動(dòng)作尚在繼續(xù)) Aaron has been
teaching English ever since graduation. (畢業(yè)以后，艾倫一直在教英語。) (還 在教)
2)表示動(dòng)作從過去到現(xiàn)在一直不斷重復(fù)、斷斷續(xù)續(xù)。 I have been saying good-bye to my colleagues these
days. (這些天我一直在向我的同事們告 別。) My parents have been telling me to work hard since I
went to school. (自從我上學(xué)之后， 我的父 母親不停地告誡我要好好學(xué)習(xí)。)
注：狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。若要表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：
1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 I have thought it over.
(我已經(jīng)仔細(xì)考慮過這件事了。) I have been thinking it over. (我一直在反復(fù)考慮這件事。)
2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更具感情色彩。 I have been waiting for you for two hours.
(我已經(jīng)等你兩小時(shí)了。) (有責(zé)備的口氣) I have waited for you two hours. (我已經(jīng)等你兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。) (說明一個(gè)客觀事實(shí))
三、過去完成時(shí)
1.動(dòng)詞形式 過去完成時(shí)由 had + 過去分詞構(gòu)成
2.過去完成時(shí)的用法
1)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I had worked as a worker for five years
before I became a teacher. (在我成為教師之前， 我已經(jīng) 當(dāng)了五年的工人。) By the end of last year, I
had already learnt 5,000 English words. (到去年年底，我已學(xué)會(huì)了 5,000 個(gè)英文單詞。)
2)動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用于表示一個(gè)本來打算做而沒有做的事，常用的動(dòng)詞有：intend, hope, want, mean, suppose,
expect, think 等。 I had intended to meet you at the airport, but someone came to
see me just when I was about to leave. (我本來要到機(jī)場去接你的，可在我出門時(shí)有人來看我。)
I had wanted to lend you some money, but you didn't ask. (我本打算借你一些錢的，但你沒開
(責(zé)任編輯：康彥林)
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